Measures To Reduce Air Pollution:: Condensation

Measures
to Reduce
Air
Pollution:
Condensation
Group 7
ChE – 3201
Pitel, Margie
Plaza, Kyla Marie
Rallos, Sophia Lourdes
Ramos, John Emmanuel
Introduction
Many pollutants, both natural and synthetic, are gaseous

in nature and require specific technology to effectively
remove the pollutant from an exhaust or process gas stream.
Gaseous industrial pollutants can include:
• Acid Gases (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,

hydrogen sulfide, and many others)
• Inorganic Gases (Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides,
Ammonia, etc.)
• Organic Gases (Ethylene, Benzene, Ethanol, and
many other volatile organic compounds [VOCs] or
hazardous air pollutants [HAPs])
Condensation
Condensation is a process used heavily throughout industry
to convert a gas or vapor to liquid. Any gas can be reduced to a
liquid by sufficiently lowering the temperature (or increasing the
pressure). Common examples can include distillation of various
hydrocarbons in refining operations and drying of air. Condensation
can be used to remove a pollutant from a gas stream if the dew
point of the pollutant is higher than the carrier gas (or non-pollutant
gas).
Way of Condensing
The most common form of condensing is by

lowering temperature. While increasing pressure can
be equally effective, a pressure condensing technique
is usually more expensive. Condensers are simple and
relatively inexpensive devices that normally use water
or air as the coolant. In other, more sophisticated
condensers, a cryogenic method will reduce gas stream
temperatures by several hundred degrees.
Application
In modern applications for air pollution control,

condensers are commonly used as pre-treatment
devices. Condensers can be used in front of absorbers,
adsorbers, and oxidizers to reduce the total gas volume
treated or to selectively remove certain organic
compounds from the gas stream for re-use in the
process or some form of beneficial use recovery.
Application
Application
Application
Types of Condenser
Since the more common condensation device in air

pollution control is based on lowering temperatures (as
opposed to increasing pressure), there are two different
methods of accomplishing this. Direct contact
condensers operate by mixing the contaminated gas
stream with the cooling medium. Indirect (or surface)
condensers work when the contaminated gas stream is
kept separate from the coolant medium, similar to a
radiator or heat exchanger.
1) Contact Condenser
2) Surface Condenser
Direct Contact
Condenser
Contact condensers are usually
simple, low cost devices. The
condensate usually cannot be re-used
because of contamination by the
coolant. This may cause waste disposal
problems. The bulk of contact
condensers use indirect or surface
designs.
Surface
Condenser
A more widely used condenser is the surface
condenser. These systems are employed extensively
throughout chemical process industries. In surface
condensers, the contaminated gas stream is
separated by a physical barrier, with the cooling
medium on the other side of the barrier. Common
devices types may include shell and tube, plate and
frame, fin tube, and bare tube, among others.
Conclusion
Condensers are not widely used as standalone air

pollution control devices. The more common use
for condensers is as pre-treatment devices. The
final selection of the condenser will be based on
many factors, such as intended goals,
contaminated air stream composition, available
types of coolants, condensate recovery value, etc.
Condensation is just one of the technologies used to

remove gaseous pollutants from contaminated air
streams. As mentioned, there are several other
technologies that provide air pollution control, as
well.
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
ChE 3201
Group 7
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References:
Air Pollution Control Technology Review: Condensation (cpilin
k.com)

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Measures

Many pollutants, both natural and synthetic, are gaseous

• Acid Gases (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,

The most common form of condensing is by

In modern applications for air pollution control,

Since the more common condensation device in air

Condensers are not widely used as standalone air

Condensation is just one of the technologies used to

CREDITS: This presentation

Please keep this slide for attribution

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