Lecture # 03: Systems and Network Administration

Systems and Network Administration
LECTURE # 03
Outline
 Server Environment
 Hardware Cost of Server
 Server maintenance, contracts & spare
parts
 Maintaining Data Integrity
 Server in Data Center
 OS configuration of Client and Server
 Remote Control access service
Server Environment
 Network included more than one connected
computers
 Usually one or more than one computers
are powerful (servers)
 Servers provide requested services to
others (client, workstation)
 Server should have ability to fulfill millions of
requests of hundreds of hardware, software,
users
Hardware Cost of Server
 Desktop can never be replacement of server
Low computing power, memory, storage
Can’t provide services, difficulty manage itself
 Do not under estimate the cost of server
Extensibility- space for more hardware/software
CPU Performance- more CUPs, cost, I/O bound
High Performance- faster I/O System, special hardware resources
Upgrade- upgraded rather replacement
Rack-Mounted- save damage, cooling, repairing advantag
High Availability- Dual power, network connections, RAID
Maintenance Contracts- cost of maintenance
Management Options: remote management, notifications
Reliable Vendor Selection
 Reliable and more experienced vendors
Having years of experience of designing servers
Follow international standards
Learn experience from market
 Consult‫ مشورہ لینا‬with others SAs
System Administrations Guild ‫( ہم خیال لوگوں کی َ تنظیم‬SAGE)
League‫ ِاتحاد‬of Professional System Administrators
(LOPSA)
 Environment can be Homogenous or
heterogeneous
Reliable Vendor Selection
 Homogeneous Environment
Same product line
Easier to maintain
Training is reduced
Maintenance and repairing is easier
 Heterogeneous Environment
You are not locked into one vendor
Better service due to vendors competition
 Usually three product lines
Home, business, server
 Home product line
Usually cheapest initial purchase price
Add-ons cost is higher
 Business product line
Initial purchase price higher than home
Add-ons used infrequently, few spare components
Mostly equipments are leased rather than purchased
 Server product line
Initial high cost for hardware than home & business
Lowest cost per performance
Lowest cost as to a benchmark
More features, more uptime of machine
 Why server cost is higher?
It is all about performance
○ Millions of instructions per day
○ Hundreds of request from dozens of users
○ Redundant or hot-swap hardware reduce down time
Server Maintenance, Contracts & Spare Parts
 Non-Critical Servers
Default repair or may even no contract
 Large group of similar servers/machines
Purchase a spare kit to repair/replace by local staff
Kit cost is shared among many servers
 Controlled Introduction
Few components need up gradation rather repair or
replacement
Controlling is balancing of components in repair kits
Server Maintenance, Contracts & Spare Parts
 Critical Host
impossible to have fully stocked spare kit
Keep commonly failed components in kit
Should be replaced rather than maintaining a contract
 Large variety of servers from same vendor
Manage an on-site technician
SA ensures, technician will spend all time on-site
 Highly critical host
Contract includes an on-site technician and a
duplicate machine to swap
Server Maintenance, Contracts & Spare
Parts
 What happened if critical server is not in
contract list?
Include it in contract list immediately
Contact a vendor/salesman having good experience
Pay 10% more than quoted contract price
 Review contract list periodically
Quarterly or at least annually
Ensure new servers are in list and outdated are
deleted
Parts
 3 ways to prevent a host being left out from
service contract
Cross-reference inventory system with service
contract list
Appoint a responsible person to handle it if in
case of multiple service contracts and vendors
Fix problem raising from warranties issues
○ Warranty system should not be in the contract list
Parts
 Service contracts are reactive solutions rather
than proactive solutions
 Cross-shipped in contract service are important
for speedy repair
Vendor use Return Merchandise Authorization)RMA
for cross-shipped
Vendor request credit card info to secure themselves
Vendor will not ship the replacement part until they
receive the broken part
Parts
 Purchasing a spare-parts kit
Kit should one part of each component
Faster repair time
Remove dependency on vendor
Less costly than dual system (hardware + software)
Need to maintain one service contract of replacement
Managing many kits will be costly
○ Duplication of components cost
○ More than one service contracts

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