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    Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome HHNS

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    Kyle Ü D. Cunaners
    Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a condition caused by very high blood glucose levels in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes or improper diabetes medication use. It is diagnosed based on symptoms like extreme thirst and confusion, and blood tests showing glucose over 600 mg/dL and normal ketone levels. Treatment involves rapid intravenous fluid replacement to rehydrate the body, intravenous insulin to lower blood glucose, and electrolyte replacement as needed. It is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization.

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    Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome HHNS

    Uploaded by

    Kyle Ü D. Cunaners
    252 views12 pages
    Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a condition caused by very high blood glucose levels in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes or improper diabetes medication use. It is diagnosed based on symptoms like extreme thirst and confusion, and blood tests showing glucose over 600 mg/dL and normal ketone levels. Treatment involves rapid intravenous fluid replacement to rehydrate the body, intravenous insulin to lower blood glucose, and electrolyte replacement as needed. It is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization.

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    Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a condition caused by very high blood glucose levels in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes or improper diabetes medication use. It is diagnosed based on symptoms like extreme thirst and confusion, and blood tests showing glucose over 600 mg/dL and normal ketone levels. Treatment involves rapid intravenous fluid replacement to rehydrate the body, intravenous insulin to lower blood glucose, and electrolyte replacement as needed. It is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    252 views12 pages

    Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome HHNS

    Uploaded by

    Kyle Ü D. Cunaners
    Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a condition caused by very high blood glucose levels in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes or improper diabetes medication use. It is diagnosed based on symptoms like extreme thirst and confusion, and blood tests showing glucose over 600 mg/dL and normal ketone levels. Treatment involves rapid intravenous fluid replacement to rehydrate the body, intravenous insulin to lower blood glucose, and electrolyte replacement as needed. It is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization.

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    Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic nonketotic

    syndrome (HHNS)
    Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a potentially
    deadly condition that can develop as a result of infection or illness in
    people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes or when diabetes medications
    aren't taken as directed. Some also refer to this as a "diabetic coma."
    Signs and Symptoms
    • Blood glucose levels over 600 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl)
    • Frequent urination
    • Extreme thirst
    • Dry mouth
    • Confusion or sleepiness
    • Skin that is warm and dry without sweating
    • Fever (usually over 101 F)
    • Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
    • Loss of vision
    • Hallucinations
    Diagnosis
    • HHNS is diagnosed based on symptoms and by measuring blood glucose
    levels, which can be performed with a finger stick.

    • A blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL and low ketone levels are the main factors
    for diagnosis of HHNS.

    • Serum osmolality, a test that measures the body's water/electrolyte balance,


    also is used to diagnose HHNS. Serum osmolality specifically measures the
    chemicals dissolved in the liquid part of blood (serum), such as sodium,
    chloride, bicarbonate, proteins, and glucose. The test is done by taking a
    sample of blood from a vein.
    Diagnostic Test
    • several lab tests, including blood and urine tests to measure your
    blood sugar level
    • kidney function and to detect infection
    • Electrocardiogram if the patient is having heart problems
    INTERVENTIONS

    • Treatment is similar to that for DKA.


    • Restore circulating blood volume and
    protect against cerebral, coronary, or
    renal hypoperfusion.
    • Treat dehydration with rapid IV infusions
    of 0.9% or 0.45% normal saline (NS) as
    prescribed; dextrose is added to IV fluids
    (D5NS, or 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline)
    when the blood glucose level reaches 250
    to 300 mg/dL.
    • Treat hyperglycemia with regular insulin
    administered intravenously as prescribed.
    • Correct electrolyte imbalances (potassium
    level may be elevated as a result of
    dehydration and acidosis).
    • Monitor potassium level closely because
    when the client receives treatment for the
    dehydration and acidosis, the serum
    potassium level will decrease and
    potassium replacement may be required.
    • Treatment includes fluid replacement, correction of
    electrolyte imbalances, and insulin administration.
    • Fluid replacement in the older client must be done very
    carefully secondary to potential for heart failure.
    • Insulin plays a less critical role in the treatment of HHNS
    than it does for the treatment of DKA because ketosis and
    acidosis do not occur; rehydration alone may decrease
    glucose levels.
    Nursing Diagnosis
    • Risk For Fluid Volume Deficit
    • Risk For Infection
    • Deficient Knowledge
    • Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
    Medical Management
    • Fluids given through a vein (intravenously) to treat dehydration
    • Insulin given through a vein (intravenously) to lower your blood sugar
    levels
    • Potassium and sometimes sodium phosphate replacement given
    through a vein (intravenously) to help your cells function correctly
    • Treatment typically involves starting intravenous (IV) fluids (saline solution
    delivered through a needle into a vein) to rehydrate the body quickly. It also may
    require IV insulin to bring down blood sugar levels.

    • Potassium and sometimes sodium phosphate replenishment may also be required


    to support cell function.2

    • If you are hospitalized due to HHNS, you may be kept overnight for observation.
    The main goal of treatment of this condition is to identify the underlying factors,
    whether that's an infection, a certain medication, or poor blood sugar management.

    • It is imperative that a person experiencing HHNS receive urgent professional


    medical care, as complications may include seizures, coma, swelling of the brain,
    or even death if left untreated

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