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    Life of Indigenous People in America

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    Anshika Garg
    Indigenous people in North America lived in bands and ate foods like fish, meat, and maize. They had no extensive agriculture or large empires. When Europeans arrived, natives were welcoming but had different views of trade and land ownership. Europeans saw natives as uncivilized and themselves as civilized. As European settlement expanded, natives lost their lands through treaties and forced relocations. Gold rushes and industrialization transformed the US economy and Westward expansion continued taking native lands. Later policies attempted to assimilate or give some rights back to native communities.

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    Life of Indigenous People in America

    Uploaded by

    Anshika Garg
    45 views13 pages
    Indigenous people in North America lived in bands and ate foods like fish, meat, and maize. They had no extensive agriculture or large empires. When Europeans arrived, natives were welcoming but had different views of trade and land ownership. Europeans saw natives as uncivilized and themselves as civilized. As European settlement expanded, natives lost their lands through treaties and forced relocations. Gold rushes and industrialization transformed the US economy and Westward expansion continued taking native lands. Later policies attempted to assimilate or give some rights back to native communities.

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    indigenous people struggle

    Original Title

    LIFE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN AMERICA

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    Indigenous people in North America lived in bands and ate foods like fish, meat, and maize. They had no extensive agriculture or large empires. When Europeans arrived, natives were welcoming but had different views of trade and land ownership. Europeans saw natives as uncivilized and themselves as civilized. As European settlement expanded, natives lost their lands through treaties and forced relocations. Gold rushes and industrialization transformed the US economy and Westward expansion continued taking native lands. Later policies attempted to assimilate or give some rights back to native communities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    45 views13 pages

    Life of Indigenous People in America

    Uploaded by

    Anshika Garg
    Indigenous people in North America lived in bands and ate foods like fish, meat, and maize. They had no extensive agriculture or large empires. When Europeans arrived, natives were welcoming but had different views of trade and land ownership. Europeans saw natives as uncivilized and themselves as civilized. As European settlement expanded, natives lost their lands through treaties and forced relocations. Gold rushes and industrialization transformed the US economy and Westward expansion continued taking native lands. Later policies attempted to assimilate or give some rights back to native communities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    LIFE OF

    INDIGENOUS
    PEOPLE IN AMERICA
    HISTORY PRESENTATION BY ANSHIKA GARG(11-H1)
    • Natives or the indigenous people means the first
    people who lived in any region and not later

    WHO
    immigrants.
    • They are the people born in the place he/she lives
    in.
    WERE • Till the 20th century this term was used by the
    Europeans to refer to inhabitants of their colonies.
    NATIVES? • The names of their tribes were something that
    they were not connected to.
    • Examples: Dakota, Cherokee, Pontiac, Mohawk
    Shelter and food:
    • Lived in bands. They ate fish, meat, cultivated vegetables and
    maize. Killed as many animals as they needed for food(Wild
    Bison)

    Lifestyle of
    Peaceful lives:
    • No extensive agriculture. They did not produce a surplus.

    people in
    • They did not develop kingdoms and empires as in Central and
    South America.
    • Goods were obtained not by buying them, but as gifts.

    North Skilled People:


    • Numerous languages

    America • Believed time moved in cycles


    • Each tribe had accounts of their origins and earlier history.
    • Skilled craftspeople and wove beautiful textiles.
    • Read the land – understand the climates ,landscapes
    ● Native peoples were friendly and welcoming to Europeans
    ● Europeans came to trade in fish and furs
    ● They got the help of the natives who were expert at
    Reactions hunting.
    ● The natives held regular gatherings to exchange

    of natives handicrafts unique to a tribe or food items not available in


    other regions.(along the Mississippi river)

    to coming ● In exchange for local products the Europeans gave the


    natives blankets, iron vessels guns, ,and alcohol.
    ● This alcohol was something the natives had not known
    of earlier, and they became addicted to it, which suited the
    Europeans, because it enabled them to dictate terms of

    Europeans
    trade.

    • The Europeans acquired from the natives an addiction to


    tobacco
    • To the natives, the goods they exchanged with the
    Europeans were gifts, given in friendship

    How • For Europeans, goods like the fish and furs were
    commodities

    natives • Natives had no sense of the profit or ‘market’ in far


    away Europe.

    perceived • Saddened by the greed of the Europeans


    • Europeans had slaughtered hundreds of beavers for

    Europeans fur, and the natives feared that the animals would
    take revenge

    ? • The natives, who grew crops not for sale and profit,
    and thought it wrong to ‘own’ the land.
    • Many folk tales of the natives mocked Europeans
    and described them as greedy and deceitful
    • Western Europeans called themselves ‘civilised’ people
    in terms of literacy, an organised religion and urbanism.
    • The natives of America were ‘uncivilised' to Europeans

    How • Europeans imagined the forests cut down and replaced


    by cornfields.

    Europeans • Thomas Jefferson, third President of the USA, ‘This


    unfortunate race which we have been taking so much

    perceive
    pains to civilise.. have justified extermination’
    • The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, said
    native people were to be admired, as they were
    native untouched by the corruptions of ‘civilisation’.
    • A popular term for native people was ‘the noble
    people? savage’
    • English poet William Wordsworth indicated people
    living close to nature had only limited powers of
    imagination and emotion
    • Religious persecution-There were groups of Europeans who were
    being persecuted because they were of a different sect of
    Christianity (Protestants living in predominantly Catholic
    countries, or Catholics in countries where Protestantism was the
    official religion).

    EUROPEAN • Some of the migrants from Britain and France were younger
    sons who would not inherit their fathers’ property and therefore
    IMMIGRAT were eager to own land in America.

    ION TO • There were waves of immigrants from countries like Germany,


    Sweden and Italy who had lost their lands to big farmers, and
    AMERICA wanted farms they could own.

    • People from Poland were happy to work in the prairie grasslands,


    which reminded them of the steppes of their homes, and were
    excited at being able to buy huge properties at very low prices.
    Civil war in USA (1861-65)

    • In 1861-65, there was a war between the states that


    wanted to retain slavery and those supporting abolition.
    • Southern states supported slavery (Agriculture and-
    plantations dominated in south )

    SLAVERY • Northern states were against slavery(did not depend on


    plantations)

    IN USA • The Northern states won.


    • Slavery was abolished(1865)
    • It was only in the 20th century that the African
    Americans were able to win the battle for civil liberties,
    and segregation between ‘whites’ and ‘non-whites’ in
    schools and public transport was ended.
    • In the USA, as settlement expanded, the natives were induced or
    forced to move, after signing treaties selling their land.
    • The prices paid were very low
    • There were instances when the Americans (a term used to mean

    NATIVE the European people of the USA) cheated them by taking more
    land or paying less than promised.

    LOSE
    • Even high officials saw nothing wrong in depriving the native
    peoples of their land.
    • The natives were pushed westward

    THEIR • The Natives were locked off in small areas called ‘reservations’,
    which often was land with which they had no earlier connection.

    LAND • The US army crushed a series of rebellions from 1865 to 1890


    • In Canada there were armed revolts by the Metis between 1869
    and 1885
    THE TRAIL OF TEARS EUROPEANS JUSTIFICATION
    • In 1832, an important judgment was announced by ● The natives did not deserve to occupy land which
    the US Chief Justice, John Marshall. they did not use to the maximum.
    • He said that the Cherokees were ‘a distinct
    ● The natives are lazy, since they did not use their
    community, occupying its own territory in which
    the laws of Georgia had no force’, and that they crafts skills to produce goods for the market
    had sovereignty in certain matters
    ● The natives are not interested in learning English
    • US President Andrew Jackson refused to honour
    the Chief Justice’s judgment. ● They are not dressing ‘correctly’ (which meant like
    • He ordered the US army to evict the Cherokees the Europeans).
    from their land and drive them to the Great ● They deserved to ‘die out’, they argued.
    American Desert.
    • Of the 15,000 people thus forced to go, over a ● A visiting Frenchman wrote 'Primitive man will
    quarter died along the ‘Trail of Tears’. disappear with the primitive animal’
    DEVELOPING ECONOMY
    GOLD RUSH INDUSTRIALISATION
     In the 1840s, traces of gold were found in the USA, • To manufacture railway equipment so that rapid
    in California. transport could link distant places
    • To produce machinery which would make large-
     This led to the ‘Gold Rush’, when thousands of scale farming easier
    eager Europeans hurried to America in the hope of
    making a quick fortune.  Large-scale agriculture also expanded.

     This led to the building of railway lines across the  Vast areas were cleared and divided up into farms.
    continent, for which thousands of Chinese workers  The USA was setting up its own colonies – in
    were recruited. Hawaii and the Philippines.
     The USA’s railway was completed by 1870,Canada  It had become an imperial power.
    by 1885.
    • 1928- Lewis Meriam wrote about backwardness of native people
    in his book 'The problem of Indian administration’

    WINDS
    • The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934, gave natives in
    reservations the right to buy land and take loans.

    OF • In the 1950s and 1960s, the US and Canadian governments


    thought of ending all special provisions for the natives in the hope
    that they would ‘join the mainstream’, that is, adopt European

    CHANGE
    culture.
    • In 1954, in the ‘Declaration of Indian Rights’ prepared by them, a
    number of native peoples accepted citizenship of the USA but on

    FOR condition that their reservations would not be taken away and
    their traditions would not be interfered with.

    NATIVES • In Canada in 1982, the Constitution Act accepted the existing


    aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives.

    • Today, it is clear that the native peoples of both countries able to


    assert their right to their own cultures
    THANK YOU
    BY ANSHIKA GARG (11-H1)

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