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    Dementia: Mr. Hari Krishna G L

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    HARI KRISHNA G L
    Dementia is a syndrome caused by brain disease that results in progressive cognitive decline and impairment in daily functioning. It is chronic and irreversible. The prevalence of dementia increases greatly with age, affecting 1% of those under 60 but 15-20% of those over 80. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Risk factors include age, family history, gender, education level, depression, head trauma, and medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms include memory loss, impaired thinking, personality changes, and decreased functional ability. Care involves establishing routines, clear communication, ensuring safety, managing behaviors, and addressing activities of daily living.

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    Dementia: Mr. Hari Krishna G L

    Uploaded by

    HARI KRISHNA G L
    104 views28 pages
    Dementia is a syndrome caused by brain disease that results in progressive cognitive decline and impairment in daily functioning. It is chronic and irreversible. The prevalence of dementia increases greatly with age, affecting 1% of those under 60 but 15-20% of those over 80. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Risk factors include age, family history, gender, education level, depression, head trauma, and medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms include memory loss, impaired thinking, personality changes, and decreased functional ability. Care involves establishing routines, clear communication, ensuring safety, managing behaviors, and addressing activities of daily living.

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    Dementia care

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    dementia

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    Dementia is a syndrome caused by brain disease that results in progressive cognitive decline and impairment in daily functioning. It is chronic and irreversible. The prevalence of dementia increases greatly with age, affecting 1% of those under 60 but 15-20% of those over 80. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Risk factors include age, family history, gender, education level, depression, head trauma, and medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms include memory loss, impaired thinking, personality changes, and decreased functional ability. Care involves establishing routines, clear communication, ensuring safety, managing behaviors, and addressing activities of daily living.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    104 views28 pages

    Dementia: Mr. Hari Krishna G L

    Uploaded by

    HARI KRISHNA G L
    Dementia is a syndrome caused by brain disease that results in progressive cognitive decline and impairment in daily functioning. It is chronic and irreversible. The prevalence of dementia increases greatly with age, affecting 1% of those under 60 but 15-20% of those over 80. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Risk factors include age, family history, gender, education level, depression, head trauma, and medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms include memory loss, impaired thinking, personality changes, and decreased functional ability. Care involves establishing routines, clear communication, ensuring safety, managing behaviors, and addressing activities of daily living.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Dementia

    Mr. HARI KRISHNA G L


    Scope of the session
     What is dementia?
     Causes, risk factors and types of dementia
     Symptoms of dementia
     Care of dementia patient’s
    Dementia
     Syndrome due to disease of the brain
     Chronic or progressive in nature, irreversible
     Disturbances of multiple higher cortical functions
     Consciousness is not clouded/impaired
     Occasionally deterioration in emotional control,
    social behavior
    Epidemiology
     Prevalence rate: 3-5%
     Prevalence increases with age
     1% under the age 60 years
     15-20% by the age of 80 years
     10% of all persons aged 65 yrs & above
     35-50% exhibit clinical signs
     Women form majority than men due to ???

    www.alz.co.uk, www.alzheimerindia.org
    Types
    Reversible types:
     Depressive pseudo dementia

     Due to hypothyroidism

     Due to brain tumor

    Irreversible types:
     Alzheimer’s disease

     Multi infarct dementia

     AIDS dementia complex


    Risk factors

    Non modifiable risk factors Modifiable risk factors

     Age  Vascular Disease


     Hypertension
     Family history +  Diabetes
     Female sex  Dyslipidaemia
     Depression  Nutritional deficiency (Vit B)
     Smoking
     Head trauma  Alcohol
     Mutation on  Obesity
    1,14,21chromosome  Diet

    THE DEMENTIA INDIA REPORT 2010


    Investigations
     Blood studies ( Hb, LFT, Vitamin assays,
    electrolytes)
     ECG, EEG
     CSF analysis
     Radiology
     X ray
     CT Scan, MRI ( vascular dementia)
    Clinical picture
     Personality changes:
     Decreased drive, lack of interest, mental fatigability,
    withdrawal from environment
     Memory impairment:
     Cognitive impairment:
     Difficulty in naming objects, aphasia, circumstantiality
    Stages of dementia (Alzheimer's association, 2005)

     Stage 1: No apparent symptoms/decline in memory


     Stage 2: Forgetfulness
     Names of people, short term memory loss, aware of
    intellectual decline, maintains schedule
     Stage 3: Mild cognitive decline
     Interference in work, concentration, recalling names
     Stage 4: Mild to moderate – Confusion
     Forgets major events, managing finance, confabulate
    Stages contd…
     Stage 5: Moderate cognitive decline - Early
    dementia
     Little compromise in ADL, disorientation but intact
    knowledge about self

     Stage 6: Moderate to severe – Middle dementia


     ADL compromise, incontinence, sun downing, sleep
    disturbance, may require institutional care
    Contd..
     Stage 7: Severe cognitive decline
     End stage of Alzheimer’s disease
     Chair/bed bound
     ADL completely compromised
     Immobility
     Risk for infections
     Speech and language impairment
     Socially withdrawn
    CARE OF DEMENTIA
    Care for dementia patients
     Establish daily routine
     Make things simple
     Promote independence
     Improve self esteem
     Humor sense
     Safety concerns
     Quality of life
    Communication
     Trust, security, care and support through verbal and
    non verbal communication.
     Tone of communication should be calm and relaxed
     Simple words and short sentences
     Distraction at times
     Non verbal communication…
    Physical interventions
     Physical health
     Daily hygiene and grooming- self esteem
    Nutritional interventions
     On going nutrition
     Problems occur during feeding include refusing to
    open the mouth, pocketting food in their cheeks,
    refusing to swallow, coughing, chocking etc
     Having meals at the same place at same time each
    day
     Small, frequent meals and snacks
    Mental interventions
     Reality orientation
     Written messages may become meaningless but
    picture evoke a response.
     Use of clock, calendars in their environment
     Daily orientation to care givers and daily tasks.
    Behavioral interventions
     Behaviors are a form of communication and it may
    be the dementia clients primary method of
    communicating needs.
     Recognize behaviors
     Disruptive behaviors are a result of disease; not a
    deliberate action.
    Behavioral problems
     Personal hygiene
     Dressing and grooming
     Incontinence
     Repeated questioning
     Dependence
     Violence
     Wandering
     Weakness, depressed, sleeplessness
    Wandering
     Reduce excessive stimulation
     Provide familiar objects, signs, pictures
     Provide safe area to move around
     Monitor medication
     Institute toileting schedule- place signs or pictures
    in bathroom
     Exit signs/provide identification
    Difficulty with personal care tasks
     Divide task into simple steps
     Be patient, allow ample time, try again later
     Demonstrate action/task
     State instructions 1 step at a time
    Suspiciousness/ paranoia
     Do not argue/do not take personally
     Distract
     Introduce self and role routinely
     Reassure, set routine
     provide familiar social opportunities
     Medical evaluation
    Incontinence
     Provide for privacy
     Simplify clothing, use elastic waist bands
     Contrast colours on toilet and floor
     Step by step routine
     independence
    Sleep disturbance
     Medical evaluation
     Prescribe antidepressant (bed time)
     Plan more day time exercise
     Provide night time snack
     Ensure clear well lit pathway to toilet
    Implementations
     Client safety
     Reality orientation
     Simple explanations
     Addressing ADL
     Activity scheduling
     Self care needs
     Nutrition
     Supporting the care givers
     Medications
    THANK YOU

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