Teaching Science in The Elementary Grades (Physics, Earth and Space Science)

Teaching Science in the
Elementary Grades
(Physics, Earth and
Space Science)
Course Outline
 Unit Conversion
 Velocity and Acceleration
 Force and Motion
 Work, Energy and Power
 Heat
 Temperature
 Electricity
 Magnetism
 Sound and Light
 Earth Science
 Geology
 Meteorology
 Astronomy
Length, Mass, and Time
 Length
 is the measure of distance
 Mass
 is a quantity used to measure the resistance to a change in
the motion of an object
 Time
 time in physics is defined by its measurement
Systems of Measurement
Fundamental Quantities Standard Unit in SI

Length Meter
Mass Kilogram
Time Second
Temperature Kelvin
Luminous intensity Candela
Electric current Ampere
Amount of Substance Mole
Equivalent Prefix Abbreviation
10-18 atto- a
10-15 femto- f
10-12 pico- p
10-9 nano- n
10-6 micro- µ
10-3 milli- m
10-2 centi- c
103 kilo- k
106 mega- M
109 giga- G
1012 tera- T
1015 peta- P
1018 exa- E
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
 Dimensions
 denotes the physical nature of a quantity.
CONVERSION OF UNITS
Convert each quantity:
Pre-lecture activity
1. Using a pedometer, you walk 3000 steps in 20 minutes, so

your speed is 150 steps/min. Each of your steps is 0.7 m long.
What is your speed?
2. A snail travels 0.02 km in a week. What is its average speed
in meters per second?
MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
 Dynamics
 The study of motion and of physical concepts such as force
and mass
 Kinematics
 The part of dynamics that describes motion without regard
to its causes
DISPLACEMENT
VELOCITY
Example 1
 A turtle and a rabbit engage in a footrace over a distance

of 4.00 km. The rabbit runs 0.500 km and then stops for a
90.0-min nap. Upon awakening, he remembers the race
and runs twice as fast. Finishing the course in a total time
of 1.75 h, the rabbit wins the race. (a) Calculate the
average speed of the rabbit. (b) What was his average
speed before he stopped for a nap?
ACCELERATION
Example 2
 A baseball player moves in a straight-line path in order to

catch a fly ball hit to the outfield. His velocity as a
function of time is shown in Figure 2.11a. Find his
instantaneous acceleration at points A, B, and C.
ONE DIMENSIONAL MOTION WITH
CONSTANT ACCELERATION
Example 3
 (a) A race car starting from rest accelerates at a constant

rate of 5.00 m/s2. What is the velocity of the car after it
has traveled 1.00 x 102 ft? (b) How much time has elapsed?
Seatwork
1.
2.
THE LAWS OF MOTION
OUTLINE
1 Forces
2 Newton’s First Law
3 Newton’s Second Law
4 Newton’s Third Law
5 Applications of Newton’s Laws
6 Forces of Friction
FORCE
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW
 An object moves with a velocity that is constant in

magnitude and direction, unless acted on by a nonzero net
force.
Mass and Inertia
 Inertia
 tendency of an object to continue in its original state
of motion.
 Mass
a measure of the object’s resistance to changes in its
motion due to a force.
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
 The acceleration of an object is directly

proportional to the net force acting on it and
inversely proportional to its mass.
example1

 An airboat with mass kg, including passengers, has an
engine that produces a net horizontal force of N, after
accounting for forces of resistance (a) Find the acceleration
of the airboat. (b) Starting from rest, how long does it take
the airboat to reach a speed of 12.0 m/s? (c) After reaching
this speed, the pilot turns off the engine and drifts to a stop
over a distance of 50.0 m. Find the resistance force,
assuming it’s constant.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
The action force is equal in magnitude to the reaction

force and opposite in direction.
Applications of Newton’s Law
Objects in Equilibrium
Type of Forces
Weight
 essentially the force with which gravity pulls downward upon it.
Tensile Force
 Acting on a string, cable or chain is the applied force tending to stretch
it.
Friction Force
 Tangential force acting on an object that opposes the sliding of that
object across adjacent surface with which it is in contact.
Normal Force
 Supporting force that is perpendicular to the surface
Example 1
The tension
 of the horizontal cord is . Find the weight of the object
Example 2
A rope
 extends between two poles. A boy hangs from it. Find the tensions in the
two parts of the rope.
Activity 1

Teaching Science in The Elementary Grades (Physics, Earth and Space Science)

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Teaching Science in the

Fundamental Quantities Standard Unit in SI

1. Using a pedometer, you walk 3000 steps in 20 minutes, so

 A turtle and a rabbit engage in a footrace over a distance

 A baseball player moves in a straight-line path in order to

 (a) A race car starting from rest accelerates at a constant

 An object moves with a velocity that is constant in

 The acceleration of an object is directly

The action force is equal in magnitude to the reaction

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