The Principle of Totality and Its Integrity

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The Principle of
Totality and its
Integrity
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Principle of Totality of a Human Person
 To promote human dignity In community, every

person must develop, use,care for and preserved all
of his or her natural physical and psychic functions in
such a way that:
a. Lower functions are never sacrificed except for the

better functioning of the whole person and even then
with an effort to compensate for this sacrifice.
b. The basic capacities that define human personhood

are never sacrificed unless this is necessary to
preserve life.
z Principle of Totality of a Human Person
 To be a complete human being is not merely having
the higher level of functions but to have all basic
human functions in harmonious order.
 Human body function contribute to higher functions

not merely by supplying what is needed for
physiological functioning, they also supply part of the
human experience that is essential to human
intelligence and freedom.
 The good of the part is essentially subordinate to the

good of the whole.
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Principle of Totality of a Human
Person
 In case danger to itself, the whole can dispose of the
part for its own benefit.
 In a living physical organism such as the human

organism, the parts by their very nature exist for the
sake of the whole.
z Conditions for Principle of Totality
1. That the organ by its deterioration in function may

cause damage to the whole organism or at least
pose a serious threat to it.
2. That there is no other way than taking the indicated

action against it or obtaining the desired good result.
3. That the damage being avoided to the whole is

propositional to that which is caused by the
mutilation or incapacitation of the part.
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Conditions for Principle of Totality
 This principle of totality does not apply to moral

organization (family, society and humanity), a person
is still independent. He is not a subordinate to any
group. He is the subject, principle, and end of all
social institutions.
 Authority cannot directly dispose the physical and

personal being of a person, removal of the
undesirable or weak parts of the society.
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Ethico-Moral Responsibility of
Nurses in Surgery
CORE COMPETENCY 1:
Respects the rights of individual/ groups
Indicator:
○ Renders nursing care consistent with the patient’s bill
of rights (ie. confidentiality of information, privacy, etc.)
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Nurses in Surgery
CORE COMPETENCY 2
Accepts responsibility & accountability for own decisions
and actions
Indicators:
○ Meets nursing accountability requirements as
embodied in the job description
○ Justifies basis for nursing actions and judgment
○ Protects a positive image of the profession
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Nurses in Surgery
CORE COMPETENCY 3
Adheres to the national and international code of ethics
for nurses
Indicators:
○ Adheres to the Code of Ethics for Nurses and abides
by its provisions
○ Reports unethical and immoral incidents to proper
authorities
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Ethical Issues
1. Mutilation
 Destruction of a member, part/organ of the body

(organic) or the suppression of a physical function
(functional) in such a way that the organism becomes
no longer basically whole.
 Is an action by which an organic function/ the use of a

member of the body is intentionally and destroyed
either partially or wholly.
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Ethical Issues
Types of Mutilation
1. Direct- Willed in itself, as end and as means,

intended and caused intrinsically wrong. Offends
human dignity. Individual does not have the right to
mutilate himself, much less the society.
2. Indirect (Therapeutic)- Licit is an act of good

stewardship of the body; necessary for the survival
of the patient or to free him Of proportional sufferings
/ infirmities.
z Ethical Issues
2. Sterilization
 A medical or surgical intervention,which causes a patient

incapacity of generation.
1. Indirect (Therapeutic)- Inevitably required for the survival

amd health of a person, sexual organs, Integrating parts
which must yield to the good of the whole. Licit if:
a. Sickness is grave, certainly diagnosed and definitive that it

offsets the evil of sterilization.
b. It is necessary because this is the only possibly remedy.
c. ExclusiveLy curative. Intention is important.

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Ethical Issues
2. Direct- Immediate effect is to render precreation impossible.
Types:
a. Eugenics- Seeking to avoid the transmission of hereditary

defects.
b. Hedonistic- Evade the complications and responsibilities of

procreation without giving up the sexual pleasure.
c. Demographic- To control birth rate.
d. Preventive- Render pregnancy impossible which might

aggravate the sickness that already exist.
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Ethical Issues
3. Organ Donation
 A person may will to dispose of his body and to destine it

to ends that are useful, morality irreproachable and even
noble among them, tge desire to aid the sick and suffering.
– Pius XII
Criteria:
a. There’s a serious on the part of the recipient that cannot

be fulfilled in any other way.
b. The functionsl integrity of a donor with a human person will

not be impaired even though anotomical integrity may suffer.
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Ethical Issues
c. The risk taken by the donor is an act of charity is proportionate to the
good resulting to the recipient.
d. The donor’s consent if free and informed.
e. The recipient of the scarce organs are selected justify.
4. Cadaver Donation
It is forbidden to the cause the death of the donor of the organ transplant.
3 Conditions:
1. The donor must be verbally and legitimately dead
2. Informed consent
3. Remain must be treated with respect.

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The Principle of Totality and Its Integrity

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 To promote human dignity In community, every

a. Lower functions are never sacrificed except for the

b. The basic capacities that define human personhood

 Human body function contribute to higher functions

 The good of the part is essentially subordinate to the

 In a living physical organism such as the human

1. That the organ by its deterioration in function may

2. That there is no other way than taking the indicated

3. That the damage being avoided to the whole is

 This principle of totality does not apply to moral

 Authority cannot directly dispose the physical and

 Destruction of a member, part/organ of the body

 Is an action by which an organic function/ the use of a

1. Direct- Willed in itself, as end and as means,

2. Indirect (Therapeutic)- Licit is an act of good

 A medical or surgical intervention,which causes a patient

1. Indirect (Therapeutic)- Inevitably required for the survival

a. Sickness is grave, certainly diagnosed and definitive that it

b. It is necessary because this is the only possibly remedy.

c. ExclusiveLy curative. Intention is important.

a. Eugenics- Seeking to avoid the transmission of hereditary

b. Hedonistic- Evade the complications and responsibilities of

c. Demographic- To control birth rate.

d. Preventive- Render pregnancy impossible which might

 A person may will to dispose of his body and to destine it

a. There’s a serious on the part of the recipient that cannot

b. The functionsl integrity of a donor with a human person will

d. The donor’s consent if free and informed.

e. The recipient of the scarce organs are selected justify.

1. The donor must be verbally and legitimately dead

3. Remain must be treated with respect.

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