LEA

Fundamental Theories of Police Service

1. The policemen are servants of higher

authorities and the people have little
or no share at all in their duties, nor any
direct connection with them.

Answer: The Continental Theory

Fundamental Theories of Police Service

The policemen are considered as servants

of a community who defend for the
effectiveness of their functions upon the
express wishes of the people.

Answer: The Home Rule Theory

The Concepts of Police Service

This old philosophy means throwing more

people in jail rather than keeping them out of
jail. Punishment is the sole instrument of
crime control. The yardstick of efficiency is
the apprehension of criminals.
ANSWER: Old Concept
 The Concepts of Police Service

The police services today has broadened its

activities to include certain aspects of social
service for the welfare of the people. Their
yardstick of efficiency is the absence of
crime.

Answer: Modern Concept

 THE FOUNDATIONS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

A. CLASSICAL APPROACH

B. HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH

c. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
APPROACH
d. CONTEMPORARY APPROACH
 POLICE APPOINTMENT

a. Temporary

b. Probationary
c. Permanent
 Appointment in the PNP shall be
affected in the following manner

•PO1 to SPO4
•Inspector to Superintendent
•Sr. Supt to Dep. Dir. Gen
•Director General
The In-Service Training Programs

 Junior Leadership Training – for PO1 to PO3

 Senior Leadership Training – for SPO1 to SPO4
 Police Basic Course (PBC) – preparatory for OBC – for
senior police officers
 Officers Basic Course (OBC) – for Inspectors to Chief
Inspectors
 Officers Advance Course (OAC) – for Chief Inspectors to
Sn Superintendent
 Officer Senior Education Course (OSEC) –
Superintendent and above
 Directorial Staff Course (DSC) – for directors and above.
 Basis for promotion
•Merit
•Seniority
• Availability of vacant position.
 What are the Preference for promotion?

•Seniority
•Competency and Vacancy
•Appropriate Eligibility
 What is Longevity Pay in PNP?
Answer = 10 % Increase of the salary in every
5 years

= More than 20 years active in

service 2.5% increase in every year.
= up to 90% increase in
36 years in the service
 Types of Police Inspection

Those conducted by the head of subordinate

units in a regular basis.

•Answer: Staff Inspection

Those conducted by the staff for and in behalf of

the Chief PNP or superior officers in command of
various units or departments
Answer : Authoritative Inspection
 Nature of Police Inspection

1. inspection on internal affairs embraces

administration, training, operation, intelligence,
investigation, morale and discipline as well as the
financial condition of the police organization.
Answer: Internal Affairs
2. it embraces the community relationship of the
organization, the crime and vice situation of the locality,
and the prevailing public opinion concerning the
integrity and reputation of the personnel.
• 
Answer: External Affairs
Disciplinary Mechanism in the PNP
Citizen Complaint where may be filed?
=Chiefs of Police or Directors of City Police
Offices, where the offense is punishable by
withholding of privileges, restriction to specified
limits; suspension or forfeiture of salary; or any
combination thereof, for a period not exceeding
fifteen (15) days;
 Citizen Complaint where may be filed?

= Mayors of Cities and Municipalities, where the

offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges; restriction to specified limits;
suspension or forfeiture of salary; or any
combination thereof, for a period of not less
than sixteen (16) days but not exceeding thirty
(30) days;
 Citizen Complaint where may be filed?

= People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB),

where the offense is punishable by withholding
of privileges; restriction to specified limits;
suspension or forfeiture of salary; or any
combination thereof, for a period exceeding
thirty (30) days; demotion or by dismissal from
the service;
 Citizen Complaint where may be filed?

•All other citizen’s complaints against PNP

members, who are not assigned in the municipal
station or city police office/station or in areas
where no PLEB is organized, shall be filed with the
provincial or regional Internal Affairs Service
where the offense was committed; Provided, that
the jurisdiction of the summary dismissal
authorities shall not be affected.
 BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE

Where shall be filed?

•=Chief of Police or Equivalent Supervisors, where
the imposable penalty is admonition; reprimand;
restriction to specified limits; withholding of
privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any
combination of the foregoing; Provided, that in all
cases, the total period shall not exceed fifteen (15)
days;
 BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE

Where shall be filed?

•Provincial Directors or Equivalent Supervisors,
where imposable penalty is admonition or
reprimand; restrictive custody; withholding of
privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any
combination of the foregoing: Provided, that in all
cases, the total period shall not exceed thirty (30)
days;
•Regional Directors or Equivalent Supervisors have
jurisdiction over offenses punishable by dismissal
from the service and those where the imposable
penalties are admonition or reprimand; restrictive
custody; withholding of privileges; suspension or
forfeiture of salary; demotion; or any combination
of the fore-going: Provided, that in all cases, the
total period shall not exceed sixty (60) days; and
•Chief of the PNP has jurisdiction over offenses
punishable by dismissal from the service;
demotion; suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof for a period not exceeding
one hundred eighty (180) days. The Chief of the
PNP has the authority to place police personnel
under restrictive custody during the pendency of a
grave administrative or criminal case against him.
 REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD

•SEC. 1. Composition. – (a) The Regional Appellate Board (RAB) shall

be composed of a senior officer of the NAPOLCOM regional office
as chairperson and one (1) representative each from the PNP, and
the Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC) as members.
•(b) The RPOC representative shall be designated by way of a
resolution of the council; and the PNP representative shall be
designated by the PNP Regional Director. The designations shall be
confirmed by the Vice-Chairperson and Executive Officer of the
Commission.
=3 years
 What are appealable to RAB?
•) Decisions of the PLEB where the penalty imposed is demotion or
dismissal from the service;
•b) Decisions of the PNP Regional Director or equivalent supervisor,
where the penalty imposed is demotion or dismissal from the
service;
•c) Decisions of city and municipal Mayors in cases falling within their
respective jurisdictions; and
•d) Disciplinary recommendations of the Regional IAS which were not
acted upon by the PNP Regional Director or equivalent supervisor
within thirty (30) days from submission by the Regional IAS, where
the recommended penalty is demotion or dismissal from the service.
NATIONAL APPELLATE BOARD

•SEC. 1. Composition. – The National Appellate

Board shall be composed of the four (4) regular
commissioners and shall be chaired by the
Vice-Chairperson and Executive Officer.
 SEC. 2. What are Appealable. – The following are appealable to the
National Appellate Board:

•a) Decisions of the Chief of the PNP where the penalty imposed
is demotion or dismissal from the service;
•b) Disciplinary recommendations of the Inspector General, IAS
that were not acted upon by the Chief, PNP within thirty (30)
days from submission by the Inspector General, IAS, where the
recommended penalty is demotion or dismissal; and
•c) Decisions of the Inspector General affirming the Resolution of
the regional IAS dismissing the complaint for lack of probable
cause.
APPELLATE JURISDICTION OF THE SECRETARY
OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

•Jurisdiction of the Secretary. – Decisions of the

National Appellate Board (NAB) and the
Regional Appellate Board (RAB) may be
appealed to the Secretary of the Department of
the Interior and Local Government (SILG) in
accordance with the provisions of Rule 20
hereof.
APPELLATE JURISDICTION OF THE CIVIL SERVICE
COMMISSION

•. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Civil Service

Commission. – Decisions of the Secretary of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government
(SILG) in the exercise of his appellate jurisdiction and
decisions of the NAPOLCOM en banc as summary
dismissal authority may be appealed before the Civil
Service Commission in accordance with its Rules.
 What type of organization is the PNP?

Answer: LINE and STAFF Organization

Types of Police Organization

a. Line Functions
b. Staff Functions
c. Auxiliary Function
What are the Elements of Organization?

a. Specialization
b. Unity of Command
c. Delegation of Authority
d. Span of Control
 What is Scalar Principle ?
=shows the vertical hierarchy of the
organization which defines an
unbroken chain of units from top to
bottom describing explicitly the flow of
authority
 Scalar Principle Involved
•Chain of Command
•The Span of Control
•The Unity of Command
•The Delegation of authority
What is Police Planning?

• is an attempt by police administrators in

trying to allocate anticipated resources to
meet anticipated service demands. It is
the systematic and orderly determination
of facts and events as basis for policy
formulation and decision affecting law
enforcement management.
What is Operational Planning?

• is the use of a rational design or pattern for

all departmental undertakings rather than
relying on chance in an operational
environment. It is the preparation and
development of procedures and
techniques in accomplishing of each of the
primary tasks and functions of an
organization.
What is Police Operational Planning?

• is the act of determining policies and

guidelines for police activities and
operations and providing controls and
safeguards for such activities and
operations in the department.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLICE PLAN

1.Strategic or Long Range Plan – It relates

to plans which are strategic or long range
in application and it determine the
organization’s original goals and strategy.
 
Intermediate or Medium Range Planning
6 Masters Plans:
a. Master Plan Sandigan-Milenyo (Anti-Crime Master
Plan)
b. Master Plan Sandugo (Support to Internal Security
Operations Master Plan)
c. Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan)
d. Master Plan Sang-ingat (Security Operations
Master Plan)
e. Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management
Master Plan)
f. Sangyaman (protection and Preservation of
Environment, Cultural Properties, and Natural
Resources Master Plan)
3. Operational or Short Range Planning -
Refers to the production of plans, which
determine the schedule of special activity and
are applicable from one week or less than
year duration. Plan that addresses immediate
need which are specific and how it can be
accomplished on time with available
allocated resources.
 Anti-Riot Operations
•Containment
•Dispersal
•Prevention of Entry or Reentry
•Arrest Violators
•Establish Priorities
 What is Patrol?
= Backbone of the Police Organization

It was in this regard that the Egyptians

became the first people to use police dogs
on patrol. They also invented the lock.
 • The Hue and Cry - It was an ancient Saxon practice
that the invaders brought over to England. The horn, the
oldest known warning device in history, was sounded
when a person committed a crime, or a felon escaped,
and it was detected. When they hear this, they raised a
cry, sounded their horns, and by law had to lay aside
their work and join their pursuit. If they failed to join,
they were considered to have taken the part of the
escaping person and would be arrested. The law stated
that pursuit of the fugitive must continue until he was
caught or reached the sea.
 • The Metropolitan Police - In 1829, Sir Robert Peel
introduced the Metropolitan Police Act and was passed by
the English parliament of England in the same year. This law
led to the creation of the Metropolitan Police Force of
London, which is viewed by some historians as the first
organized uniformed police form. This police force was later
called Scotland Yard. Being the sponsor of the law, Peel
became the first head of the police organization thus earning
the title of “The Father of Modern Policing System.”
• The “New Police” by Peel were not well received at first.
Oftentimes, they were referred to as “Peel’s Bloody Gang,”
“Blue Devils,” and “Dirty Papists.”
 RA 9708- AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE
REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM
EDUCATION QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE
PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PUROPOSE
PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF THE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES– law
amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the
minimum education qualification for appointment to the PNP and
adjusting promotion system approved on 12 August 2009.
 Patrol effort made by the police may be in the form of any or
combination of the following:

1.Beat Patrol
a. Foot Patrol
b.Bicycle Patrol
1.Sector Patrol (Motorized Patrol)
a. Automobile Patrol
b.Motorcycle Patrol
c. Aircraft Patrol (Helicopter and Fixed Wing)
1.Specialized Patrol Methods
a. Horse (mounted) Patrol
b.Marine (water) Patrol
c. Canine (K-9) Assisted Patrol
d.Special Terrain Patrol
 Patrol Techniques

• 1. Routine Patrol-
•- Routine Patrol may be used specifically to
increase police visibility to reduce fear of
crime.
•- Routine Patrol is also used as a crime
reduction strategy.
•- Routine Patrol is focused on rapid
response.
• 2. Directed Patrol- is a tactic used by law enforcement
officers to try to prevent crime before it happens, from
running traffic enforcement on a street where speeding is a
concern to keeping surveillance on a house in a
neighborhood where drugs deals are occurring to paying
close attention to any other public safety issue. The areas
that are focused on may come from a statistical analysis,
which identifies problem areas based on calls for service or
officer-initiated investigations. Directed patrol is a proactive
form of policing. A directed patrol is usually not available to
respond to other calls, except for selected emergencies.
Directed patrols may be used for such things as escorts,
selected traffic control posts, or certain crime prevention
activities.
• 3. Saturation Patrol- Assigning a larger number of
uniformed officers than normal to an area to deal
with a particular crime problem.
• 4. Split Force- The idea behind this method is that
a patrol force in a given area may be more effective
if split into "reactive" and "proactive" patrol units.
This typically means that reactive units will have the
responsibility of answering all service calls.
• - A method in which the patrol force is split; half
responds to calls for service and the other half
performs directed patrol activities.
• 5. Suspect-Oriented Patrol- this tactic
involves simply patrolling for a suspect
who matches the description of an
offender in a series. Patrol officers scan
the streets for such an offender and,
when they identify one, obtain his
identification for later evidence
comparison.
• 6. Decoy Patrol- Decoy means trap, bait or induce. This
strategy involves disguise or deception which is
specifically used in high crimes areas by highly trained
specialist rather than regular patrol officer. Decoy or
undercover or plainclothes operations differ from
traditional patrol methods, in that the strategy is to rely
heavily on disguise, deception, and lying in wait rather
than upon high and low visibility patrol techniques. The
decoy patrol concept has achieved a high degree of
success against selected types of crimes in cities where
police department resources are available to support
the activities on a continuing basis.
• Manning Level of Patrol Force
• One basis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the patrol
force is the manning level or manpower of the police
organization. The patrol unit must get the most number of
uniformed personnel. The “rule of thumb” regarding the
manning level of any police department must be observed.
• In the Philippine setting, the rule regarding the manning
level of the police is provided under section 27 of Republic
Act # 6975. The standard manning level is 1:500 (1 police
officer for every 500 residents). However, in extreme
conditions, this manning level maybe stretched to maximum,
which is 1:1000 (1 police officer for every 1,000 resident).
 What are different types of calls
response by the police patrol?

•ROUTINE CALL

•URGENT CALL

•EMERGENCY CALL
 Identify what type of Call?
 Pursue or apprehend suspected
criminal/s.
 Investigate a crime in progress.
 Shoplifter complaint.
 Lost children complaints.
• What is Low Profile Theory?
- Hide and seek principle
- Crime suppression
- Reactive in Nature
• What is Theory of Police Omnipresence?
- Police Visibility
- Absence of crime
- Preventive in nature
- Creates a psychological deterrence
Recommended patrol patterns (can be applied in any of
the types of patrol):
a. Clockwise Pattern – usually done during the first hours
of patrolling.
b. Zigzag or Free-Wheeling Pattern - start at one corner
of the patrol area and work your way diagonally across
it to the opposite corner.
c. Criss-cross Pattern – more or less similar to zigzagging.
d. Straightway Pattern – the easiest to observe because
as the name implies, the patrol officer just follow the
length of the street.
e. Counter-clockwise – usually done before the tour of
patrol duty ends.
• WOLVES – It stands for Wireless Operational Link and Video
Exploration System; the system of attaching a miniature
camera and transmitter to a search dog; this equipment
make man’s best friend and even better friend, because the
dog can now be the eyes and ears of his handler in
situations where saving life is paramount objective.
• Bloodhounds – These tracking dog; a large powerful dog
with drooping ears, sagging jowls, and keen sense of smell,
formerly used for tracking.
 • What is the meaning of the acronym COPS?
• The acronym COPS refers to Community
Oriented Policing System. It is the deploying of
policemen in police blocks to provide police and
public safety services. It also involves the
breaking down of large and impersonal police
departments into small units to create as series
of mini-police precincts, which are responsive
to the smaller communities.
• THE INTEGRATED PATROL SYSTEM (IPS) OF THE PNP
• The Integrated Patrol System (IPS) of the
Philippine National Police is a concerted effort of the
whole PNP organization with other government
agencies. The purpose is for the effective
performance of the general role of the PNP which is
to deliver the basic public safety services to the
community.
• What is a Freak Crime Accident?
• There are situations when all the three
elements of the crime are present and merged
at the same time and the same place;
however the victim is not the intended one
due to error in persona (mistaken identity).
This is called a freak crime accident. Similarly,
the public still need to be protected against
these kinds of crimes.
 Security
• What are the types of Security?
• A. Physical Security
• B. Personnel Security
• C. Document and Information Security
• D. Hotel Security
• E. VIP Security
• F. Mall Security
• G. Supermarket Security
• H. Bank Security
• I. Aviation Security
 Type of Fences
• Full-View
Types of Full View Fence
a. Chain link
b. Concertina
c. Barb Wire
• Solid Fence
 Three Line of Physical Defense

1. First line of Defense- perimeter fences/ barriers

2. Second line of defense- doors, floors, windows,
walls, roofs and grills and other entries to the
buildings
3. Third line of defense- storage system like steel
cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files.
• What is a Restricted Area?
•A restricted area is any area in which personnel
or vehicles are controlled for reasons of security.
Restricted area is established to provide security for
installation or facilities and to promote efficiency of
security operations and economy in the use of
security personnel.
 Types of Restricted Areas

• Two types of restricted areas may be established to permit

different degrees of security within the same installation or facility,
and to provide efficient bases for the application of different
degrees of access, circulation and protection. These restricted
areas are termed Exclusion areas and Limited areas. Exclusion
Area- an exclusion area is a restricted area which contains a
security interest to TOP SECRET importance, and which requires
the highest degree of protection. Limited Area Control- a limited
area is a restricted area in which a lesser degree of control is
required than in an exclusion area but which the security interest
would be compromised by uncontrolled movement
 General Types of Lighting Sources
1. Incandescent lamp - it is the least expensive in terms of energy consumed
and has the advantage of providing instant illumination when the switch is on.
2. Mercury vapor lamp - it is considered more efficient that the incandescent and
used widespread in exterior lighting. This emits a purplish-white color, caused
by an electric current passing through a tube of conducting and luminous gas.
3. Metal halide - it has similar physical appearance to mercury vapor but
provides a light source of higher luminous efficiency and better color rendition.
4. Fluorescent - this provides good color rendition, high lamp efficiency as well
as long life. However, it cannot project light over long distance and thus are
not desirable as flood type lights.
5. High-pressure sodium vapor - this has gained acceptance for exterior lighting
of parking areas, roadways, buildings and commercial interior installations.
Constructed on the same principle as mercury vapor lamps, they emit a
golden white to light pink color and this provide high lumen efficiency and
relatively good color rendition.
• Types of Lighting Equipment
• Three types of lighting equipment are generally used or associated with
security lighting. These are:
1. Floodlights - These can be used to accommodate most outdoor security
lighting needs, including the illumination of boundaries, fences and
buildings and for the emphasis of vital areas or particular buildings.
2. Street lights - This lighting equipment received the most widespread
notoriety for its value in reducing crime.
3. Search lights - These are highly focused incandescent lamp and are
designed to pinpoint potential trouble spots.
4. Fresnel lights - These are wide beam units, primary used to extend the
illumination in long, horizontal strips to protect the approaches to the
perimeter barrier. Fresnel projects a narrow, horizontal beam that is
approximately 180 degrees in the horizontal and from 15 to 30 degrees in
the vertical plane.
 Types of Protective Alarm System

1. Central Station System - a type of alarm where the control station is located outside
the plant or installation. When the alarm is sounded or actuated by subscriber, the
central station notifies the police and other public safety agencies.
2. Proprietary system - centralized monitor of the proprietary alarm system is located in
the industrial firm itself with a duty operator. In case of alarm, the duty operator calls
whatever is the primary need; firefighters, police, an ambulance or a bomb disposal
unit.
3. Local Alarm – This system consist of ringing up a visual or audible alarm near the
object to be protected. When an intruder tries to pry a window, the alarm thereat
goes off.
4. Auxiliary alarm - company-owned alarm systems with a unit in the nearest police
station so that in case of need, direct call is possible. The company maintains the
equipment and lines both for the company and those in the police, fire and other
emergency agencies by special arrangement. Radio, landlines, or cell phones can
avail of the auxiliary system.
• Three (3) Types of Security Cabinet
1. Safe - a metallic container used for the safekeeping of documents or small items
in an office or installation. Safe can be classified as either robbery or burglary
resistance depending upon the use and need.
a. Its weight must be at least 750 lbs. And should be anchored to a building structure.
b. Its body should at least one inch thick steel.
2. Vault - heavily constructed fire and burglar resistance container usually a part of
the building structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable
instruments. Vaults are bigger than safe but smaller than a file room.
a. The vault door should be made of steel at least 6 inches in thickness.
b. The vault walls, ceiling, floor reinforce concrete at least 12 inches in thickness.
c. The vault must be resistive up to 6 hours.
3. File room - a cubicle in a building constructed a little lighter than a vault but of
bigger size to accommodate limited people to work on the records inside.
a. The file room should at most be 12 feet high.
b. It must have a watertight door and at least fire proof for one hour.
• Types of Security Guard Forces
1. Private Security Agency - any person, association, partnership, firm or private
corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or post any security guard,
to do its functions or solicit individual s, business firms, or private, public or
government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of
his/its security guards, for hire commission or compensation.
2. Company Security Force - A security force maintained and operated any private
company/ corporation for its own security requirements only.
3. Government Security Unit - a security unit maintained and operated by any
government entity other than military and/a police, which is established and
maintained for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension
such government entity.
• Typical Structure of a Security Organization
 Document Security
• Top Secret/G
• Secret/R
• Confidential /B
• Restricted /W
• Types of Proprietary Information
1. Trade Secrets- this consist of any formula, pattern, device or
compilation of information which is used in one’s business and
which gives him an opportunity to gain an advantage over
competitors who do not know or us e it. It may be a formula for
a chemical compound a process of manufacturing, treating or
preserving materials, a pattern for machine or device, or a list
of customers. It differs from other secret information as to
single or ephemeral events. A trade secret is a process or
device for continuous use in the protection of the business.
2. Patents- this is a grant made by the government to an inventor,
conveying or securing to him the exclusive right to make, use,
or sell his invention for term of years.
 Types Of Human Hazards

• Sabotage
• Subversive Activity
• Espionage
• Pilferage
• Relative Criticality
• Relative Vulnerability
 Police intelligence
• TERMINOLOGY
Subject of Surveillance - the person, place or object being
watched
Surveillant - the person who does the following or maintains the
watch.
Convoy - an associate of the subject who follows the subject in an
attempt to detect surveillance.
Contact - any person with whom the subject speaks, to whom he
gives articles, or from whom he receives articles.
Stake-out - a process wherein a part of the surveillant group
clandestinely positions him in advantageous and fixed position to
clearly monitor and observe the subject and his activities.
Eye Ball - the channel which has direct observation of the subject
by trailing the subject and relaying immediately information to other
members of the surveillance team.
Safe house – is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an
apartment, where police undercover men meet for debriefing or
reporting purposes.
Drop – any person is a convenient, secure and unsuspecting
place where police undercover men meet his action agent for
debriefing or reporting purposes.
Convoy – an accomplice or associate of the subject used to
avoid or elude surveillant.
Decoy – a cover supporting the surveillant who can become a
convoy whenever surveillant is burned.
Contact – any persons whom the subject picks or deals with
while he is under observation and identifies the observer.
Made – when subject under surveillance becomes aware that
he is under observation and identifies the observer.
Lost – when the surveillant does not know the whereabouts of
his subject or the subject had eluded the surveillance.
 INTELLIGENCE MAY BE CLASSIFIED INTO THE
FOLLOWING:

• 1. Strategic Intelligence -- Intelligence information

which is primarily long-range in nature with little or no
immediate practical value.
•  
• 2. Counter-Intelligence -- The type of intelligence
activity which deals with defending of the organization against
its criminal enemies.
•  
• 3. Line Intelligence -- The type of intelligence which is of
an immediate nature and necessary for more effective police
planning and operations.
•  
• Evaluation
• The standard evaluation table is as follows:
• Reliability of Source/Agency Accuracy of Information
• A - Completely Reliable 1 - Confirmed by other sources
• B - Usually Reliable 2 - Probably true
• C - Fairly Reliable 3 - Possibly true
• D - Not usually reliable4 - Doubtfully true
• E - Unreliable 5 - Improbable
• F - Reliability cannot be judged 6 - Truth cannot be judged
• Source of Information
• S - SIGINT
• T - Commander
• U - Intelligence Operatives
• V - Troops engaged in operation/encounter
• W - Captured enemy
• X - Government civilian employee
• Y - Populace
• Z – Documents
 Intelligence Cycle
• 1. Planning of the Collection Effort
• 2. Collection of Information
• 3. Processing of Information
4. Dissemination & Use of
Intelligence

The CORE: MISSION

 Contribution of Personalities
• Alexander the Great
• Frederick II the Great
• Genghis Khan
• Hannibal
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Stieber Schulmeister
• Sun Tzu
• MOSES
• DELILAH
 Different types of intelligence agency
in the world:
FSD - Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, is the main
domestic security agency of the Russian Federation, and the main
successor of the Cheka, NKVD and the KGB.
General Directorate For External Security - France external intelligence
agency, operating under the direction of the French Ministry of Defense.
ASIS - Australian Secret Intelligence Service - Primary responsibility is
gathering intelligence from mainly Asian and Pacific interest using agents
stationed in wide variety of areas. Its main purpose like other most
agencies is to protect the country's political and economic interest and
ensure the safety of its citizens against national threats. ASIS was formed
in 1952, but its existence remained secret even within the Government
until 1972. ASIS is part of the Australian Intelligence Community
responsible for the collection of foreign intelligence, including both
counter-intelligence and liaising with the intelligence agencies of other
countries.
 BND, abbreviation of Bundesnachrichtendienst, German:
“Federal Intelligence Service”, foreign intelligence agency of the
West German government. Created in April 1956, it absorbed the
“Gehlen Organization,” a covert intelligence force which was created
by Major General Reinhard Gehlen after World War II and which
cooperated with U.S. intelligence agencies.
 CIA - Central Intelligence Agency, is the civilian intelligence agency
of the USA. It is the largest intelligence agency in the world.
 ISI - Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan's premier intelligence
agency. It was established in 1948. Its office is located in Islamabad.
 MI6 - Secret Intelligence Service, supplies the British government of
foreign intelligence.
 MSS - Ministry of State Security, is the security agency of the
Peoples Republic of China.
 Mole - also known as sleeper agent. Tasked with monitoring an
organization or individual. A mole can spend years in the same place
only responding to missions when assigned. They are trained to be
visible but to keep their motives unknown.
 Mossad - Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations,
is responsible for the intelligence collection and covert
operation of the Israel government, Its Director reports
directly to the
Israel Prime Minister.  It is one of the entities of the Israeli
intelligence community along with AMAN (Military
Intelligence) and SHIN BET (Internal Security)
 NICA - National Intelligence Coordinating Agency, the
primary intelligence gathering arm of the Philippines. Its
motto is Knowledge is Safety. It is headed by a Director
General and is assisted by a Deputy Director General.
The Director General reports directly to the President of
the Philippines.
 EO 492 issued on February 1, 2006, ordered the NICA to activate
the National Maritime Aerial Reconnaissance and Surveillance
Center or NMARSC. The NMARSC shall serve as the primary Intel
provider for the Philippine intelligence community. Under the
supervision and oversight of the National Security Adviser, the NICA-
NMARSC will operate unmanned aerial vehicles or UAV's to cater to
the imagery intelligence demands of various government agencies.
 Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti = it was the umbrella
organization of Soviet Union’s Premier security, the secret police
intelligence agency in Russia until 1995.
 Common of Independent States (CIS) = There are 12 members;
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakstan, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Kyrgzstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Georgia.
 Comparative Police System

Highest Rank and Lowest Rank

Country Police Departme Highest Lowest
Force nt Rank rank
Afghanist (ANP) Ministry Police 2nd
an of the General Patrolman
Interior
Armenia Police of Ministry Police Junior
the of Colonel Seargeant
Republic Defense General
of
Armenia