UNITED NATIONS

ORGANIZATION
(UNO)
UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION (UNO)
FLAG OF UNITED NATIONS LOGO OF UNITED NATIONS

HISTORY/ROLE
HISTORY/ROLE OF
OF UNO
UNO
ESTABLISHMENT OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The 20th Century witnessed two world wars, which were highly
destructive of life as well as material. These two wars badly effected he
morality of the people of the world and highlighted the need for peace
and cooperation among the nations. The first attempt towards
achieving this aim of world peace was in the form of the League of
Nations after the first world war. This was of course a failure, as it
could not avert the Second World War.

The League’s Headquarters Members of League during The League of Nations’

from 1929 until its 1920-1945 assembly buildings in
dissolution Geneva
THE
THE PROPOSES
PROPOSES OF
OF UNITED
UNITED NATIONS
NATIONS
The
Thename
name"United
"UnitedNations"
Nations"was
wasdevised
devisedby byUnited
UnitedStates
States
President
PresidentFranklin
FranklinD.
D.Roosevelt
Rooseveltand
andwaswasfirst
firstused
usedin
inthe
the
"Declaration
"Declarationby
byUnited
UnitedNations"
Nations"ofof11January
January1942,
1942,during
duringthe
the
Second
SecondWorld
WorldWar,
War,when
whenrepresentatives
representativesof of26
26nations
nationspledged
pledged
their
theirGovernments
Governmentstotocontinue
continuefighting
fightingtogether
togetheragainst
againstthe
theAxis
Axis
Powers
Powers(German
(German,,Japanese
Japanese and
andItalian).
Italian).
 The
TheUnited
UnitedNations
NationsCharter
Charterwas
wasdrawn
drawnupupby
bythe
therepresentatives
representatives
of
of50
50countries
countriesat
atthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
NationsConference
Conferenceon on
International
InternationalOrganization,
Organization,which
whichmet
metat
atSan
SanFrancisco
Franciscofrom
from25
25
April
Aprilto
to26
26June
June1945.
1945.Those
Thosedelegates
delegatesdeliberated
deliberatedononthe
thebasis
basis
of
ofproposals
proposalsworked
workedoutoutby
bythe
therepresentatives
representativesof
ofChina,
China,the
the
Soviet
SovietUnion,
Union,the
theUnited
UnitedKingdom
Kingdomandandthe
theUnited
UnitedStates
Statesat
at
Dumbarton
DumbartonOaks
OaksininAugust-October
August-October1944.
1944.
 Contd…
Contd………..
……..
 THE
THE PURPOSES
PURPOSES OF
OF UNITED
UNITED NATIONS
NATIONS

The
TheCharter
Charterwas wassigned
signedon
on2626June
June1945
1945bybythe
therepresentatives
representativesof
ofthe
the
50
50countries.
countries.Poland,
Poland,which
whichwas
wasnot
notrepresented
representedat atthe
theConference,
Conference,
signed
signedititlater
laterand
andbecame
becameone
oneof
ofthe
theoriginal
original51
51Member
MemberStates.
States.

The
TheUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsofficially
officiallycame
cameinto
intoexistence
existenceonon24
24October
October1945,
1945,
when
whenthe
theCharter
Charterhad
hadbeen
beenratified
ratifiedby
byChina,
China,France,
France,the
theSoviet
SovietUnion,
Union,
the
theUnited
UnitedKingdom,
Kingdom,the
theUnited
UnitedStates
Statesand
andby byaamajority
majorityof
ofother
other
signatories.
signatories.United
UnitedNations
NationsDay
Dayisiscelebrated
celebratedonon2424October
Octobereach
eachyear.
year.
..
 THE
THE PURPOSES
PURPOSES OF
OF UNITED
UNITED NATIONS
NATIONS

1.
1. To
To maintain
maintain International
International peace
peace and
and security.
security.
2.
2. To
To develop
develop friendly
friendly relations
relations among
among Nations.
Nations.
3.
3. To
To cooperate
cooperate in in solving
solving International
International economic,
economic,
social,
social, cultural
cultural and
and humanitarian
humanitarian problems
problems and
and in
in
promoting
promoting respect
respect for
for human
human rights
rights and
and
fundamental
fundamental freedoms.
freedoms.
4.
4. To
To protect
protect Earth
Earth and
and Environment.
Environment.
PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLESOF
OFTHE
THEUNITED
UNITEDNATIONS
NATIONS

1. It is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.

1. It is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
2. All members are to fulfill in faith their charter obligations.
2. All members are to fulfill in faith their charter obligations.
3. They are to settle their international disputes by peace.
3. They are to settle their international disputes by peace.
4. They are to refrain from the threat or use of force against other
4. They are to refrain from the threat or use of force against other
state.
state.
5. They are to give the United Nations every assistance in every
5. They are to give the United Nations every assistance in every
action it takes in accordance with the charter.
action it takes in accordance with the charter.
6. Nothing in the charter is to authorize the United Nations to
6. Nothing in the charter is to authorize the United Nations to
intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic
intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic
jurisdiction of any state.
jurisdiction of any state.
7. The organizations shell ensure that states which are not the
7. The organizations shell ensure that states which are not the
member of the UN act in accordance with these.
member of the UN act in accordance with these.
GENERAL
GENERAL INFORMATION
INFORMATION ABOUT
ABOUT UNITED
UNITED NATIONS
NATIONS
UN
UNHEADQUARTERS:-
HEADQUARTERS:-
The
Thepermanent
permanentheadquarters
headquartersof ofthe
theUN
UNsince
since1952,
1952,are
are in
inNew
NewYork
York
(International
(Internationalterritory
territoryininNew
NewYork
YorkCity,
City,USA).
USA).The
Thefirst
firstmeeting
meetingof ofthe
the
General
GeneralAssembly
Assemblywas washeld
heldhere
hereininOctober
October1952.
1952.
UN
UNFLAG:-
FLAG:-
The
Thewhite
whiteUN
UNlogo
logoisissuperimposed
superimposedon onlight
lightblue
bluebackground.
background.TheThe
Logo
Logoconsist
consistof
ofthe
theglobal
globalmap
mapprojected
projectedfrom
fromthe
theNorth
NorthPole
Poleand
and
embraced
embracedin intwin
twinolive
olivebranches
branches(symbol
(symbolof ofpeace).
peace).The
TheUNUNflag
flagisisnot
notto
tobe
be
Subordinated
Subordinatedto toany
anyother
otherflag
flagof
ofthe
theworld.
world.

FLAG OF UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS

HEADQUARTERS
UN
UNOFFICIAL
OFFICIALLANGUAGES:-
LANGUAGES:-
There
Thereare
aresix
sixofficial
officialworking
workinglanguages
languagesrecognised
recognisedby
bythe
theUnited
UnitedNations.
Nations.
These
Theseare
areChinese,
Chinese,English,
English,French,
French,Russian,
Russian,Spanish
Spanishand
andArabic.
Arabic.

UN
UNFINANCES:-
FINANCES:-
Contributions
Contributionsofofmember
memberstates
statesconstitute
constitutethe
themain
mainsource
sourceof
offunds
fundsfor
forthe
the
regular
regularbudget.
budget.AAstate’s
state’sshare
shareisisprimarily
primarilydetermined
determinedby
byits
itstotal
totalnational
national
income
incomeininrelation
relationto
tothat
thatof
ofthe
themember
memberstates.
states.

MEMBERSHIP:-
MEMBERSHIP:-
Membership
Membershipof ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsisisopen
opentotoall
allpeace
peaceloving
lovingnations
nationswhich
which
accept
acceptthe
theobligations
obligationsof
ofits
itscharter
charterand
andininthe
thejudgement
judgementof ofthe
theorganization,
organization,
are
areable
ableand
andwilling
willingto
tocarry
carryout
outthese
theseobligations.
obligations.Members
Membersmay maybebe
suspended
suspendedor orexpelled
expelledby
bythe
theGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyon onthe
therecommendation
recommendationof of
the
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil.
Council.
MAIN
MAINORGANS
ORGANSOF
OFTHE
THEUNITED
UNITEDNATIONS
NATIONS

The
The UN
UN has
has six
six main
main organs:
organs:

1.
1.The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assembly
2.
2.The
TheSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Council
3.
3.The
TheSecretariat
Secretariat
4.
4.The
TheTrusteeship
TrusteeshipCouncil
Council
5.
5.The
TheEconomic
EconomicandandSocial
SocialCouncil
Council
6.
6.International
InternationalCourt
CourtofofJustice
Justice
MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

11
MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
History
History
The
Thefirst
firstsession
sessionof
ofthe
theUN
UNGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblywas
wasconvened
convenedon
on
10
10January
January19461946in
inthe
theWestminster
WestminsterCentral
CentralHall
Hallin
inLondon
Londonand
and
included
includedrepresentatives
representativesof
of51states.
51states.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY

The
The next
next few
few annual
annual sessions
sessions were
were held
held inin different
different
cities:
cities: the
the second
second session
session in in New
New York,
York, and
and the
the third
third
session
session waswas in
in Paris.
Paris. ItIt moved
moved to to the
the permanent
permanent United
United
Nations
Nations Headquarters
Headquarters in in New
New York
York atat the
the start
start of
of its
its
seventh
seventh regular
regular annual
annual session,
session, on
on 14
14 October
October 1952.
1952.
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assembly(Head
(HeadQuarters
QuartersNewNewYork)
York)isis
the
themain
maindeliberative
deliberativeorgan.
organ.The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assembly
isislike
likeaaWorld
WorldParliament.
Parliament.Composed
Composedofofall allUnited
United
Nations
Nationsmember
memberstates.
states. Decisions
Decisionsare
aretaken
takenby byaa
two-third majority. General Assembly
two-third majority. General Assembly elect elect
president
presidentfor forthe
thesession
sessionofoftwelve
twelvemonths,
months,
As a matter of convention the president is taken
As a matter of convention the president is taken from from
aaminor
minorcountry
countrymade
madethrough
throughprivate
privateconsultation
consultation
before
beforethe thesession
sessionofofassembly
assemblyandandwho
whoisisacceptable to
acceptable to
all the members.
all the members.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
Membership
Membership
All
All193
193members
membersstates
statesof
ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsare
aremembers
members
of
ofthe
theGeneral
GeneralAssembly.
Assembly.Further,
Further,thetheUnited
UnitedNations
Nations General
General
Assembly
Assemblymay maygrant
grantobserver
observerstatus
statustotoan
an international
international
organization,
organization,entity/body
entity/bodyor ornon-member
non-member state,
state, which
whichentitles
entitles
the
theentity
entityto
toparticipate
participatein
inthe
thework
workof of the
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nations
General
GeneralAssembly,
Assembly,though
thoughwith
with limitations.
limitations.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY

Resolutions
Resolutions
The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyvotes voteson
onmany
manyresolutions
resolutionsbrought
brought
forth
forthby
bysponsoring
sponsoringstates.
states.These
Theseare
aregenerally
generallystatements
statements
symbolizing
symbolizingthe thesense
senseof ofthe
theinternational
internationalcommunity
communityabout
about an
an
display
displayofofworld
worldissues.
issues.Most
MostGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assembly resolutions
resolutionsare
are
not
notenforceable
enforceableas asaalegal
legalororpractical
practicalmatter,
matter, because
becausethe
the
General
GeneralAssembly
Assemblylackslacksenforcement
enforcementpowers
powers with
withrespect
respecttoto
most
mostissues.
issues.The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyhashas authority
authoritytotomake
makefinal
final
decisions
decisionsininsome
someareas
areassuch
suchasasthe
the United
UnitedNations
Nationsbudget.
budget.

contd……..
contd……..
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY

General
GeneralAssembly
AssemblyResolutions
Resolutionsare
are generally
generallynon-binding
non-binding
on
onmember
memberstates,
states,but
butcarry
carryconsiderable
considerablepolitical
politicalweight,
weight, and
and
are
arelegally
legallybinding
bindingtowards
towardsthe
theoperations
operationsof
ofthe
the General
General
Assembly.
Assembly.
The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblycancanalso
alsorefer
refer ananissue
issueto
tothe
the
Security
SecurityCouncil
Counciltotoput
putin
inplace
placeaa binding
binding resolution.
resolution.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
Elections
Elections
Division
Divisionof
ofthe
theGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyby
bymembership
membershipin
inthe
the five
five
United
UnitedNations
NationsRegional
RegionalGroups.
Groups.
The
TheAfrican
AfricanGroup
Group
The
TheAsia-Pacific
Asia-PacificGroup
Group
The
TheEastern
EasternEuropean
EuropeanGroup
Group
The
TheLatin
LatinAmerican
Americanand
andCaribbean
CaribbeanStates
States
The
TheWestern
WesternEuropean
Europeanand
andOthers
OthersGroup
Group(WEOG)
(WEOG)

The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyvotes
votesin
inelections
electionsfor
forthe
theten
tennon-
non-
permanent
permanentmembers
membersofofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
NationsSecurity
Security Council
Council
for
forthe
theperiod
periodof
oftwo
twoyears,.
years,.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY

The
Thecandidates
candidatesareareselected
selectedbybytheir
theirregional
regionalgroups.
groups.The
The
General
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyalsoalsoelects
electsmembers
membersof ofthe
theUnited
United
Nations
NationsEconomic
Economicand andSocial
SocialCouncil.
Council.ItItalso
alsoelects
elects
members
membersof ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
NationsIndustrial
IndustrialDevelopment
Development
Organization,
Organization,andandsome
somemembers
membersof ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nations
Trusteeship
TrusteeshipCouncil.
Council.
The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyappoints
appointsthe
theSecretary-General
Secretary-Generalof of
the
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nationson onrecommendation
recommendationof ofthe
theSecurity
Security
Council,
Council,and
andadopts
adoptsrules
rulesgoverning
governingthe theadministration
administrationof of
the
theSecretariat.
Secretariat.
Along
Alongwith
withthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil,
Council,the
theGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assembly
elects
electsJudges
Judgesfor
forthe
theInternational
InternationalCourt
Courtof ofJustice
Justicein
inThe
The
Hague.
Hague.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
Special
Special sessions
sessions
Special
Specialsessions
sessionsmay
maybe beconvened
convenedat atthe
therequest
requestofofthe
theUnited
United
Nations
NationsSecurity
SecurityCouncil,
Council,ororaamajority
majorityof ofUN
UNmembers,
members,or,or,ififthe
the
majority
majorityconcurs,
concurs,of
ofaasingle
singlemember.
member.
The
Thefirst
firstSpecial
SpecialSession
Sessionofofthe
theUN
UNGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyheldheldin
in
1947,
1947,Mr
MrOsvaldo
OsvaldoAranha,
Aranha,then
thenpresident
presidentof ofthe
theSpecial
SpecialSession,
Session,
began
beganaatradition
traditionthat
thathas
hasremained
remaineduntil
untiltoday
todaywhereby
wherebythethefirst
first
speaker
speakeratatthis
thismajor
majorinternational
internationalforum
forumisis always
alwaysaaBrazilian.
Brazilian.

If
Ifthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilfails
failsto
toact
actto
tomaintain
maintaininternational
international
peace
peaceand
andsecurity
securitydue
dueto
toaadisagreement
disagreementbetween
betweenits
itspermanent
permanent
members,
members,the
theAssembly
AssemblyResolution
Resolution377.
377.

General
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyhas
hasthe
thepower
powerto
toconvene
convenean
anemergency
emergency
special
specialsession
sessionand
andact
actto
toensure
ensurepeace
peaceand
andsecurity
security..
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
Emergency
Emergency special
special sessions
sessions

The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblymaymaytake
takeaction
actionon
onmaintaining
maintaining
international
internationalpeace
peaceand
andsecurity
securityififthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nations
Security
SecurityCouncil
Councilisisunable,
unable,usually
usuallydue duetotodisagreement
disagreement
among
amongthe
thepermanent
permanentmembers,
members,to toexercise
exerciseits
itsprimary
primary
responsibility.
responsibility.

IfIfnot
notininsession
sessionat
atthe
thetime,
time,the
theGeneral
General Assembly
Assemblymay may
meet
meetin inemergency
emergencyspecial
specialsession
sessionwithin
within2424hours
hoursofof thethe
request.
request.Such
Suchemergency
emergencyspecial
specialsessions
sessionsare
areto
tobe
be called
called ifif
requested
requestedby bythe
theUN
UNSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilononthe
thevote
vote of ofany
any
seven
sevenmembers,
members,or orby
byaamajority
majorityofofthe
the Members
Membersof of the
theUnited
United
Nations.
Nations.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
Functions
Functions and
and powers
powers of
of the
the General
General Assembly
Assembly

According
Accordingtotothe
theCharter
Charterof
ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations,
Nations,the
theGeneral
General
Assembly
Assemblymay:
may:
1.Consider
1.Considerand
andmake
makerecommendations
recommendationson onthe
thegeneral
general
principles
principlesof
ofcooperation
cooperationfor
formaintaining
maintaininginternational
international
peace
peaceand
andsecurity,
security,including
includingdisarmament;
disarmament;

2.Discuss
2.Discussany
anyquestion
questionrelating
relatingto
tointernational
internationalpeace
peace
and
andsecurity
securityand,
and,except
exceptwhere
whereaadispute
disputeor
orsituation
situationisis
currently
currentlybeing
beingdiscussed
discussedbybythe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil,
Council,
make
makerecommendations
recommendationson onit;
it;
Contd….
Contd….
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY

3.Initiate
3.Initiatestudies
studiesandandmake
makerecommendations
recommendationsto topromote
promote
international
internationalpolitical
politicalcooperation,
cooperation,the
thedevelopment
developmentandand
codification
codificationof ofinternational
internationallaw,
law,the
therealization
realizationof
ofhuman
human
rights
rightsand
andfundamental
fundamentalfreedoms,
freedoms,andandinternational
international
collaboration
collaborationin inthe
theeconomic,
economic,social,
social,humanitarian,
humanitarian,
cultural,
cultural,educational
educationaland andhealth
healthfields.
fields.

4.Make
4.Makerecommendations
recommendationsfor
forthe
thepeaceful
peacefulsettlement
settlementof
ofany
any
situation
situationthat
thatmight
mightimpair
impairfriendly
friendlyrelations
relationsamong
among
nations;
nations;
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY

5.Receive
5.Receiveand
andconsider
considerreports
reportsfrom
fromthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Council
and
andother
otherUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsorgans;
organs;

6.Consider
6.Considerandandapprove
approvethe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsbudget
budgetand
and
establish
establishthe
thefinancial
financialassessments
assessmentsof
ofMember
MemberStates;
States;
Elect
Electthe
thenon-permanent
non-permanentmembers
membersofofthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Council
and
andthe
themembers
membersof ofother
otherUnited
UnitedNations
Nationscouncils
councilsand
and
organs
organsand,
and,ononthe
therecommendation
recommendationof ofthe
theSecurity
Security
Council,
Council,appoint
appointthetheSecretary-General.
Secretary-General.
 THE
THE GENERAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
Subsidiary
Subsidiary organs
organs

The
TheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblysubsidiary
subsidiaryorgans
organsare
aredivided
dividedinto
into
five
fivecategories:
categories:

Committees
Committees(30(30total,
total,six
sixmain),
main),
Commissions
Commissions(seven),
(seven),
Boards
Boards(six),
(six),
Councils
Councilsand
andpanels
panels(five),
(five),
Working
Workinggroups,
groups,and
and"other“
"other“Special
Specialsessions
sessions
 SECURITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
COUNCIL
The
TheSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilisischarged
chargedwith
withmaintaining
maintainingpeace
peaceand
andsecurity
securityamong
among
countries.
countries.The
TheSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilhas
hasthe
thepower
powerto tomake
makebinding
bindingdecisions
decisionsthat
that
member
memberGovernments
Governmentshave haveagreed
agreedtotocarry
carryout,
out,under
underthe
theterms
termsofofCharter.
Charter.
The
Thedecisions
decisionsof
ofthe
theCouncil
Councilare
areknown
knownas asUnited
UnitedNations
NationsSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Council
Resolutions.
Resolutions.
The
TheSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilcomprises
comprisesfive
fivepermanent
permanent members-
members-
United
UnitedStates,
States,Britain,
Britain,France,
France,Russia
Russiaand
andChina-
China-and
andten
tennon-permanent
non-permanent
members,
members,whowhoareareelected
electedfor
fortwo
twoyears
yearsby
byGeneral
GeneralAssembly.
Assembly.
The
Thepermanent
permanentmembers
membershavehavethe
thepower
powerto toveto
vetoany
anyof
ofthe
thedecisions
decisionsof
of
Security
SecurityCouncil.
Council.

UNITED NATIONS
SECURITYCOUNCIL
CHAMBER(Headquarters- New
York):-
 PURPOSE
PURPOSE OF
OF SECURITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
COUNCIL

1.The
1.TheCharter
Charter established
establishedthe
thepurpose
purposeof ofthe
theCouncil,
Council,to
to
“investigate
“investigateany
anydispute,
dispute,ororany
anysituation
situationwhich
whichmight
mightlead
lead toto
international
internationalfriction
frictionor
orgive
giverise
riseto
toaadispute,
dispute,ininorder
orderto
to
determine
determinewhether
whetherthethecontinuance
continuanceof ofthe
thedispute
disputeor
or situation
situationisis
likely
likelyto
toendanger
endangerthethemaintenance
maintenanceof of international
internationalpeace
peaceand
and
security”
security”and
andtotoact
actaccordingly.
accordingly.

2.Investigating
2.Investigatingany
anysituation
situationthreatening
threateninginternational
international
peace
peace

3.
3.Recommending
Recommendingprocedures
proceduresfor
forpeaceful
peacefulresolution
resolutionof
ofaa
dispute.
dispute.
Contd….
Contd….
 PURPOSE
PURPOSE OF
OF SECURITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
COUNCIL

4.Calling
4.Callingupon
uponother
othermember
membernations
nations,to
,tocompletely
completelyor or
partially
partiallyinterrupt
interrupteconomic
economicrelations
relationsasaswell
wellas
assea,
sea,air,
air,
postal,
postal,and
andradio
radiocommunications,
communications,ororto
tocut
cutdiplomatic
diplomatic
relations;
relations;

5.Enforcing
5.Enforcingits
itsdecisions
decisionsby
bymilitarily,
militarily,ififnecessary.
necessary.
THE
THE DIVISION
DIVISION OF
OF NON
NON PERMANENT
PERMANENT MEMBERS
MEMBERS
OF
OF SECURITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
COUNCIL

The
The division
division among
among the
the ten
ten non-permanent
non-permanent
members
members isis as
as follows
follows::

1.Africa
1.Africa––three
threemembers,
members,(3)
(3)

2.Western
2.WesternEurope
Europeand
andOthers
Others––two
twomembers,
members,Latin
LatinAmerica
America
and
andCaribbean
Caribbean––two
twomembers,
members,Asia
Asia––two
twomembers,
members,and
and
Eastern
EasternEurope
Europe––one
onemember
member(7).
(7).

contd…..
contd…..
THE
THEENLARGEMENT
ENLARGEMENTOFOFNON
NONPERMANENT
PERMANENTMEMBERS
MEMBERSOF
OF
SECURITY
SECURITYCOUNCIL
COUNCIL(CONTRA0VERSY)
(CONTRA0VERSY)

There
Therehas
hasbeen
beencontroversy
controversyover
overthe
thecomposition
compositionof ofthe
the
permanent
permanentmembers
membersandandthe
theveto
vetopower
powerfor
fordecades.
decades.Brazil,
Brazil,
Germany,
Germany,Japan
Japanand
andIndia
Indiaall
allseek
seekinclusion
inclusionas aspermanent
permanent
members
membersof ofthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Counciland
andrecommend
recommendenlargement
enlargement
of
ofthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilto
totwenty-five
twenty-fivemembers.
members.
Any
Anyproposal
proposaltotomodify
modifythe
theorganization
organizationof ofthe
theSecurity
Security
Council
Councilwould
wouldrequire
requirethe
theapproval
approvalof oftwo-thirds
two-thirdsof
ofthe
theUnited
United
Nations
NationsGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assembly(193
(193UNUNmember
membercountries
countriesas
asof
of
2012).
2012).

contd…..
contd…..
 PRESIDENCY
PRESIDENCY OF
OF SECURITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
COUNCIL

The
Thepresidency
presidencyof ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
NationsSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Council
rotates
rotateson
onaamonthly
monthlybasisbasis ininalphabetically
alphabeticallyorder
orderamong
among
all
allof
ofthe
themembers
membersfor forthe
theperiod
periodofofone
onemonth.
month.
Since
Sincethe
theUnited
UnitedNations
NationsSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilmust
mustbe
beable
ableto
toact
act
quickly
quicklyduring
duringtimes
timesofofinternational
internationalemergency,
emergency,aa
representative
representativefrom
fromeach
eachSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Councilmember
membercountry
country
must
mustbebepresent
presentatatall
alltimes
timesat atthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nations
Headquarters
Headquartersin inNew
NewYorkYorkCity.
City.
 SECRETARIAT
SECRETARIAT
Secretariat
Secretariat(Headquarters-
(Headquarters-New NewYork):-
York):-
The
TheUnited
UnitedNations
NationsSecretariat
Secretariatisisheaded
headedbybythe
theSecretary-
Secretary-
General,
General,assisted
assistedbybyaastaff
staffof
ofInternational
InternationalCivil
Civilservants
servants
worldwide.
worldwide.ItItprovides
providesstudies,
studies,information,
information,and
andfacilities
facilitiesneeded
needed
by
byUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsbodies
bodiesfor
fortheir
theirmeeting
meeting..ItItalso
alsocarries
carriesout
out
tasks
tasksasasdirected
directedby bythe
theUN
UNSecurity
SecurityCouncil,
Council,
The
TheUN UNGeneral
GeneralAssembly,
Assembly,The TheUNUNEconomic
EconomicandandSocial
SocialCouncil
Council
and
andother
otherUNUNbodies.
bodies.The
TheUnited
UnitedNations
NationsCharter
Charterprovides
providesthat
that
the
thestaff
staffbe
bechosen
chosenby byapplication
applicationof ofthe
the“highest
“higheststandards
standardsof of
efficiency,
efficiency,competence,
competence,and andintegrity
integrity,”,”with
withdue
dueregard
regardfor forthe
the
importance
importanceof ofrecruiting
recruitingon
onaawide
widegeographical
geographicalbasis.
basis.

Contd…
Contd…
 SECRETARIAT
SECRETARIAT

Secretariat
Secretariat (Headquarters
(Headquarters at
at New
New York):-
York):-
The
The Charter
Charter provides
provides that
that the
the staff
staff shall
shall not
not seek
seek oror
receive
receive instructions
instructions from
from any
any authority
authority other
other than
than the
the
UN.
UN. Each
Each UNUN member
member country
country is is enjoined
enjoined to
to respect
respect the
the
international
international character
character of
of the
the Secretariat
Secretariat and
and not
not seek
seek to
to
influence
influence its
its staff.
staff.
The
TheSecretary-
Secretary-General
Generalalone
aloneis
isresponsible
responsible for
forstaff
staffselection
selection..
The
TheSecretary
SecretaryGeneral’s
General’sduties
dutiesinclude
includehelping
helpingresolve
resolveinternational
internationaldisputes,
disputes,
administering
administeringpeacekeeping
peacekeepingoperations,
operations,organizing
organizinginternational
internationalconferences,
conferences,
gathering
gatheringinformation
informationon onthe
theimplementation
implementationon onthe
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil
Council
decisions,
decisions,and
andconsulting
consultingwith
withmember
memberGovernments
Governmentsregarding
regardingvarious
various
initiatives.
initiatives.The
TheSecretary-
Secretary-General
Generalmaymaybring
bringtotothe
theattention
attentionof
ofthe
the Security
Security
Council
Councilanyanymatter
matterthat,
that,in
inhis
hisor
orher
heropinion,
opinion,may
maythreaten
threateninternational
international
peace
peaceand
andsecurity.
security.

UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT BUILDING AT

THE UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS IN NEW
YORK CITY
 TRUSTEESHIP
TRUSTEESHIPCOUNCIL
COUNCIL
Trusteeship Council (Headquarters at New York):-
Trusteeship Council aims helping countries under foreign rule to attain
independence. There were eleven such countries that had come under this
system after the second world war. By 1994, all Trust Territories had
attained independence. The last to do was the Palau, which became the185th
Member state of the UN.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General
Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation
and development . ECOSOC has 54 members, all of which are elected
by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The president is
elected for a one-year term and chosen among the small or middle
powers represented on ECOSOC. ECOSOC meets once a year in July
for a four-week session.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
Since 1998, it has held another meeting each April with finance
ministers heading key committees of the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund. Viewed separate from the
specialized bodies it coordinates, ECOSOC‘s functions include
information gathering, advising member nations, and making
recommendations.

In addition, ECOSOC is well-positioned to provide policy

coherence and coordinate the overlapping functions of the UN’s
subsidiary and it is in these roles that it is most active.
 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
The International Court of Justice consists of 15 judges elected
by the and the General Assembly for a term of nine years.
Each one of them has to be from a different country.
The court gives advisory opinion on legal matters to the organs
and special agencies of the UN when solicited. It also considers
legal disputes brought before it by nations.

PEACE PALACE, SEAT OF THE

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
AT THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS
 SPECIALISED AGENCIES OF UN
1. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION
2. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION
3. UNITED NATIONS, EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
ORGANISATION
4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
5. WORLD BANK
6. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
7. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION
8. UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION
9. INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
10. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION
11. WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION
12. WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANISATION
13. INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
14. UN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION
15. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
16. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION
SPECIAL BODIES OF UNITED NATIONS
1. UNITED NATIONS CHLDREN FUND (UNICEF)
2. UN CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD)
3. UN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)
4. UN INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING AND RESEARCH (UNITAR)
5. UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP)
6. UN UNIVERSITY (UNU)
7. WORLD FOOD COUNCIL (WFC)
8. UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTEERS (UNV)
9. UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA)
10. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)
11. UN HUMAN SETTLEMENT PROGRAMME (UN- HABITAT)
12. UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH
13. UNITED NATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT (UNRISD)
14. UNITED NATIONS INTER- REGIONAL CRIME AND JUSTICE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE (UNICRI)
HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS
1. Treaty on cyber Crime:- On November 23, 2001 representatives of 30
countries met in Budapost and signed the first
ever international treaty on criminal offences
committed in the internet.

2. UN Resolution 1973- Effort to nab terrorism:- Following the Global

demand to act against
terrorists and states that
support harbor them, the
UN unanimously passed
the resolution.

3. Millennium Summit:- At the summit, held at UN Headquarters from 6 to

8 September, 2000, World leaders established clear
direction for the organization in the new century.
The millennium declaration targets for poverty,
disease and environment issues.
4. Protecting Children in war:- The General Assembly in 2000 adopted a
draft to the convention on the right of the
child, under which state parties agree to
raise the age limit for both compulsory
recruitment and participation in combat
from 15 to 18.

5. UN Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon urges greater efforts to feed world’s

hungry amid ongoing recession.

6. UN rural Development arm to help poor farmers in Tajikistan.

 60 YEARS OF UN PEACEKEEPING
Today, peace and security are not longer viewed only in terms of
absence of military conflicts but the common interests of
human- kind. Over the years the General Assembly has helped
to promote peaceful relations among nations by adopting
several resolutions and declarations on peace, the peaceful
settlement of disputes and international cooperation in
strengthening peace . UN played effective peace making role in
Afghanistan, Somalia, crisis in former Yugoslav Republics,
Kosovo, Middle East (Arabs, Israel conflict), Angola, Congo,
Rwanda, and in Gulf crisis.29 May 2008 marks not only the
international day of peacekeepers, but also the sixtieth
anniversary of UN Peacekeeping Operation.
 Major Achievements of the United Nations:
• Maintaining peace and security • Strengthening international law
• Making peace • Handing down judicial settlements
• Promoting human rights of major international disputes
• Protecting the environment • Providing safe drinking water
• Preventing nuclear proliferation • Eradicating smallpox
• Promoting self determination • Pressing for universal immunization
and independence • Reducing child mortality rates
 EVALUATON OF THE WORKING OF
UNITED NATIONS

ACHIVEMENTS

It has achieved considerable success in attaining some of the

objectives outline in the Un charter, self-determination of
peoples, respect for human rights and fundamental freedom

FAILURES

The failures of the united nations include its failure to

maintain world peace and secure peaceful settlement of
disputes.
The EX Secretary-General was Ban Ki-moon, who took over from
Kofi Annan in 2007 and has been elected for a second term to
conclude at the end of 2016.

António Guterres, the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations,

took office on 1st January 2017. António Guterres
.