Tutorial Task Week 12 Group 5

TUTORIAL
TASK
GROUP 5: NABILA, AZHARINA, WAN ATHIRAH, ATIRA
Discuss social dialects
with reference to
regional variation.
2
International
varieties
REGIONAL
VARIATION
Cross- Intra-national
continental or intra-
variation: continental
dialect chains variation
3
1.
International Varieties
Shows how different parts of the world use the same language
differently in terms in the sense of pronunciation, vocabulary
(word choice) and grammatical structures
i) Pronunciation
The different pronunciation under the international varieties context shows how
different countries pronounce the same word differently(or might sound
differently in the ears of others from different country)
For example: When New Zealanders pronounces words like ‘bad’ and ‘dad’, the
British might hear it as ‘bed’ and ‘dead’ respectively.
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ii) Vocabulary
The different choice of words that are used in different parts of the world
can be one of the indicators for a listener to guess where you are from
For example: The word ‘single parents’ is used by the British to represent
a man or woman who are raising a family or children on their own without
the existence of the partner.
However, Australians call them ‘sole parents’ and ‘solo parents’ by the
New Zealanders.
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iii) Grammar
The different grammatical structure used by speakers from different parts of
the world also acts as a label to indicate where they are from
For example:
AMERICAN BRITISH
Do you have a match? Have you got a match?
She has gotten used to the noise She’s got used to the noise
This
He dove in, head first. He dived in head first. differences
also
Did you eat yet? Have you eaten yet? happens in
all other
languages
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Sometimes the differences between dialects are a matter of
frequencies with which particular features occur, rather than
completely different ways of saying things.
For example: How do we pronounce the word ‘bottle’ or ‘water’?

Do we pronounce the ‘t’ in those words or we omit them(glottal
stop)?
And do we pronounce them the same way every time we say that
word in daily conversations?
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2.
Intra-national
or
Intra-continental variation
➢ ‘Intra’ here indicates within a country or continent
➢ Therefore, we are talking about not just different
accents but with dialect differences within a country
➢ Dialectologists can distinguish regional varieties for
almost every English country such as Yorkshire,
Somerset and so on.
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➢ Some dialects, such as Scouse, Cockney and Geordie even
have distinct names showing how significant they are in
distinguishing groups from one another.
➢ For example: In London area, the Cockney dialect is quite
distinctive with its glottal stop(?) instead of (t) in words
like ‘bitter’ and ‘butter’.
And its rhyming slang, ‘trouble’ and ‘strife’ for
‘wife’
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➢ Another example: Just like the Terengganu people in
Malaysia omits the (r) in almost every word that has ‘r’
and tends to replace it with (w).
rumah-> umah / wumah
orang-> o-ang / owang
➢ Words for dragonfly in the Eastern states include darning
needle, mosquito hawk, spindle, snake feeder, snake doctor
and snake waiter.
➢ But in New York, only darning needle is used. From that,
New York developed two new variants dining needle and
diamond needle
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➢ Another examples:
The Kelantanese will say ‘ma-ke’, and the Terengganu
people will say ‘makang’ for makan (Standard BM)
Or
‘Ceke-dish’ for tidbits by Kelantanese and ‘jajan’ by

Johorians while it is ‘makanan ringan’ in the standard BM.
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3.
Cross-continental
variation: dialect chains
➢ A particular language will be used by people living in
nearby towns, villages
➢ There is a chain of language from one village or town to
the next one
➢ Although it won’t be completely the same language, there
would be some similarity that is understandable.
➢ For example: French spoken in the border towns and
villages of Italy, Spain and Switzerland
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➢ Languages are not purely linguistic entities as
they also serve as social functions
➢ It is important to look a language’s social and
political functions as well as linguistic features
to define a language
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➢ A language can be thought of as a collection of dialects that
are usually linguistically similar, used by different social
groups who choose to say that they are speakers of one
language which functions to unite and represent them to other
groups
➢ For example:
Chinese language acts to unite the other dialects such as
Mandarin, Hakka, Cantonese and others although Chinese who
speak one dialect necessary understands other speakers of other
dialects although they might share similar linguistic features.
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THANK YOU!
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For example: How do we pronounce the word ‘bottle’ or ‘water’?

‘Ceke-dish’ for tidbits by Kelantanese and ‘jajan’ by

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