Hybrid Compression Absorption

Refrigeration System
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Outline
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1. Introduction
Text
2. Vapor Absorption System Text

3. Need of Vapor Compression Absorption System

4. Vapor Compression Absorption Systems
Text
5. Performance of Hybrid GAX
6. Performance of Cascade System
Text
7. Summary
Text
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Introduction
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• Montreal Protocol – Developed

and Developing Countries
signed it on 16th Sept 1987
Text
• Total Phase Out of CFC group Text
by 2010

• Total Phase Out of HCFC group

by 2020
Text
• High Demand of Electricity
Charges

• Availability of waste heat from Text

different industrial processes
Text
• High requirements for Cooling

Has Renewed a Interest in Vapor Absorption System

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Introduction
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• Ferdinand Carre in 1860 developed Aqua Ammonia Absorption Refrigeation

• Windhausen in 1878 used a principle of John Leslie for Absorption System

• Platen and Carl Munters in 1922 invented three fluid system that uses
Hydrogen as no condensable gas heating based bubble pump was used
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Vapor Absorption System

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 Need of Vapor Compression
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Absorption Refrigeration System

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 Need of Vapor Compression
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 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Refrigeration System
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Absorber

HX

EV
WC

Sol
Pump

Desorber

Single Stage Compression Absorption System (By P. K. Satapthy)

 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Condenser Absorber

Sol
HX
WC

EV
EV

Sol
Pump

Desorber

Evaporator

Double Lift Compression Absorption System (By P. K.

Satapthy)
 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Double Effect Compression Absorption System (By Pongsid Srikhrin

et. al.)
 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Refrigeration System
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Combined cycle employing two combinations of working fluids i.e.

NH3/H2O and H2O/KHO. The rectifier is absent and also the highest
pressure is decreased (By Pongsid Srikhrin et. al.)
 Vapor Compression Absorption
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AII AI

Comp

EV

Sol
Pump
DI D II

Two Stage Compression Absorption Cycle (By P. K. Satapthy)

 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Hybrid GAX Cycle Type A & Type B (By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Hybrid GAX Cycle Type C & Type D (By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
 Vapor Compression Absorption
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Compression Absorption
Cascade System (By Jose´
Ferna´ndez-Seara et. al)
 Vapor Compression Absorption
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GAXAC System (By. A. Rameshkumar et. al)

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Performance of HGAX
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It is found that the COPc in the HGAX Type A

increases as high as 1.24 by controlling the
absorber pressure, which is about 24% higher
than the COPc in the standard GAX cycle with
the same thermal conditions.

COPC vs Absorber Pressure in Type A

(By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
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Performance of HGAX
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The COPc decreases due to the increasing

compressor work and the decreasing latent heat
of the refrigerant at a low evaporator pressure

Te and COPC vs Evaporator Pressure in Type B

(By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
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Performance of HGAX
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COPc in the HGAX Type C increases as high as

1.19 by controlling the desorber pressure, which is
about 19% higher than the COPC in the standard
GAX cycle with the same thermal conditions.

COPc vs desorber pressure in type C

(By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
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Performance of HGAX
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The COPC decreases with increasing the

condenser pressure. This is because the Qd and
Qe are almost kept constant while the
compression work increases significantly as the
condenser pressure increases.

COPC vs Condenser Pressure in Type C

(By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
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Performance of HGAX
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COPh decreases as low as 0.95 due to the

increasing compression work. As the condenser
pressure increases, the COPh,t decreases
significantly from 1.65 to 1.25 while the COP h
does not (1.05–0.95).

COPh and Tout vs in Condenser Pressure type D

(By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
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Performance of HGAX
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As UA of the condenser increases, the heat

capacity of the condenser Qc also increases
leading to a high outlet temperature of the hot
water. The maximum hot water temperature of
1060C is obtained from the HGAX-Type D

COPh and Tout vs in Condenser Pressure type D

(By Yong Tae Kang et. al.)
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Performance of Cascade System

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The intermediate temperature increase causes

simultaneously a compression COP decrease and
an absorption COP increase. The compression
COP decrease is less significant as the
evaporation temperature decreases.

Compression System COP (COPC) and Absorption

System COP (COPa) and cascade system COP
(COPg) vs intermediate temperature level (By Jose´
Ferna´ndez-Seara et. al)
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Performance of Cascade System

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optimal intermediate temperature increases when

the evaporation temperature increases with both
refrigerants. However, the effect of the
evaporation temperature on the optimal
intermediate temperature is more significant with
NH3 than with CO2.

Compression System COP (COPC) and Absorption

System COP (COPa) and cascade system COP
(COPg) vs intermediate temperature level
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Conclusion
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• COPc in the HGAX-Type A increases which is about 24% higher than the COPc
in the standard GAX cycle

• HGAX-Type B, the evaporation temperature and the COPc decrease with

decreasing the evaporator pressure

• The highest desorption temperature decreases as low as 1680C, and therefore

the corrosion problem can be completely removed by adopting the HGAX-Type
C COPc in the HGAX-Type C increases as high as 1.19 by controlling the
desorber pressure, which is about 19% higher than the COPc in the standard
GAX cycle with the same thermal conditions

• In HGAX-Type D, the maximum hot water temperature can be achieved

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References
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•Z. Crepinsek, D. Goicanec, J. Krope, “Comparison of the performances of absorption

refrigeration cycles”, WSEAS Transactions on Heat and Mass Transfer, 01 (2009),
65 – 76, Issue 3, ISSN: 1790-5079,
•A. Rameshkumar, M. Udayakumar, R. Saravanan, Heat transfer studies on a GAXAC
(generator-absorber-exchangeabsorption compression) cooler”, International Journal
of Applied Energy, 86 (2009), 2056 – 2064.
•Soteris Kalogirou “Recent Patents in Absorption Refrigeration System” Recent Patents in
Mechanical Engineering”, 01 (2008), 58 – 64.
•A. Ramesh kumar, M. Udayakumar, “Studies of Compressor Pressure Ratio Effect on
GAXAC (generator–absorber–exchange absorption compression) cooler”, International
Journal of Applied Energy, 85 (2008), 1163 – 1172.
•Mark Brandon Shiflett et. al., “Hybrid Vapor Compression-Absorption Cycle”, US Patent
2007/0019708 A1, January, 27, 2007. World Intellectual Property, International Publication
Number WO 2006/124776
•L. Kairouani & E.Nehdi, “Cooling Performance and Energy Saving of a
Compression- Absorption Refrigeration System Assisted by Geothermal Energy”,
International Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, 26 (2006) pp 288 – 294.
 Probability Plot of C1
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References
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•Jose´ Ferna´ndez-Seara *, Jaime Sieres, Manuel Va´zquez, “Compression Absorption

Cascade Refrigeration System” International Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering,
26 (2006) pp 502 – 512
•Mark Brandon Shiflett et. al., “Hybrid Vapor Compression-Absorption Cycle”, US Patent
2007/0019708 A1, January, 27, 2007. World Intellectual Property, International
Publication
Number WO 2006/124776
•L. Kairouani, E. Nehdi and R. Ben Iffa, “Thermodynamic Investigation of Two-Stage
Absorption Refrigeration System Connected by a Compressor”, American Journal of
Applied
•Yong Tae2(6),
Science, Kang, Hiki– Hong,
1036 Kyoung
1041, 2005, Suk1546
ISSN Park,–“Performance
9239. analysis of advanced hybrid
GAX cycles: HGAX”, International Journal of refrigeration, 27(2004), pp 442 – 448.
• R. S. Agarwal “Montreal and Kyto Protocol and their impact on the refrigeration sector”
Proceedings of the workshop on an Alternative Refrigerants and Cycles”
IIT Delhi, October 2002, 25-27,.
• Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

<http://www.fluorocarbons.org/documents/library/Legislation/JO_L161_1_842_2006_Regulation.p
May 1986.
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References
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•Pongsid Srikhirin, Satha Aphornratana, Supachart Chungpaibulpatana, “A review of

absorption refrigeration technologies” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 5 (2001)
343–372, 1364-0321/01/$ - see front matter @ 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
PII: S13 64 -0321(01)00003-X
• R. Ayala, C. L. Heard and F. A. Holland. “Ammonia/Lithium Nitrate Absorption /Compressi
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223-233 No – 03,
• Silas W Clerk, “Compressor Assisted Absorption Refrigeration System”,
US Patent 4171619, March 16, 1978
• Sgimoto et. al. “Cooling system having combination of compression and absorption type
units”, US Patent 4471630, January, 27, 1983
• William T. Osbrone, “Combined Mechanical Refrigeration and Absorption Refrigeration
Method and Apprats”, US Patent 5038574, October 26, 1990.
• Huen Lee, Jin Soo Kim, “Triple Effect Absorption Chillers with Vapor Compression Units”
US Patent 6324865 B1, December 04, 2001.
• J. Swinney, W. E. Jones, J. A. Wilson, “A Novel Hybrid Compression Absorption Refrigeratio
cycle”, International Journal of refrigeration, 24(2001), pp 208 – 219.
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•Mitsuhiro Fukutaa,*, Tadashi Yanagisawaa, Hiroaki Iwatab, Kazutaka Tada,

“Performance of compression/absorption hybrid refrigeration cycle with propane/mineral
oil
combination” , International Journal of refrigeration, 25(2002), pp 907 – 915
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VCAS
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Thanks

Mechanical Dept. Dr. BATU Lonere