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    CH 1

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    Addisalem Ganfure
    This document introduces computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as using computers to create, store, manipulate and produce pictorial outputs. It lists uses of computer graphics such as easy communication, storing large data, and saving time. It also discusses application areas, input devices, display devices including raster scan displays, random scan displays and flat panel displays. It describes characteristics of displays such as resolution, dot pitch, and aspect ratio. Finally, it explains frame buffers and their organization.

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    CH 1

    Uploaded by

    Addisalem Ganfure
    139 views15 pages
    This document introduces computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as using computers to create, store, manipulate and produce pictorial outputs. It lists uses of computer graphics such as easy communication, storing large data, and saving time. It also discusses application areas, input devices, display devices including raster scan displays, random scan displays and flat panel displays. It describes characteristics of displays such as resolution, dot pitch, and aspect ratio. Finally, it explains frame buffers and their organization.

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    Computer Graphics

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    CH-1

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    This document introduces computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as using computers to create, store, manipulate and produce pictorial outputs. It lists uses of computer graphics such as easy communication, storing large data, and saving time. It also discusses application areas, input devices, display devices including raster scan displays, random scan displays and flat panel displays. It describes characteristics of displays such as resolution, dot pitch, and aspect ratio. Finally, it explains frame buffers and their organization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    139 views15 pages

    CH 1

    Uploaded by

    Addisalem Ganfure
    This document introduces computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as using computers to create, store, manipulate and produce pictorial outputs. It lists uses of computer graphics such as easy communication, storing large data, and saving time. It also discusses application areas, input devices, display devices including raster scan displays, random scan displays and flat panel displays. It describes characteristics of displays such as resolution, dot pitch, and aspect ratio. Finally, it explains frame buffers and their organization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Computer Graphics

    Comp565

    Chapter – 1
    Introduction to Computer Graphics
    Introduction…

    Definition:
     Computer graphics is the use of computers
    to create, store, manipulate and produce
    pictorial outputs.
    Uses of computer graphics
     It allows easy communication
     It stores large data
     It saves time

    2
    Introduction…

    Application areas of computer graphics


     CAD (Computer Aided Design)
     Presentation Graphics
     Entertainments and Animation
     Education and Training
     Visualization
     GUI(Graphical User Interface)
     Image Processing
     Computer art

    3
    Introduction…

    Graphics input devices


     Can transmit input to the graphic system
     Examples:
     Mouse
     Keyboard
     Tablet
     Joystick
     Trackball
     Space ball
     Data gloves, etc.

    4
    Introduction…

    Graphics display devices


     Some of the most common types of display system
    are:
    1. Raster scan display
    2. Random scan display
    3. Flat panel display
     The most widely used output device in graphics
    system is a video monitor (Video Display Unit
    (VDU)).
     The operation of most video monitor is based on
    the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).

    5
    Introduction…

    Raster scan display


     Uses CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) for display
     Most common type and based on TV- technologies
     CRT electron beams swept across the screen line by
    line (one row at a time from top to bottom, from
    left to right)
     It works with bit map
     Bit map is a rectangular array of bits(dots) used to
    represent a picture
     Each dot on the line of a display is stored as a
    series of zeros and ones in RAM
     It is responsible for reading the contents of the RAM
    and writing it to the screen by using scans
    6
    Introduction…

    Random scan display


     CRT electron beam directed only towards to the
    part of screen where picture to be displayed
     It is designed for line drawing application and
    cannot display realistic shaded scenes
     Picture displayed as a set of primitives (lines,
    vectors)
     It is also known as vector display

    7
    Introduction…

    Flat panel display


     Smaller, lighter and thinner than the conventional
    CRT
     Mostly suitable for laptop computers
     Categories:
     Emissive display: - converts electrical energy
    into light(e.g. Plasma)
     Non-emissive display: - converts light
    energy into picture patterns(e.g. LCD)

    8
    Introduction…

    Characteristics of display devices


     Pixel(one dot of the raster)- is the smallest
    picture elements of the raster
     Scan line- one horizontal line of pixels
     Resolution- the number of pixels used on the
    screen. It is the number of pixels in the horizontal
    by the number of pixels in the vertical
    I.e. R = V x H
    Example: 320 x 200, 1024 x 1024, 800 x 600
     The screen with higher resolution gives sharper
    and clearer picture. Higher resolution means, large
    number of pixels and large number of memory

    9
    Introduction…

     Dot pitch-the distances between adjacent pixels


    or the distance between adjacent sets of red,
    green, blue dots.
    Note: When the amount of dot pitch increases,
    resolution decreases and the clarity of images also
    decreases.
     Aspect Ratio-is the ratio of y-resolution to x-
    resolution.(y/x). Most common CRT has a display
    area with an aspect ratio of 4:3

    10
    Introduction…

    Frame buffer and its organization


     Frame buffer: is a large contiguous piece of
    computer memory that stores the raster image
    ready for display.

     Bit plane/Depth of frame buffer: is the number of bits


    used for each pixel. I.e. each pixel in the raster is
    represented at least one bit, this amount of memory of one
    bit per pixel is called bit plane.
    11
    Introduction…

     The frame buffer is a digital device while the raster CRT is


    an analog device. We need a device to convert from a digital
    representation to analog signal when information is read
    from the frame buffer and displayed on the raster graphics
    device. This conversion is done by Digital-to-Analog
    Convertor (DAC)

    12
    Introduction…

    Example:

     For n bit plane on the frame buffer, there is 2n


    different color for each pixel
     E.g. from the above picture, there is 2n =23=8
    different colors for a pixel.
    13
    Introduction…

     The formula to calculate how much video memory


    is required at a given resolution and bit depth is
    given by:

     Example: If a monitor computer has 480 scan


    lines and aspect ratio 5:4 and each pixel contains
    8 bits intensity information, how many bits per
    second are required to show 30 MB frame each
    second?
    14
    END

    THE END!

    15

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