Chemistry Project

Agriculture field in
Jammu &Kashmir
S.Dharnish virkam
ABOUT
Jammu & Kashmir State is predominantly an agrarian economy with
about 80% of its population engaged in agriculture and allied sectors.
The agro-climatic diversity of the State varying from sub-tropical in
Jammu, temperate in Kashmir and cold arid in Ladakh, makes it ideal
for varied cultivation. The goal before the Agriculture Production
Department is to enhance the income of farmers and to generate
employment in agriculture and allied sectors. The strategy adopted
for this purpose is to increase production and productivity of the
crops and to enable farmers to diversify their crop production so as to
take advantage of market opportunities. he main role of the
department is to help farmers to adopt better technology and to
facilitate establishment of infrastructure for farm production and
marketing. New avenues are being explored for investment. The
department is also promoting diversification of agricultural crops to
motivate farmers to move towards low volume-high value crops like
vegetables, medicinal plants and niche products like saffron, raj
mash, mushrooms etc.
BROWN EARTH/BROWN
FOREST SOILS
These soils have been spotted in parts of
Kathua, Udhampur, Doda, Poonch, Rajouri,
Anantnag and Baramulla District. Soil are of silt loam
to clay texture and fine granular subangular
blocky structure. Soil Organic carbon and total
nitrogen contents are nearly uniform up to 60 –70 cm
depth. Soils are slightly to moderately alkaline (pH
7.8 –8.3). Soils may contain up to 10% calcium
carbonate. Their water holding capacity exceeds
40%. They belong to groups Haplustalfs, Ochraualfs,
Eustrochrepts, Hapludolls, Udorthrents,
Cryothrents and Udifluvents. These soils are
mostly utilized for growing safflower, but
cropslike maize, wheat etc. and fruit trees like
apple, cherry and pear are also grown.
SALINE ALKALI SOILS
These soils occur in alluvialbelt of Jammu

(RS Pura/ Bishna), Kathua (Ramkol/
Challain) and Changthang area of Ladakh
having ECE more than 4mmhos/cm at 25OC
but their ESP is less than 15. They belong
to Ustifluvents, Hapluaquents and
Ustorthents great groups.
ALLUVIAL SOILS
These soils cover plains of Kathua, Jammu

Rajouri, Poonch, Udhampur in Jammu, Vales in
Kashmir and Sindhin Ladakh sub divisions. They are
situatedin the flood plains of Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum
and Sindh rivers and their tributaries. They are
old and new alluvial soils. Old alluvial soil contain
high amountsof Calcium Carbonateand are slightly
to moderately alkaline(7.0–7.7) organic carbon
between 0.28–0.61%. They belong to great group
Ustifluvents and Udifluvents
CLAYEY SOIL
This soil is found in the flood plains of

Jhelum in the southern parts of Srinagar city
and is subjected to annual fresh silt
deposition. Gurtisoil contains a large
proportion of clay. Its water retaining
capacity is high. At the time of scanty
rainfall, it is considered to be good for
cultivation of rice. But if rains are heavy,
this soil gets compacted and achieves the
shape of hard cakes, where ploughing
becomes difficult labourious task.
SANDY SILT
This soil is the mixture of sand and clay. A

peculiar characteristic of Dazanlad is that
the field turns red in colour when irrigation
water stands in the fields. This soil can
result good productivity if controlled
irrigation and High Yielding Variety seeds
are applied. This soil is generally found in
the low lying areas in the west of the city
and alsooccurs at the hilly areas also in the
north (Husain, 2000).
MOUNTAIN MEADOW SOILS
Sandy loam to clay loam fine to coarse

granular mountain meadow soils occur
in Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Sonamarg, Lolab,
Gurez, and Changthang. They are alkaline
(pH more than 7–9) and high in organic
carbon. Water holding capacity of (51-
61%) They belong to great groups
Cryoboralfs and Argiudolls.
RED AND YELLOW SOILS
These soils occur in parts of Udhampur,

Kathua, Rajouri and Poonch. They are of
coarse texture, Water holding capacity is
40%. They belong to great group hapludalfs,
haplustalfs.
“Soils are endangered, but
the degradation can be rolled
back. Population growth,
industrialization and climate
change threaten soil health”
REDUCETHE CHANCES OF EROSION
 Discourage crops which tend to be associated with increased erosion risk.

For example maize needs loads of fertiliser and herbicide, is wide rowed
and harvested late, meaning that erosion can be a problem, especially on
sloping land.
 Plant roots protect soil structure by holding it together and allowing air to
penetrate in spaces around roots. They also encourage healthier soil
communities through plant-fungal interactions
 Move towards mixed and organic farming so that you have sources of
organic matter onsite
Thank
Thank
YouYou

Chemistry Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Project

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Agriculture field in

These soils occur in alluvialbelt of Jammu

These soils cover plains of Kathua, Jammu

This soil is found in the flood plains of

This soil is the mixture of sand and clay. A

Sandy loam to clay loam fine to coarse

These soils occur in parts of Udhampur,

 Discourage crops which tend to be associated with increased erosion risk.

You might also like