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    Machine Vision3

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    diiiiips
    Machine vision involves acquiring image data using cameras, processing the digital images using computer algorithms to interpret patterns and features, and applying the analysis to tasks like inspection and counting. There are 2D and 3D machine vision systems that use different camera and lighting techniques to capture images and segment, extract features from, and recognize patterns in the images. Machine vision has various applications including inspection to automatically check parts for flaws, dimensions, and assembly accuracy.

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    Machine Vision3

    Uploaded by

    diiiiips
    111 views23 pages
    Machine vision involves acquiring image data using cameras, processing the digital images using computer algorithms to interpret patterns and features, and applying the analysis to tasks like inspection and counting. There are 2D and 3D machine vision systems that use different camera and lighting techniques to capture images and segment, extract features from, and recognize patterns in the images. Machine vision has various applications including inspection to automatically check parts for flaws, dimensions, and assembly accuracy.

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    Machine vision

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    Machine vision involves acquiring image data using cameras, processing the digital images using computer algorithms to interpret patterns and features, and applying the analysis to tasks like inspection and counting. There are 2D and 3D machine vision systems that use different camera and lighting techniques to capture images and segment, extract features from, and recognize patterns in the images. Machine vision has various applications including inspection to automatically check parts for flaws, dimensions, and assembly accuracy.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    111 views23 pages

    Machine Vision3

    Uploaded by

    diiiiips
    Machine vision involves acquiring image data using cameras, processing the digital images using computer algorithms to interpret patterns and features, and applying the analysis to tasks like inspection and counting. There are 2D and 3D machine vision systems that use different camera and lighting techniques to capture images and segment, extract features from, and recognize patterns in the images. Machine vision has various applications including inspection to automatically check parts for flaws, dimensions, and assembly accuracy.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Machine Vision

    Acquisition of image data, followed by the


    processing and interpretation of these data by
    computer for some useful application like
    inspection, counting etc.
    Types of Machine vision System
     2D system
    ◦ Most commonly using system.
    ◦ For measuring dimensions of parts.
     Verifying presence of components.
     Checking features of Flat or semi flat surfaces.
     3D system
    ◦ Only for special purpose
     Application include 3D analysis of scenes.
    Operational Functions of Machine
    Vision:-
     Image acquisition and digitization
     Image processing and analysis
     Interpretation
    Image Acquisition and Digitization
     What the hell is this?
    ◦ It is nothing but capture the images or video using
    a video camera (image acquisition is over now) then
    digitize the image using an ADC( Analog to digital
    converter) and store the image data for subsequent
    analysis.

    Take ok….
    Camera ready….
    Action….
    Components of Image Acquisition
    and Digitization
     Of course there is a camera for capturing
    video

     Light sources for providing light

     Analog to digital converter (ADC)


    Vision Systems
    There are mainly two types of vision system
    they are:-
     Binary System
     Gray scale system
    Types of CAMERAS
     Vidicon Cameras

     Solid-State Cameras
    Illumination (Light source)
    The scene captured by the vision camera
    must be well illuminated and the illum
    ination must be constant over time
     There are mainly five categories of lighting

    systems.
    ◦ Front lighting
    ◦ Back lighting
    ◦ Side lighting
    ◦ Structured lighting
    ◦ Strobe lighting.
     Front lighting.
    ◦ Light source is located at the same side of the
    camera.
    ◦ Produces a reflected light from the object that allow
    inspection of surface features.
     Back lighting.
    ◦ Light source is placed between behind the object
    being viewed by the camera.
    ◦ This create dark silhouette of the object that
    contrasts sharply with the light background.
    ◦ This type is used for inspect parts dimension and
    distinguish between part outlines.

    Silhouette

    Back Lighting
     Side lighting
    ◦ Light source is placed at the side of the surface to
    be illuminated.
    ◦ For finding out surface irregularities, flaws, defects
    on the surface.
     Structured lighting
    ◦ Projection of special light pattern onto the object.
    ◦ Usually planer sheet of highly focused light are
    used.

    The above elevation differences are calculated by


    trigonometric relation
     Strobe Lighting.
    ◦ The scene is illuminated by short pulse of high
    intensity light which causes moving object appear
    to be stationary.
    ◦ This is dangerous causing migraine, fizz to the
    operator… 
    Image Processing and Analysis
    Different techniques for image processing and
    analysis the image data in machine vision
    system.
     Segmentation( consist of two different

    technique)
    ◦ Thresholding
    ◦ Edge detection

     Feature extraction
     Segmentation:- Indented to define separate
    region of interest within the image.
    ◦ The two common segmentation techniques.
     Thresholding
     Conversion of each pixel intensity level into a binary value,
    representing black or white.
     There is a threshold value of intensity
     If the value of the pixel of the image is less than the
    threshold value then the pixel value is Zero(Black)
    otherwise One( White).

    Monalisa after thresholding


    Edge detection
     Determines the location of boundaries between an
    object and its surroundings in an image.
     This is accomplished by identifying the contrast in
    light intensity that exists between adjecent pixels at
    the border of the objects.

    Monolisa after edge detection


     Feature extraction.
    ◦ Used for extracting features like area, length,
    width, diameter, perimeter from the image.

    The area of the leaf can be calculated by counting the


    number of squares in it. 
    Interpretation
     Pattern recognition.
     Two common pattern recognition technique

    are:-
    ◦ Template matching
    ◦ Feature weighting.
     Pattern recognition
    ◦ Recognizing the object
    ◦ Comparing the image with predefined models or
    standard values.
    ◦ Template matching:-
     Compare one or more feature of an image with the
    corresponding feature of model or template stored in
    computer memory.
     Image is compared pixel by pixel.
     Disadvantage : very difficult to aligning the part in the
    same position and orientation in front of the camera, to
    allow the comparison to be made with out complication in
    the image processing.
    ◦ Feature Weighting.
     Several features like area, length and perimeter are
    combined into a single measure by assigning a weight
    to each feature according to the relative importance in
    the identifying the object.
     The score of the object in the image is compared with
    the score of the image in the computer memory to
    achieve proper identification.
    Application of Machine vision
     Inspection

     Identification

     Visual guidance and control


     Machine vision in inspection
    ◦ 80% of inspection works in industries are done by
    machine vision
    ◦ Save lot’s of time
     Dimensional measurement
     Dimensional gaging.
     Verification of the presence of components.
     Verification of hole location and number of holes.
     Detection of surface flaws and defects.
     Detection of flaws in a printed label.
    Reference
     Automation, Production system and computer
    integrated manufacturing by Mikell P Groover.

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