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    Control of Viral Infections and Diseases

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    SAMMY
    This document discusses control of viral infections and diseases through prevention and treatment. It outlines two aspects of prevention: immunoprophylaxis using vaccines or antisera to introduce active or passive immunity; and antiviral chemotherapy to directly inactivate viruses or inhibit viral replication. The document also describes four types of vaccines - live attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines - and provides examples of each.

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    Control of Viral Infections and Diseases

    Uploaded by

    SAMMY
    58 views12 pages
    This document discusses control of viral infections and diseases through prevention and treatment. It outlines two aspects of prevention: immunoprophylaxis using vaccines or antisera to introduce active or passive immunity; and antiviral chemotherapy to directly inactivate viruses or inhibit viral replication. The document also describes four types of vaccines - live attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines - and provides examples of each.

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    This document discusses control of viral infections and diseases through prevention and treatment. It outlines two aspects of prevention: immunoprophylaxis using vaccines or antisera to introduce active or passive immunity; and antiviral chemotherapy to directly inactivate viruses or inhibit viral replication. The document also describes four types of vaccines - live attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines - and provides examples of each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views12 pages

    Control of Viral Infections and Diseases

    Uploaded by

    SAMMY
    This document discusses control of viral infections and diseases through prevention and treatment. It outlines two aspects of prevention: immunoprophylaxis using vaccines or antisera to introduce active or passive immunity; and antiviral chemotherapy to directly inactivate viruses or inhibit viral replication. The document also describes four types of vaccines - live attenuated, killed, subunit, and DNA vaccines - and provides examples of each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Control of Viral

    Infections and Diseases


    • Two aspects of the response to threats of virus
    disease

     Prevention of infection

     Treatment of disease
    Immunoprophylaxis

    • Prevention of illness by the introduction of active immunization by


    vaccines or passive immunization through antisera

    Passive Prophylaxis
    • The use of an antiserum from another person or animal to provide
    temporary protection against a specific infectious or toxic agent.

    • most often recommended:


     when exposure has occurred, or is expected to occur very soon, and time
    does not allow for vaccination and the development of an adequate post-
    vaccination immune response

     when no effective vaccine exists

     when an underlying illness precludes a satisfactory response to


    vaccination.
    Active Prophylaxis =Vaccines

    • Use of an antigenic (immunogenic) agent to actively


    stimulate the immunological mechanism

    • There are four basic types of vaccines:


     Live attenuated vaccines

     Killed (inactivated) vaccines

     Sub unit vaccines

     DNA vaccines
    Live –attenuated Vaccines

    • Vaccines prepared from attenuated strains that are almost or


    completely devoid of pathogenicity but are capable of inducing a
    protective immune response.

    • Examples of live attenuated vaccines include:

     Measles vaccine (as found in the MMR vaccine)

     Mumps vaccine (MMR vaccine)

     Rubella (German measles) vaccine ( MMR vaccine)

     Oral polio vaccine (OPV) -Sabin vaccine

     Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine


    Inactivated virus vaccines

    • vaccines are made by mass producing the virulent


    virus and then inactivating the infectivity, usually by
    treatment with a chemical such as formaldehyde or
    beta- propiolactone

    • Examples of inactivated (killed) vaccines:


     Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)-Sabin vaccine

     Inactivated influenza vaccine


    Live vs Dead vaccines
    Sub-unit vaccines

    • These consist of purified components of the virus, sufficient enough to


    induce a protective immune response

    Types include
     Synthetic vaccines
     Recombinant Vector vaccines

    Examples
     Hepatitis B vaccine

     Hepatitis A vaccine

     Influenza vaccine
    DNA Vaccines
    • Consist of only a DNA molecule encoding the
    antigen (s) of interest.
    • The DNA is taken up by host cells, which then
    start expressing the foreign protein. The
    protein serves as an antigen that stimulate an
    immune responses and protective
    immunological memory
    Antiviral Chemotherapy
    • Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents can be divided into
    three categories:

    • virucidal agents- directly inactivate intact viruses

    • antiviral agents-inhibit viral replication at the cellular


    level, interrupting one or more steps in the life cycle of
    the virus

    • Immunomodulators -such as interferons alter the host


    immune responses to infection and could, in principle,
    be protective.
    Examples of Antiviral Compounds Used for Treatment of Viral Infections
    Examples of Antiviral Compounds Used for Treatment of Viral Infections Cont.

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