Leanppt
Leanppt
Leanppt
Maturational Change
Experiential Change
Alter the way we perceive the environment.
Interpret incoming stimuli
Research on digestion
Conditioning by association
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
unconditioned response (UCR),
conditioned stimulus (CS),
conditioned response(CR).
CONDITIONING PROCESS
Unconditional stimulus---- unconditional response
These are unlearned and untrained
B.F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
B. F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
Operant Conditioning
Exploring
Scratching
Pigeon Key-pecking
Reinforcement
Grooming
Defecating
Urinating
REINFORCEMENT; THE PROCESS BY WHICH
A STIMULUS INCREASES THE PROBABILITY
THAT A PRECEDING BEHAVIOR WILL BE
REPEATED.
NEGATIVE REINFORCER : AN UNPLEASANT STIMULUS WHOSE REMOVAL LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN THE PROBABILITY THAT PRECEDING
RESPONSE WILL OCCUR AGAIN IN THE FUTURE
PUNISHMENT: A STIMULUS THAT DECREASES THE PROBABILITY THAT PREVIOUS BEHAVIOR WILL OCCUR AGAIN
EXTINCTION. WHEN YOU REMOVE SOMETHING IN ORDER TO DECREASE A BEHAVIOR, THIS IS CALLED EXTINCTION.
B. F. Skinner
Research focus
Role of punishment in response acquisition
Schedules of reinforcement
Extinction of operant behaviour
Secondary reinforcement
Generalization
Subjects included humans as well as animals
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT : THE
FREQUENCY AND TIMING FOLLOWING
DESIRED BEHAVIOR
CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT
Overt Environmental
Behavior Influences
Personal Factors
(beliefs, expectations,
self-perceptions)
BASIC PREMISE
Vicarious reinforcement
MODELING
Characteristics of observers:
Attention processes
Retention processes
Production processes
Self-reinforcement
Reward or punish self for meeting or failing to meet own
standards
APPLICATION OF SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORY: BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
Fears and phobias
Guided participation: Observe and imitate
Covert modeling: Imaginal
Anxiety
Fear of medical treatment
Test anxiety