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    Automobile Transmission: Manual and Automatic Transmission

    Uploaded by

    Rafael Berte
    A transmission adapts the output of an internal combustion engine to the drive wheels of a vehicle. It allows the engine to operate at its optimal speed while allowing wheels to rotate at slower speeds appropriate for driving. There are two main types of transmission - manual, which requires driver operation of the clutch and gear stick, and automatic, which changes gears automatically using hydraulic mechanisms like planetary gears and fluid couplings. Modern automatic transmissions are more efficient and faster than older designs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Automobile Transmission: Manual and Automatic Transmission

    Uploaded by

    Rafael Berte
    56 views14 pages
    A transmission adapts the output of an internal combustion engine to the drive wheels of a vehicle. It allows the engine to operate at its optimal speed while allowing wheels to rotate at slower speeds appropriate for driving. There are two main types of transmission - manual, which requires driver operation of the clutch and gear stick, and automatic, which changes gears automatically using hydraulic mechanisms like planetary gears and fluid couplings. Modern automatic transmissions are more efficient and faster than older designs.

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    Automobile

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    A transmission adapts the output of an internal combustion engine to the drive wheels of a vehicle. It allows the engine to operate at its optimal speed while allowing wheels to rotate at slower speeds appropriate for driving. There are two main types of transmission - manual, which requires driver operation of the clutch and gear stick, and automatic, which changes gears automatically using hydraulic mechanisms like planetary gears and fluid couplings. Modern automatic transmissions are more efficient and faster than older designs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views14 pages

    Automobile Transmission: Manual and Automatic Transmission

    Uploaded by

    Rafael Berte
    A transmission adapts the output of an internal combustion engine to the drive wheels of a vehicle. It allows the engine to operate at its optimal speed while allowing wheels to rotate at slower speeds appropriate for driving. There are two main types of transmission - manual, which requires driver operation of the clutch and gear stick, and automatic, which changes gears automatically using hydraulic mechanisms like planetary gears and fluid couplings. Modern automatic transmissions are more efficient and faster than older designs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Automobile

    Transmission
    Manual and Automatic
    Transmission
    TRANSMISSION
    A transmission is a machine in a 
    power transmission system, which
    provides controlled application of power.
    Often the term 5-speed
    transmission refers simply to
    the gearbox, that uses gears and 
    gear trains to provide speed and torque
     conversions from a rotating power
    source to another device.
    The most common use is in motor vehicles
    , where the transmission adapts the output
    of the internal combustion engine to the
    drive wheels. Such engines need to operate
    at a relatively high rotational speed, which is
    inappropriate for starting, stopping, and
    slower travel.
    AUTOMOTIVE BASICS
    The need for a transmission in an automobile is a
    consequence of the characteristics of the 
    internal combustion engine. Engines typically operate over
    a range of 600 to about 7000 rpm (though this varies, and is
    typically less for diesel engines), while the car's wheels
    rotate between 0 RPM and around 1800 RPM (revolution
    per minute).
    Many transmissions and gears used in 
    automotive and truck applications are
    contained in a cast iron case, though more
    frequently aluminum is used for lower weight
    especially in cars. There are usually three
    shafts: the main shaft, a countershaft, and an
    idler shaft.
    Manual transmissions come in two basic types:

    •A simple but rugged sliding-mesh or unsynchronized/non-


    synchronous system, where straight-cut spur gear sets spin freely
    and must be synchronized by the operator matching engine revs to
    road speed, to avoid noisy and damaging clashing of the gears
    •The now ubiquitous constant-mesh gearboxes, which can
    be/include unsynchronized/non-synchronized,
    or synchronized/synchromesh systems, where typically diagonal-
    cut helical gear sets are constantly "meshed" together, and a dog
    clutch is used for changing gears. On synchromesh 'boxes, friction
    cones or "synchro-rings" are used in addition to the dog clutch to
    closely match the rotational speeds of the two sides of the
    (declutched) transmission before making a full mechanical
    engagement.
    The former type was standard in many vintage cars
    (alongside; e.g., epicyclic and multi-clutch systems) before
    the development of constant-mesh manuals and hydraulic-
    epicyclic automatics, older heavy-duty trucks, and can still
    be found in use in some agricultural equipment. The latter is
    the modern standard for on- and off-road transport manual
    and automated manual transmissions, although it may be
    found in many forms; e.g., non-synchronized straight-cut in
    a racetrack or super-heavy-duty applications, non-synchro
    helical-cut in the majority of heavy-trucks and motorcycles,
    and in certain classic cars (e.g., the Fiat 500), and partly- or
    fully-synchronized helical in almost all modern manual-
    shift passenger cars and light trucks.
    AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

    Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing as used in an


    automatic transmission.
    Automatic transmissions are easy to use. However, in
    the past, some automatic transmissions of this type
    have had a number of problems; they were complex
    and expensive, sometimes had reliability problems
    have often been less fuel-efficient than their manual
    counterparts, and their shift time was slower than a
    manual making them uncompetitive for racing. With
    the advancement of modern automatic transmissions,
    this has changed.
    Clutchless manual / Semi-automatic
    Semi-automatic transmission denotes a multi-speed motor
    vehicle transmission where part of its operation
    is automated (typically the clutch actuation), but the driver's
    input is still required to manually change gear ratios. Most
    semi-automatic transmissions used in cars and motorcycles are
    based on conventional manual transmissions or a sequential
    manual transmission, but use an automatic clutch system.
    However, some semi-automatic transmissions have also been
    based on standard hydraulic automatic transmissions, with
    a fluid coupling or torque converter.
    Sequential Manual
    is a type of multi-speed 
    non-synchronous manual transmission,
    which only allows the driver to select
    either the next gear (e.g., shifting from
    second gear to first gear) or the
    previous gear (e.g. shifting from second
    gear to third gear), in a successive
    order.
    DUAL CLUTCH TRANSMISSION
    is a type of multi-
    speed vehicle transmission system, that uses
    two separate clutches for odd and even gear
    sets. The design is often similar to two
    separate manual transmissions with their
    respective clutches contained within one
    housing, and working as one unit. In car and
    truck applications, the DCT functions as
    an automatic transmission, requiring no
    driver input to change gears.
    Continuously variable
    -a transmission in which the ratio of the
    rotational speeds of two shafts, as the input shaft
    and output shaft of a vehicle or other machine,
    can be varied continuously within a given range,
    providing an infinite number of possible ratios.
    The CVT allows the driver or a computer to select
    the relationship between the speed of the engine
    and the speed of the wheels within a continuous
    range. This can provide even better fuel economy
    if the engine constantly runs at a single speed.
    The transmission is, in theory, capable of better
    user experience, without the rise and fall in the
    speed of an engine, and the jerk felt when
    Electric variable
    The Electric Variable Transmission (EVT or e-
    CVT) combines a transmission with an electric
    motor to provide the illusion of a single CVT. In
    the common implementation, a gasoline engine is
    connected to a traditional transmission, which is
    in turn connected to an epicyclic gear system's
    planet carrier. An electric motor/generator is
    connected to the central "sun" gear, which is
    normally un-driven in typical epicyclic systems.
    Both sources of power can be fed into the
    transmission's output at the same time, splitting
    power between them.
    Direct-drive mechanism

    A direct-drive mechanism is where


    the transmitting of mechanical power
     and torque from an electric motor to
    the output device (such as the driven
    wheels of a car) occurs without any 
    gearing reductions.

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