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    General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) : Sylvain FIORONI Thierry BOUSSAC

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    Sandeep Polasa
    Here are the answers to the questions: 1. The three 2.5G networks are HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE. 2. The theoretical maximum throughput of GPRS is unreachable because in practice, only coding scheme CS2 is available, not the full CS4, limiting the throughput. 3. The 5 parameters of QoS defined in GPRS are: peak throughput, mean throughput, precedence, reliability and delay. 4. The new nodes introduced with GPRS are the SGSN and GGSN. 5. GTP stands for GPRS Tunnelling Protocol, which is used for encapsulation of packets over lower layers and mainly provides security functions. It also supports

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    General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) : Sylvain FIORONI Thierry BOUSSAC

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    Sandeep Polasa
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    Here are the answers to the questions: 1. The three 2.5G networks are HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE. 2. The theoretical maximum throughput of GPRS is unreachable because in practice, only coding scheme CS2 is available, not the full CS4, limiting the throughput. 3. The 5 parameters of QoS defined in GPRS are: peak throughput, mean throughput, precedence, reliability and delay. 4. The new nodes introduced with GPRS are the SGSN and GGSN. 5. GTP stands for GPRS Tunnelling Protocol, which is used for encapsulation of packets over lower layers and mainly provides security functions. It also supports

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    Here are the answers to the questions: 1. The three 2.5G networks are HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE. 2. The theoretical maximum throughput of GPRS is unreachable because in practice, only coding scheme CS2 is available, not the full CS4, limiting the throughput. 3. The 5 parameters of QoS defined in GPRS are: peak throughput, mean throughput, precedence, reliability and delay. 4. The new nodes introduced with GPRS are the SGSN and GGSN. 5. GTP stands for GPRS Tunnelling Protocol, which is used for encapsulation of packets over lower layers and mainly provides security functions. It also supports

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    75 views26 pages

    General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) : Sylvain FIORONI Thierry BOUSSAC

    Uploaded by

    Sandeep Polasa
    Here are the answers to the questions: 1. The three 2.5G networks are HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE. 2. The theoretical maximum throughput of GPRS is unreachable because in practice, only coding scheme CS2 is available, not the full CS4, limiting the throughput. 3. The 5 parameters of QoS defined in GPRS are: peak throughput, mean throughput, precedence, reliability and delay. 4. The new nodes introduced with GPRS are the SGSN and GGSN. 5. GTP stands for GPRS Tunnelling Protocol, which is used for encapsulation of packets over lower layers and mainly provides security functions. It also supports

    Copyright:

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Sylvain FIORONI 3/11/2002

    Thierry BOUSSAC

    General Packet Radio Service


    (GPRS)

    "This report was prepared for Professor L. Orozco-Barbosa in partial


    fulfillment of the requirements for the course ELG/CEG 4183"
    Outline

    • Context of GPRS
    • Architecture
    • Functioning
    • Future trends
    Context of GPRS
    Data transmission in wireless
    networks

    • Key point of next generations cellular


    networks
    • GSM : uses CSD technology (Circuit
    Switched Data)
    – 9.6 kb/s bandwidth1
    – Essentially text application
    • web browsing, WAP, SMS …
    3G networks

    • 3G : UMTS
    – 384 kb/s – 2Mb/s
    – Multimedia applications : videoconference…
    – Very expensive(1)
    – Technology not yet ready(2)
    • Need for a smooth transition 
    – 2.5 G Networks
    2.5G Networks
    CSD HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS
    9.6kb/s 57.6kb/s 171.2kb/s 384kb/s 2Mb/s

    • HSCSD : High Speed Circuit Switched Data


    • GPRS : General Packet Radio service
    • EDGE : Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
    Architecture of GPRS
    GPRS : General Packet Radio
    service

    • Uses packet switching


    • Dynamic Timeslot allocation
    • Up to 8 timeslots in each direction
    • 4 new coding schemes to reduce error control
    coding upon a sufficient link quality
    • theoretical throughput :
    – 8 timeslots, CS4 : 21.4kb/s => 8*21.4=171.2 kb/s
    – actually, only CS2(1) available => 8*13.4=107.2 kb/s
    GPRS architecture
    GPRS Components

    • SGSN : (Serving GPRS Support Node)


    – Equivalent to MSC in GSM
    • GGSN : (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
    – Equivalent to GMSC in GSM
    • PCU : (Packet Coding Unit)
    – Fragmentation of the packets into radio blocks
    GPRS interfaces
    • GPRS Core Network : IP based network(1)
    – Gn interface between xGSNs
    – Gp interface to other GPRS PLMN
    – Gi interface to other PSDN :
    • Internet, Wap Gateway, Enterprise LANs…
    • GPRS Access Network
    – Gb interface : from SGSN to PCUs
    • Based on Frame Relay
    – PCU-BSC : proprietary interface
    • Called A-ter, A-bis GPRS, A-GPRS…(2)
    GPRS interfaces
    • Signaling Interfaces to GSM network
    (SS7 based) :
    – Gr interface from SGSN to HLR
    – Gs interface from SGSN to MSC/VLR
    – Gd interface from SGSN to GMSC
    – Gc from GGSN to HLR
    – Gf from SGSN to EIR
    –…
    GPRS protocol stack
    GPRS protocol stack
    • Gb Interface :
    – Network Service : part of frame relay network
    (defines end to end virtual circuits : NSVC(1))
    – BSSGP (BSS GPRS Protocol)
    • routing to cells (Virtual Channels : BVC)
    • flow control for each cell and mobile station(2)
    – LLC (Logical Link Control)
    • Very similar to HDLC
    • Ciphering
    GPRS protocol stack
    • Gb interface
    – SNDCP (Sub Network Dependent Converging
    Protocol)
    • encapsulation of IP/X25 packets over lower layers
    • Compression
    – Signalling :
    • GMM (GPRS Mobility Management) : Attach, Routing Area
    Update procedures…
    • SM (Session Management) : PDP Context Activation
    GPRS protocol stack

    • Gn, Gp Interface :
    – Based on TCP/UDP/IP
    – lower layers not specified(1)
    – TCP  X25, UDP  IP
    – GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol)
    • Encapsulation of packets over lower layers
    • mainly security function
    • Signaling functions
    Functioning
    Mobile Classes

    • Class A :
    – can be attached simultaneously to GSM and GPRS
    – can transmit voice and data at the same time
    • Class B :
    – can be attached simultaneously to GSM and GPRS
    – can transmit voice or data
    • Class C :
    – cannot be attached simultaneously to GSM and GPRS
    Attach procedure

    MAP_insert_subscr_data_ack

    MAP_update_location_comp
    MAP_insert_subscr_data
    MAP_update_location
    HLR Radius

    Gr Gi

    BSS Gb SGSN Gn GGSN


    GMM_Attach_Request (IMSI) Gi
    MS GMM_Attach_Accept(P-TMSI)
    Interne
    t
    PDP Context activation

    Auth_request

    Auth_accept
    HLR Radius

    Gr Gi
    GTP Create_PDP_cont_req(APN)

    BSS Gb SGSN Gn GGSN


    GTP Create_PDP_cont_acc(@IP)
    SM_Act_PDP_Context_req(APN) Gi
    MS SM_Act_PDP_Context_resp(@IP)
    Interne
    t
    PDP Context activation

    HLR Radius

    Gr Gi

    BSS Gb SGSN Gn GGSN

    IP source:193.148.25.89 Gi
    MS Dest : 134.214.164.24
    193.148.25.89 Interne
    t
    QoS Management

    • Specification of the requested QoS on PDP


    context activation :
    – Peak throughput Parameters of leaky bucket
    – Mean throughput algorithm in BSSGP
    – Precedence : priority on MAC layer
    – Reliability : Functioning mode of LLC, RLC
    and GTP
    – Delay : responsibility of the operator
    Future trends

    • UMTS ?
    – experiences a lot of delay
    • licence issue
    • very expensive, technology not ready
    – Real need for high rates on mobile networks?
    • Competition with local networks
    • GPRS and 2.5G can be a good compromise
    – may last longer than it was supposed to(2)
    Conclusion

    • Is there a real need for data on cellular


    networks now ?
    – currently too expensive : Mobile terminals,
    Utilization fees…
    – relative failure of WAP…
    – High competition with wireless LANs
    • still waiting for a killer application
    References
    • [1] ETSI 3GPP TS 03.60, Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase
    2+) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service description Stage 2,
    version 7.7.0 Release 1998
    • [2] ETSI 3GPP TS 08.18, Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase
    2+); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Base Station System (BSS) -
    Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP),
    version 8.9.0, Release 1999
    • [3] ETSI(3GPP 03.6, Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase
    2+);General Packet Radio Service (GPRS);Overall description of the GPRS
    radio interface;Stage 2, version 8.9.0 Release 1999
    • [4] Georgios Karagiannis, QoS in GPRS, Ericsson open report 5/0362-FCP
    NB 102 88 Uen, 2000-12-21
    • [5] Xavier LAGRANGE, Philippe GODLEWSKI, Sami TABANNE, Réseaux
    GSM - DCS: des principes à la norme,Paris, HERMES, 1995
    Questions
    • What are the three 2.5G networks ?
    • Why is the theoretical maximum throughput of
    GPRS unreachable ?
    • What are the 5 parameters of QoS defined in
    GPRS ?
    • What are the nodes that have been introduced with
    GPRS ?
    • What is GTP ?

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