Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 38 views

    The Weld Joint, Quality, and Testing

    Uploaded by

    Arun t n

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Weld Joint, Quality, and Testing

    Uploaded by

    Arun t n
    38 views12 pages

    Original Title

    The Weld joint, Quality, and Testing

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views12 pages

    The Weld Joint, Quality, and Testing

    Uploaded by

    Arun t n

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Weld joint

    Three distinct zones


    I. Base metal
    2. Heat-affected zone
    3. Weld metal.

    Autogenous - resolidified
    base metal.
    weld metal- a mixture of the
    base and the filler metals.
    Solidification of the Weld Metal
    • The solidification process is similar to that in casting and begins with the formation
    of columnar (dendritic) grains.
    • These grains are relatively long and form parallel to the heat flow.
    • Because metals are much better heat conductors than the surrounding air, the
    grains lie parallel to the plane of the two components being welded.
    Grain structure and grain size depend on
    • specific metal alloy,
    • the particular welding process employed,
    • the type of filler metal

    • the weld metal basically has a cast structure


    • Cooled slowly, it has coarse grains. Consequently, this structure generally has low
    strength, toughness, and ductility.
    • However, the proper selection of filler-metal composition or of heat treatments
    following welding can improve the mechanical properties of the joint.
    Heat-affected Zone.
    • The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is within the base metal itself. It has a
    microstructure different from that of the base metal prior to welding, because it
    has been temporarily subjected to elevated temperatures during welding.
    • The portions of the base metal that are far enough away from the heat source do
    not undergo any microstructural changes during welding because of the far lower
    temperature to which they are subjected.
    • The properties and microstructure of the HAZ depend on
    (a) the rate of heat input and cooling and
    (b) the temperature to which this zone was raised.
    © metallurgical factors (such as the original grain size, grain orientation)
    (d)physical properties (such as the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the
    metals)
    • The heat applied during welding recrystallizes the elongated grains of
    the coldworked base metal.
    • On the one hand, grains that are away from the weld metal will
    recrystallize into fine, equiaxed grains.
    • On the other hand, grains close to the weld metal have been
    subjected to elevated temperatures for a longer time.
    • Consequently, the grains will grow in size (grain growth), and this
    region will be softer and have lower strength. Such a joint will be
    weakest at its HAZ.
    Weldability
    • Weldability is the capacity of a metal or combination of metals to be
    welded into a suitably designed structure, and for the resulting weld
    joint(s) to possess the required metallurgical properties to perform
    satisfactorily in the intended service.
    • Good weldability is characterized by the ease with which the welding
    process is accomplished, absence of weld defects, and acceptable
    strength, ductility, and toughness in the welded joint.
    Factors that affect weldability include
    (1) welding process,
    (2) base metal properties,
    (3) filler metal
    (4) surface conditions.
    (1) welding process
    stainless steel can be readily welded by most AW processes, but is
    considered a difficult metal for oxyfuel welding.

    (2) base metal properties


    • Important properties include melting point, thermal conductivity, and
    coefficient of thermal expansion.
    (3) filler metal
    • If a filler metal is used, it must be compatible with the base metal(s).
    • In general, elements mixed in the liquid state that form a solid
    solution upon solidification will not cause a problem.

    (4) surface conditions.


    • moisture can result in porosity in the fusion zone.
    • Oxides and other solid films on the metal surfaces can prevent
    adequate contact and fusion from occurring
    Weld Quality

    You might also like