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    Leprosy - Mumal Bakliwal

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    Ani Sharma
    This document provides an overview of leprosy, including its history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and the pharmacist's role. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and primarily transmitted through droplets. It has a long incubation period ranging from a few weeks to 40 years. Clinically, it presents as hypopigmented patches and thickened nerves with loss of sensation. Leprosy is classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary depending on bacterial load. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms. Treatment involves multidrug therapy regiments of rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 12-24

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    Leprosy - Mumal Bakliwal

    Uploaded by

    Ani Sharma
    23 views13 pages
    This document provides an overview of leprosy, including its history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and the pharmacist's role. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and primarily transmitted through droplets. It has a long incubation period ranging from a few weeks to 40 years. Clinically, it presents as hypopigmented patches and thickened nerves with loss of sensation. Leprosy is classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary depending on bacterial load. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms. Treatment involves multidrug therapy regiments of rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 12-24

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    Leprosy­­_mumal bakliwal

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    This document provides an overview of leprosy, including its history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and the pharmacist's role. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and primarily transmitted through droplets. It has a long incubation period ranging from a few weeks to 40 years. Clinically, it presents as hypopigmented patches and thickened nerves with loss of sensation. Leprosy is classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary depending on bacterial load. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms. Treatment involves multidrug therapy regiments of rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 12-24

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views13 pages

    Leprosy - Mumal Bakliwal

    Uploaded by

    Ani Sharma
    This document provides an overview of leprosy, including its history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and the pharmacist's role. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and primarily transmitted through droplets. It has a long incubation period ranging from a few weeks to 40 years. Clinically, it presents as hypopigmented patches and thickened nerves with loss of sensation. Leprosy is classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary depending on bacterial load. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms. Treatment involves multidrug therapy regiments of rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 12-24

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    You are on page 1of 13

    LEPROSY

    CONTENT
    • Introduction
    • History
    • Epidemiology
    • Mode of transmission
    • Clinical features
    • Types/Classification
    • Diagnosis
    • Complications
    • Treatment
    • Pharmacist role
    HISTORY

    • Laprae was discovered by G.A Hansen in 1873


    • It was the first bacterium to be identified as causing disease in ma.
    • Treatment for leprosy only appeared in the late 1940s with the
    introduction of dapsone and its derivatives .
    EPIDEMIOLOGY

    • Worldwide , 2 to 3 million people are estimated to be permanently disabled because of


    leprosy
    • India has the greatest number of cases.
    • Brazil second
    • Indonesia third

    AGE :
    • All ages from early infancy to very old age
    • Youngest age reported is one and half month
    SEX :
    • Both male and female
    • Male more than females

    ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS :
    • Over crowding
    • Humidity
    • Malnutrition
    • Elimination achieved in 2000
    INCUBATION PERIOD

    • The incubation period is long and variable


    • The minimum incubation period cab be few weeks
    • The maximum incubation period is 10-40 years
    • Symptoms can be taken as long as 2 years to appear
    CLASSIFICATION

    Leprosy can be classified on the basis of clinical manifestations and skin smear
    results.
    1. PAUCIBACILLARY Leprosy (PB) : Based on skin smears, patients showing
    negative smears at all sites are grouped as paucibacillary.
    2. MULTIBACILLARY Leprosy (MB) : those showing positive smears at all
    sites are grouped as multibacillary leprosy
    TRANSMISSION

    • Exact mechanism of transmission is not known


    • Transmitted via droplets, from the nose and mouth, during close and frequent
    contact with untreated cases
    • Tattooing needles
    • Genetic influence
    • The disease isn’t highly contagious. However ,close ,repeated with an untreated
    person for a long period of time can lead to contracting leprosy
    CLINICAL FEATURES

    • Leprosy is caused by an acid fast, rod shaped bacillus, mycobacterium laprae


    • M. Leprae multiples very slowly
    • Symptom can take as long as 20 years to appear
    • Hypo pigmented patches appears
    • Thickened nerves
    • Skin lesions, eye damage
    • Loss of cutaneous sensation
    PATHOGENESIS

    • Leprosy targets Schwann cell


    • Causes anthesis muscle paralysis
    • Repeated injuries to aesthetes areas leads to gradual destruction
    • Infiltration of skin, subcutaneous lesions leads to formation of visible lesions
    • A non specific or intermediate skin lesions is the first sing of disease
    DIAGNOSIS

    • Most commonly based on signs and symptoms


    • In an endemic or an area , an individual should be regarded as having leprosy if he or she shows
    on of the sign or symptom
    • Consistent skin lesion, with or without thickened nerves
    • Positives skin smears
    • Sensory loss
     DIAGNOSIS : clinical examination
    TREATMENT REGIMEN

    Adults with multibacillary , MDT for 12 months


    • Rifampicin (600 mg ) once a month
    • Dapsone (100 mg ) once a day
    • Clofazimine (50 mg ) one a day and (300 mg ) once a month
    Adults with paucibacillary
    • Rifampicin (600 mg ) once a month
    • Dapsone (100 mg )once a day
    THANK YOU
    • Name – Mumal Bakliwal
    • Enrollment Number – 190821203002

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