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    Funtional Grammar: Group 1: Clause Complex

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    Đoàn Văn Tiến
    Here are the steps to analyze the clause complexes in the example sentences: 1. She says: "I like tuna fish.” - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: "I like tuna fish.” 2. She says that she likes tuna fish. - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: that she likes tuna fish 3. “This should be a good day”, she imagined. - Projected clause: “This should be a good day” - Ranking clause: she imagined 4. She thought to herself that she could do it. - Ranking clause: She thought to herself - Projected clause: that

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    Funtional Grammar: Group 1: Clause Complex

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    Đoàn Văn Tiến
    43 views24 pages
    Here are the steps to analyze the clause complexes in the example sentences: 1. She says: "I like tuna fish.” - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: "I like tuna fish.” 2. She says that she likes tuna fish. - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: that she likes tuna fish 3. “This should be a good day”, she imagined. - Projected clause: “This should be a good day” - Ranking clause: she imagined 4. She thought to herself that she could do it. - Ranking clause: She thought to herself - Projected clause: that

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    CLAUSE COMPLEX

    Original Title

    CLAUSE COMPLEX

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    Here are the steps to analyze the clause complexes in the example sentences: 1. She says: "I like tuna fish.” - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: "I like tuna fish.” 2. She says that she likes tuna fish. - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: that she likes tuna fish 3. “This should be a good day”, she imagined. - Projected clause: “This should be a good day” - Ranking clause: she imagined 4. She thought to herself that she could do it. - Ranking clause: She thought to herself - Projected clause: that

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views24 pages

    Funtional Grammar: Group 1: Clause Complex

    Uploaded by

    Đoàn Văn Tiến
    Here are the steps to analyze the clause complexes in the example sentences: 1. She says: "I like tuna fish.” - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: "I like tuna fish.” 2. She says that she likes tuna fish. - Ranking clause: She says - Projected clause: that she likes tuna fish 3. “This should be a good day”, she imagined. - Projected clause: “This should be a good day” - Ranking clause: she imagined 4. She thought to herself that she could do it. - Ranking clause: She thought to herself - Projected clause: that

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    FUNTIONAL

    GRAMMAR

    GROUP 1: CLAUSE COMPLEX

    Presentor:
    1. Đoàn Văn Tiến
    2. Nguyễn Quốc Đạt
    3. Nguyễn Bạch Tuyết Ngân
    ⊙ In traditional approach, we discuss
    sentences as written language.

    ⊙ However, people
    do not speak in
    Clause sentences.

    comple ⊙ Instead, we speak in


    MESSAGES which are
    x and se realized grammatically in
    CLAUSE and CLAUSE
    ntence COMPLEX.
    Clause complex is the notion introduced by
    Halliday in his An Introduction to
    Functional Grammar.
    Content
    1.
    Clause complex and sentence

    2.
    Types of relationship between clauses 
    3.
    Types of interdependence (Taxis)

    4.
    Expansion and Projection
     
    5
    Model of analysis 
    1
    What is a clause complex?
    A clause complex is comprised of two or more
    clauses LOGICALLY CONNECTED, or put anot
    her way, it is a sequence of processes which ar
    e
    logically connected.
    A sentence can be interpreted as a clause
    complex: a head clause + modifying clauses.
    Taxis Logico-semantic
    Types of Taxis Logico-semantic
    (Interdependency) Relation
    (Interdependency) Relation
    Relationship
    in Clause a taxis relationship a logical relation
    a taxis relationship a logical relation
    Complex shows how the expresses the
    shows how the expresses the
    in Clause clauses combine logic of natural
    clauses combine logic of natural
    Complex to form the language
    to form the language
    structure
    structure

    5
    Parataxis
    (Numbers: 1,2,3...)

    “
    Taxis
    Hypotaxis
    (Interdependency)
    (Greek letters: α,
    β, γ…)
    Clause Elaboration (=)
    complex
    Extension (+)
    Expansion
    Logico-semantic
    Relation Enhancement (x)

    Projection
    Locution (“)

    Ideas (‘)
    2. Types of Relationship in Clause
    Clauses of equal status are often joined by conjunctions:
    FANBOYS: FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO

    AND (additive: addition, time sequence, logical


    sequence)
    I love you, and I want to marry you.
    1 2
    Parataxis OR (disjunctive: alternation)
    (Coordinated Are you going out, or are you staying home?
    clauses) 1 2
    BUT (adversative: contrast)
    I like you, but I do not love you.
    1 2
    SO (consequential, cause and effect)
    I’ve started, so I’ll finish.
    1 2
    7
    One Clause can be dependent on another:

    Dominant clause (alpha) α


    Dependent clause (beta) β
    Hypotaxis
    (Subordinated
    clauses)
    Ex: She eats cakes until she feels sick.
    α β

    8
    Dependent Clauses are often joined by conjunctions:
    AS/BECAUSE WHEN
    (after, although, if, unless, so that, therefore)

    I cannot marry you because I am already married.


    Hypotaxis α β
    (Subordinated Because I am already married, I cannot marry you.
    clauses) β α
    Summers seemed longer when I was a child.
    α β
    When I was a child, summers seemed longer.
    β α

    9
    1. A non-defining relative clause is considered dependent:
    The car, which was broken, cost him nothing.
    α β α
    (*The car cost him nothing, which was broken.)
    He paid nothing for the car, which was a good price.
    Dependent α β
    Clause 2. Whereas, a defining relative clause is considered rank
    versus shifted and not part of a clause complex:
    Rank-shifting
    The car that was broken cost him nothing.
    Subject (head: modifier) Predicate
    (The broken car cost him nothing. The other one cost him a
    lot.)

    10
    LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS
    Halliday groups the logical relations of language under two headings:

    1. Expansion: a secondary clause expands the meaning of the primary


    clause in some way
    LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS
    2. PROJECTION
    She asked, “Will you wait for us?”
    Projecting clause Projected clause

    “Will they wait for us?”, she thought to herself


    Projected clause Projecting clause

    She said that she could.


    Projecting clause Projected clause

    She thought she could.


    Projecting clause Projected clause

    ‘
    LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS
    2. PROJECTION
    Two types of process in a clause which can project another clause:
    1. Verbal: ask, say, request, answer, reply,…

    “
    When the projected clause contains a saying (locution), we use the d
    ouble quotation mark “
    LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS
    2. PROJECTION
    Two types of process in a clause which can project another clause:
    2. Mental: think, wonder, imagine, …

    ‘
    ‘
    When the projected clause contains an idea, we use the sing
    le
    quotation mark ‘
    3. PARATACTIC & HYPOTACTIC PROJECTION

    She says, "I like tuna fish.” sayings or


    Paratactic 1 2 ideas are
    projection She thinks to herself, "Oh, come on, just ride it". “quoted”
    1 2
    __

    She says that she likes tuna fish. sayings or


    α ß ideas are
    Hypotactic
    projection She thought to herself that she could do it reported
    α ß
    2. PARATACTIC & HYPOTACTIC PROJECTION

    She said that she was visiting Paris the following weekend.

    ‘I can't stay here”, she thought to herself

    ‘
    SUMMERIZE:
    four types of projection connection
    People’s sayings or ideas are quoted via paratactically related clauses
    People’s sayings or ideas are reported via hypotactically related clauses

    Quote paratactic Report hypotactic


    12 αß
    locution (verbal) She said, “I can” She said she could
    1 "2 α “ß

    Idea (mental) She thought, ‘I can.’ She thought she could


    1 ‘2 α ‘ß
    PRACTICE
    2. PROJECTION

    She says: "I like tuna fish.”

    She says that she likes tuna fish.

    “This should be a good day”, she imagined.

    She thought to herself that she could do it


    PRACTICE
    STEPS:
    1. identify the ranking clauses
    2. identify the clause complexes
    3. identify the interdependency
    4. identify the logico-semantic relations - expansion or
    projection (locution or idea) between the clauses in
    the clause complexes.
    1. identify the ranking clauses
    2. identify the clause complexes
    3. identify the interdependency
    4. identify the logico-semantic relations - expansion or
    projection (locution or idea) between the clauses in
    the clause complexes.

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