Management Information Systems, 10/e

Management
Information Systems,
10/e
Raymond McLeod and George
Schell
© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymo 1

nd McLeod and George Schell
Chapter 4
System Users and Developers

Learning Objectives
► Know that the organizational content for systems
development and use is changing from a physical
to a virtual structure.
► Know who the information specialists are and how
they can be integrated into an information services
organization.
► Be alert to new directions that the information
services organization may take.

Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
► Understand what is meant by “end-user
computing” and why it came about.
► Appreciate that users, especially those with
an end-user computing capability, are a
valuable information resource.
► Know the benefits and risks of end-user
computing.

Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
► Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill that
are important to systems development.
► Appreciate the value of managing the knowledge
held by information specialists and users.
► Recognize the benefits and risks of the virtual
office and the virtual organization.

Figure 4.1 Information Systems
Support for the Organization

Information Services (IS)
Organization
► Information resources
► Information specialists
 System analysts
 Database administrators
 Webmasters
 Network specialists
 Programmers
 Operators

IS Organizational Structure
► Trend from centralized to decentralized
structure.
 Divisional information officer (DIO)
► Innovative
 Partner model
 Platform model
 Scalable model

Figure 4.3 A Network Model of
Information Services Organization

Network Model (Cont’d)
► Visioning network enables the CIO to
work with top mgmt. in strategic planning
for information resources.
► Innovation network is used by the CIO to
interface with business areas so that
innovations can be developed.
► Sourcing network is utilized to interface
with vendor for acquiring information
resources.
End-user Computing
► End-user computing (EUC) is the
development by users of all or parts of their
information systems.
► EUC has 4 main influences:
 The impact of computer education.
 The information services backlog.
 Low-cost hardware.
 Prewritten software.

Benefits of EUC
► Matchcapabilities and challenges.
► Reduce the communication gap.

Risks of EUC
► Poorly targeted systems.
► Poorly designed & documented systems.
► Inefficient use of information resources.
► Loss of data integrity.
► Loss of security.
► Loss of control.

Education Criteria, Knowledge, &
Skills Needed for IS Careers
► Systems development knowledge
 Computer literacy
 Information literacy
 Business fundamentals
 Systems theory
 Systems development process
 Systems life cycle (SLC) & Systems development life
cycle (SDLC)
 Systems modeling

Table 4.1 Knowledge Requirements

Education Criteria, …(Cont’d)
► Systems development skills
 Communications skills
 Analytical ability
 Creativity
 Leadership

Table 4.2 Skills Requirement

Managing the Knowledge
► Office automation includes all of the
formal & informal electronic systems
primarily concerned with the communication
of information to and from persons both
inside and outside the firm.
► Shift from clerical to mangerial problem
solving.

Virtual Office
► Telecommuting describes how employees
could electronically “commute” to work.
► Hoteling is when the firm provides a
central facility that can be shared by
employees as the need for office space and
support arises.

Virtual Office (Cont’d)
► Advantages
 Reduced facility cost.
 Reduced equipment cost.
 Reduced work stoppages.
 Social contribution.
► Disadvantages
 Low morale.
 Fear of security risks.

Virtual Organization
► Three I Economy is those industries that
are most attracted to the concept of the
virtual office & the virtual organization and
those that add value in the form of
information, ideas, and intelligence.

The Human Element
► Most important ingredient in the
development & use of information systems.
► Main players
 Users
 Information specialists


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