Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    Security

    Uploaded by

    Mano Kali
    Network security aims to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The main threats are interruption, interception, and modification of data, as well as insertion of fake data. Cryptography uses encryption algorithms and keys to secure data and involves techniques like substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, DES, triple DES, AES, and public key cryptography algorithms like RSA and Diffie-Hellman key exchange. RSA generates public/private key pairs using large prime numbers and allows encryption with the public key and decryption with the private key.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Security

    Uploaded by

    Mano Kali
    21 views29 pages
    Network security aims to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The main threats are interruption, interception, and modification of data, as well as insertion of fake data. Cryptography uses encryption algorithms and keys to secure data and involves techniques like substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, DES, triple DES, AES, and public key cryptography algorithms like RSA and Diffie-Hellman key exchange. RSA generates public/private key pairs using large prime numbers and allows encryption with the public key and decryption with the private key.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Network security aims to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The main threats are interruption, interception, and modification of data, as well as insertion of fake data. Cryptography uses encryption algorithms and keys to secure data and involves techniques like substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, DES, triple DES, AES, and public key cryptography algorithms like RSA and Diffie-Hellman key exchange. RSA generates public/private key pairs using large prime numbers and allows encryption with the public key and decryption with the private key.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views29 pages

    Security

    Uploaded by

    Mano Kali
    Network security aims to provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The main threats are interruption, interception, and modification of data, as well as insertion of fake data. Cryptography uses encryption algorithms and keys to secure data and involves techniques like substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, DES, triple DES, AES, and public key cryptography algorithms like RSA and Diffie-Hellman key exchange. RSA generates public/private key pairs using large prime numbers and allows encryption with the public key and decryption with the private key.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Network Security

    Goals of Network Security

     Confidentiality
     Integrity
     Availability
    Types of Threats in Network
     Interruption
     An asset of the system is destroyed
    or becomes unavailable
     Attack on availability
     Destruction of hardware
     Cutting of a communication line
    Types of Threats in Network
     Interception
     An unauthorized party gains access
    to an asset
     Attack on confidentiality
     Illegal copying of files or programs
    Types of Threats in Network
     Modification
     An unauthorized party not only
    gains access but tampers with an
    asset
     Attack on integrity
     Changing values in a data file
     Altering a program so that it
    performs differently
    Types of Threats in Network
     Fabrication
     An unauthorized party inserts
    counterfeit objects into the system
     Attack on authenticity
     Insertion of spurious messages in a
    network
    Need for Security
     Some people who cause security
    problems and why.
    Cryptography
     Introduction to Cryptography
     Substitution Ciphers
     Transposition Ciphers
     One-Time Pads
    Important Definition
     Plain Text - Message

     Cipher Text - Encrypted Message


     Encryption - Process of Converting Plain text to cipher
    text
     Decryption - Reverse Process of Encryption

     Cryptography - Study of Different Algo. for encryption

     Cryptanalysis - Techniques used to decrypt the message


    without knowledge of encrypting details
     Cryptology - The area of cryptography and
    cryptanalysis together
    An introduction to cryptography
     The encryption model (for a
    symmetric-key cipher).
    Substitution Technique

    Caesar cipher
    Earliest, Simplest
    Used by Julius Caesar
    Stream ciphers
    C = P + K mod 26
    P = C - K mod 26
    Transposition Ciphers
     A transposition cipher.
    One-Time Pads

    The use of a one-time pad for encryption and the


    possibility of getting any possible plaintext from
    the ciphertext by the use of some other pad.
    Data Encryption Standard

    The data encryption standard. (a) General outline.


    (b) Detail of one iteration. The circled + means exclusive
    OR.
    Triple DES
     (a) Triple encryption using DES. (b)
    Decryption.
    The Advanced Encryption Standard
    1. Rules for AES proposals
    2. The algorithm must be a symmetric block
    cipher.
    3. The full design must be public.
    4. Key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits
    supported.
    5. Both software and hardware implementations
    required
    6. The algorithm must be public or licensed on
    nondiscriminatory terms.
    Cipher Block Chaining Mode

    (a) Encryption. (b) Decryption.


    Cipher Feedback Mode

    (a) Encryption. (c) Decryption.


    Counter Mode

     Encryption using counter mode.


    Public-Key Cryptography
    Principles
     The use of two keys has consequences in:
    key distribution, confidentiality and
    authentication.
     The scheme has six ingredients (see Figure 3.7)
     Plaintext
     Encryption algorithm
     Public and private key
     Ciphertext
     Decryption algorithm
    Encryption using Public-Key
    system
    Applications for Public-Key
    Cryptosystems
     Three categories:
     Encryption/decryption: The sender
    encrypts a message with the recipient’s
    public key.
     Digital signature: The sender ”signs” a
    message with its private key.
     Key exchange: Two sides cooperate two
    exchange a session key.
    Requirements for Public-Key
    Cryptography
    1. Computationally easy for a party B to
    generate a pair (public key KUb,
    private key KRb)
    2. Easy for sender to generate
    ciphertext:
    3. Easy for the receiver to decrypt
    ciphertect using private key:
    C  E KUb (M )
    M  DKRb (C )  DKRb [ EKUb ( M )]
    Requirements for Public-Key
    Cryptography
    1. Computationally infeasible to determine
    private key (KRb) knowing public key (KUb)
    2. Computationally infeasible to recover
    message M, knowing KUb and ciphertext C
    3. Either of the two keys can be used for
    encryption, with the other used for
    decryption:

    M  DKRb [ EKUb ( M )]  DKUb [ EKRb ( M )]


    Public-Key Cryptographic
    Algorithms
    RSA and Diffie-Hellman
    RSA - Ron Rives, Adi Shamir and Len
    Adleman at MIT, in 1977.
     RSA is a block cipher
     The most widely implemented
    Diffie-Hellman
     Echange a secret key securely
    RSA Key Setup
     each user generates a public/private key pair
    by:
     selecting two large primes at random - p, q
     computing their system modulus n=p.q
     note ø(n)=(p-1)(q-1)
     selecting at random the encryption key e
     where 1<e<ø(n), gcd(e,ø(n))=1
     solve following equation to find decryption key
    d
     e.d=1 mod ø(n) and 0≤d≤n
     publish their public encryption key: PU={e,n}
     keep secret private decryption key: PR={d,n}
    Example of RSA Algorithm
    The RSA Algorithm - Encryption

    Plaintext: M<n

    Ciphertext: C = Me (mod n)
    The RSA Algorithm - Decryption

    Ciphertext: C

    Plaintext: M = Cd (mod n)

    You might also like