Forest Interventions For 606

Study structure and functions of
forestry interventions
Course Number:- FOR (606)

Course Title:- FORESTRY INTERVENTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT AMELIORATION
Submitted to :- Dr. Anil Sood (Professor Entomology)
Submitted By:- Yogesh Y. Sumthane
F-14 -22-D
Ph.D.1st Year
Forestry :- Is an the theory and practice of all that constituents the creation,
conservation and scientific management of forests and the utilization of their
resources.
Forestry interventions :- It is a revolutionary change occur in forestry sector to
face the difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worst.
Roles of Forests
(i) supply of timber, fuel wood, fodder, and a wide range of non-wood products
(ii) natural habitat for bio-diversity and repository of genetic wealth
(iii) provision of recreation and opportunity for ecotourism
(iv) playing an integral part of the watershed to regulate the water regime, conserve
soil, and control floods
(v) carbon sequestration and carbon sink.

Structure of forestry intervention
1.Forest cover
2.ICFRE
3.People participation
4.Private forestry initiatives
5.Forest plantations
6.External assistance
7.NTFP & Medicinal plants development
8.Forest based industries
9.Forest plantations
10.Agro-forestry development
11.Greening India programme
12.Forestry research , education & training
13.Forest survey of India
14.Wild life
15.Forestry agenda
Functions of forestry interventions
Forest cover:-The Forest Survey of India (FSI), using remote sensing technology,
assesses the forest cover of the country.
 The latest assessment on forest cover indicates that 11.48 per cent of the total
geographical area is dense forest (over 40 per cent crown density) and 7.76 per cent is
the open forest (10-40per cent crown density).
• Dense forest 37.73 m ha 11.48%

• Open forest 25.51 m ha 7.76 %
• Mangroves 0.49 m ha 0.15%

ICFRE:- In order to strengthen the system of forestry research in India, the Indian
Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), an autonomous umbrella
organisation, was established in 1986 in Dehradun.
ICFRE has the mandate to undertake, aid, promote and coordinate forestry research
and, its application; function as a clearing house for research results and
information; and disseminate technology.
People’s Participation:- The steady depletion of forest resources and increasing

deforestation led to the realisation that the active and willing participation of the
communities is necessary for the success of any forest regeneration programme.
JFM(Joint Forest Management):-
 Silviculture prescriptions followed for the management of JFM forests must be
sustainable.
 Legal back up to JFM Committees.
 Appropriate institutional and financial mechanisms
 Linking Village Protection Committees with industries for the sale of JFM
produce.
 Detailed projects to be prepared for assistance under Rural Infrastructure
Development Fund (RIDF) of the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural
Development (NABARD) for JFM areas.
‘Food for work’ schemes to be launched to ensure food accessibility and
employment generation for JFM members.
Private forest initiatives:- The private sector comprising individuals/farmers,
cooperatives, and industry has a large role to play in the management of forests.
External assistance:- Approximately 2.57 m ha have been covered under

afforestation and 1,679 million seedlings distributed through these projects at a cost
of Rs.1,700 crore.
The thrust of external assistance is now on implementing projects geared towards
overall development of the forest sector.
The main donors of forestry projects were the World Bank, Japan Bank for
International Cooperation (JBIC), Department for International Development of the
United Kingdom, Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), European
Economic Community (EEC), UNDP, etc.
NTFP and Medicinal Plants Development:-
In situ conservation of medicinal plants is to be done in the protected areas such as sanctuary,
national park, biosphere reserve, etc.
Natural forests rich in medicinal plants should be identified and managed for sustainable
supply of crude drugs.
Bamboo bearing areas should be brought under scientific management. Areas likely to flower
gregariously during the Tenth Plan should be harvested after the formulation of emergency
working plans.
Bamboo products like bamboo laminates, bamboo mat board, bamboo mat-roofing sheets, etc
should substitute wood.
Non timber forest produce (NTFP) will be properly regenerated, harvested, processed and
marketed for improving the economy of forest-dwellers.
Forest Plantations:-
At present, the performance of forest plantations in terms of survival, growth and yield is poor.
The mean annual increment (MAI) of forest plantations varies form about 2 m3/ha/ year for
valuable timber species to about 5-8m3/ha/year for eucalyptus and other fast growing species.
This is far below the MAI of over 10 m3 and about 50 m3/ha/year for good quality plantations
in different countries.
The productivity and success of plantations can be improved by appropriate site selection, site
species matching, planting of elite clones, proper maintenance and protection, timely tending,
thinning, irrigation, application of manures and pesticides, etc.
Agro-Forestry Development:-
• Commercial agro-forestry should be practised in areas where irrigation is
available.
• High-tech modern nurseries to be established on a catchment area basis provide
quality planting material.
• Suitable agro-forestry models to be adopted for rain-fed areas that will
complement agriculture and provide fuelwood, fodder and timber for basic needs.
• Elite clones (higher yielding and disease resistant) of important agro-forestry
species to be developed for different edaphic and climatic conditions.
• Agro-forestry product research, new product development, new designs and
quality standards to be evolved.
• Agro-forestry boards and marketing federations to be promoted to streamline
marketing and trade.
•Greening India Programme:-
• Out of the 328.27 m ha total geographical area of the country, around 300 m ha is
the available productive land.
• The actual forest cover is 63.73 m ha of which only 37.73 m ha has good forests.
• About 20 m ha is covered under tree plantations ( agroforestry, farm forestry,
social forestry and other plantations).
• Thus, in order to bring one-third area under forest/tree cover, 43m ha of area
should be covered under the greening programme over 10 years.
• 15 m ha of degraded forest land to be covered under JFM.
• 10 m ha of irrigated area to be brought under commercial agro-forestry.
• 18 m ha of rain-fed area to be brought under subsistence agro-forestry.

The roadmap for the future development of the forestry sector includes the
following:
1. Increase in forest and tree cover to 25 percent by 2007 and 33 per cent by 2012.
2. Universalisation of JFM to cover all 1.70 lakh villages situated inside or on

fringe of forests to provide livelihood security and employment generation.
3. Priority to agro-forestry, conservation and development of medicinal plants.

4. Promotion of shelter belt plantations to reduce the adverse impact of natural
calamities.
5. Research and technology development to improve productivity and production

of new products along with focus on value addition, improved marketing,
export and productive employment generation.
Wild life:-
The estimated population of cardinal species is:
1. Tiger : over 3,500
2. Elephant : over 27,000
3. Asiatic Lion : over 300
4. Rhinoceros : over 1,700
 Strategy for forest structure and function :-
A basic responsibility to protect and conserve these resources by suitably

modifying unsustainable activities.
1. Strengthening and enhancing the Protected Area network
2. Effective management of Protected Areas
3. Conservation of wild and endangered species and their habitat
4. Restoration of degraded habitats outside Protected Areas
5. Control of poaching and illegal trade in wild animals and plant species
Action for forest structure and function
1. Development of national parks and sanctuaries

2. Project tiger and elephant:-
At present, there are 27 tiger reserves covering an area of 0.38 lakh sq km
in 17 States.
At present, about one lakh sq km area is covered under Project Elephant, out
of which approx. 0.28 lakh sq km is inside Protected Areas.
 Wildlife Institute of India (WII) :-
Endangered species need to be preserved while the population of other animals

should be sustainably managed.
The Institute should generate data and information on maintaining a
sustainable population of each animal for their scientific management.
Cont.....
The idea of sustainable cultivation of musk-deer and extraction of musk, crocodile

products, etc.
 Central Zoo Authority:-

The Authority has been given the responsibility of providing technical and
financial assistance to zoos to enable them to attain the stipulated standards under the
Zoo Recognition Rules 1992.
The path ahead:-

Rural development
Wild life management

People development
Ecological development
Conservation and sustainable use of resources

Cont...........
 The sustainable use of bio-diversity is fundamental to ecologically sustainable

development.
 India is one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world.
However, during the past few decades, industrialisation has put a strain on the
eco-system, altering and even destroying it.
The loss of bio-diversity stems from destruction of the habitat, extension of
agriculture, filling up of wetlands, conversion of rich bio-diversity sites for human
settlement and industrial development, destruction of coastal areas and uncontrolled
commercial exploitation.
Cont.....
Establishment of a protected area network of 88 national parks and 490 wild life
sanctuaries.
A programme of eco-development involving local communities is being
implemented.
A specific programme for the conservation of wetlands, mangroves and coral
reefs is also being implemented.
A centrally sponsored programme of National Lake Conservation was launched
in 1993
The Wild Life Protection Act (1972) is being revised.
Project Tiger, initiated in 1973, has created 27 tiger reserve that led to the
doubling of the tiger population.
Project Elephant, initiated in 1991-92, assists states in ensuring the long-term
survival of elephants in their natural habitats.
The National Committee on the Conservation and Management of Mangroves
and Coral Reefs, set up in September 1998, has recommended the establishment
of an Indian coral reef monitoring network.
Conclusion
Regarding the study of forestry interventions of the forest structure

and function it is help full for a source of livelihood through
harvesting of timber medicinal plants and other forest products as
well as through eco-tourism.
It is a home to numerous flora and fauna.
A place for recreation and relaxation an improvement factor in
climate, noise and pollution control.
Prevention of soil erosion and a natural filter for our water supply.
References
Busby RJN. 1981. Investment appraisal in forestry.
FAO Reports Natraj Publ.
MoEF Department G.O.I.

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Study structure and functions of

Course Number:- FOR (606)

(iii) provision of recreation and opportunity for ecotourism

(v) carbon sequestration and carbon sink.

• Dense forest 37.73 m ha 11.48%

• Mangroves 0.49 m ha 0.15%

People’s Participation:- The steady depletion of forest resources and increasing

External assistance:- Approximately 2.57 m ha have been covered under

• 18 m ha of rain-fed area to be brought under subsistence agro-forestry.

2. Universalisation of JFM to cover all 1.70 lakh villages situated inside or on

3. Priority to agro-forestry, conservation and development of medicinal plants.

5. Research and technology development to improve productivity and production

 Strategy for forest structure and function :-

A basic responsibility to protect and conserve these resources by suitably

1. Strengthening and enhancing the Protected Area network

2. Effective management of Protected Areas

3. Conservation of wild and endangered species and their habitat

4. Restoration of degraded habitats outside Protected Areas

1. Development of national parks and sanctuaries

 Wildlife Institute of India (WII) :-

Endangered species need to be preserved while the population of other animals

The idea of sustainable cultivation of musk-deer and extraction of musk, crocodile

 Central Zoo Authority:-

The path ahead:-

Wild life management

Conservation and sustainable use of resources

 The sustainable use of bio-diversity is fundamental to ecologically sustainable

Regarding the study of forestry interventions of the forest structure

MoEF Department G.O.I.

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