𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚

𝒂 𝟐+𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝟎 → 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒖 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒗 ሺ𝒖 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒗 = 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒊 𝒙ሻ:
𝒅𝟐 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝒅𝒗
𝒂 𝟐 +𝒃 + 𝒄𝒖 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 + 𝒄𝒗 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑱𝒖𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒉𝒌𝒂𝒏 𝒌𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒃𝒖𝒕:
𝒅𝟐 𝒖 𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗
𝒂 ቆ 𝟐 + 𝟐ቇ + 𝒃 ൬ + ൰ + 𝒄ሺ𝒖 + 𝒗ሻ = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝒖 𝒅𝟐 𝒗
ሺ𝒖 + 𝒗ሻ = + 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝟐
ሺ𝒖 + 𝒗ሻ = 𝟐
+ 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒅
𝒂 𝟐 ሺ𝒖 + 𝒗ሻ+ 𝒃 ሺ𝒖 + 𝒗ሻ+ 𝒄ሺ𝒖 + 𝒗ሻ = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒂 𝟐+𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒖 + 𝒗
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑱𝒊𝒌𝒂 𝒂 = 𝟎 ∶
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒄
𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎 → + 𝒌𝒚 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒌 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒃
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
= −𝒌𝒚 → න = − න𝒌 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒚
𝒍𝒏 𝒚 = −𝒌𝒙 + 𝒄
𝐥𝐧 𝒚 = −𝒌 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒌𝒙+𝒄 = 𝒆−𝒌𝒙 . 𝒆𝒄 = 𝑨𝒆−𝒌𝒙 ሺ𝒌𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒂 𝒆𝒄 𝒌𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏ሻ
∴ 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆−𝒌𝒙
𝑱𝒊𝒌𝒂 − 𝒌 = 𝒎, 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒂:
𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝒚
𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆𝒎𝒙 → = 𝑨𝒎 𝒆 𝒎𝒙
→ = 𝑨𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝒙
𝒆
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒂 𝑨𝒎𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 𝑨𝒎 𝒆𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄 𝑨𝒆𝒎𝒙 = 𝟎 ሺ𝒅𝒊𝒃𝒂𝒈𝒊 𝑨 𝒆𝒎𝒙 ሻ
𝒂𝒎𝟐 + 𝒃𝒎 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 → 𝒎 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒎 = 𝒎𝟐
𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆𝒎𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝑩𝒆𝒎𝟐 𝒙 ሺ𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊 𝒚 = 𝒖 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒗ሻ
𝑼𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌 𝒚 = 𝒖 + 𝒗, 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒂: 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆𝒎𝟏𝒙 + 𝑩𝒆𝒎𝟐𝒙
 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒂 𝟐+𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆𝒎𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩𝒆𝒎𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑨 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑩 = 𝒌𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈
𝒎𝟏 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒎𝟐 = 𝒂𝒌𝒂𝒓 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒊 ∶ 𝒂𝒎𝟐 + 𝒃𝒎 + 𝒄 = 𝟎

Persamaan karakteristik
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝒅𝒚
𝒂 𝟐+𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎 → = 𝒎 , = 𝒎, 𝒚 = 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉: +𝟑 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒎𝟐 + 𝟑𝒎 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
ሺ𝒎 + 𝟏ሻሺ𝒎 + 𝟐ሻ = 𝟎
𝒎 = −𝟏 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒎 = −𝟐
𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆−𝒙 + 𝑩𝒆−𝟐𝒙
 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉: 𝟐
+ 𝟓 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝒎 + 𝟓𝒎 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
ሺ𝒎 + 𝟐ሻሺ𝒎 + 𝟑ሻ = 𝟎 → 𝒎 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒖 𝒎 = −𝟑
𝒚 = 𝑨𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝑩𝒆−𝟑𝒙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉: 𝟐
+ 𝟔 + 𝟗𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝒎 + 𝟔𝒎 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
ሺ𝒎 + 𝟑ሻሺ𝒎 + 𝟑ሻ = 𝟎 → 𝒎 = −𝟑(𝒅𝒖𝒂 𝒌𝒂𝒍𝒊)
𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟑𝒙 (𝑨 + 𝑩𝒙)
𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍: 𝒎 = 𝜶 ± 𝒋𝜷 → 𝒎𝟏 = 𝜶 + 𝒋𝜷 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒎𝟐 = 𝜶 − 𝒋𝜷
𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆ሺ𝜶+𝒋𝜷ሻ𝒙 + 𝑫𝒆ሺ𝜶−𝒋𝜷ሻ𝒙 = 𝑪𝒆𝜶𝒙 . 𝒆𝒋𝜷𝒙 + 𝑫𝒆𝜶𝒙 . 𝒆−𝒋𝜷𝒙
= 𝒆𝜶𝒙 ൫𝑪𝒆𝒋𝜷𝒙 + 𝑫𝒆−𝒋𝜷𝒙 ൯
𝒆𝒋𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒋 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒆−𝒋𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒋 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝑱𝒂𝒅𝒊: 𝒆𝒋𝜷𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷𝒙 + 𝒋 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷𝒙
𝒆−𝒋𝜷𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷𝒙 − 𝒋 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒆𝜶𝒙 ሼ𝑪ሺ𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷𝒙 + 𝒋 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷𝒙ሻ+ 𝑫ሺ𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷𝒙 − 𝒋 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷𝒙ሻሽ
= 𝒆𝜶𝒙 ሼሺ𝑪 + 𝑫ሻ𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷𝒙 + 𝒋ሺ𝑪 − 𝑫ሻ𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷𝒙ሽ
𝒚 = 𝒆𝜶𝒙 ሼ𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜷𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜷𝒙ሽ→ 𝑨 = 𝑪 + 𝑫
𝑩 = 𝒋(𝑪 − 𝑫)
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝟐
+𝟒 + 𝟗𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒎𝟐 + 𝟒𝒎 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
−𝟒 ± ξ 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟑𝟔 −𝟒 ± ξ −𝟐𝟎
𝒎= =
𝟐 𝟐
−𝟒 ± 𝟐𝒋ξ 𝟓
= = −𝟐 ± 𝒋ξ 𝟓
𝟐
𝜶 = −𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝜷 = ξ 𝟓

𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 (𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ξ 𝟓𝒙 + 𝑩𝒔𝒊𝒏 ξ 𝟓𝒙)

 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌: 𝟐
± 𝒏 𝒚=𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒂 𝟐+𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒄
𝑱𝒊𝒌𝒂 𝒃 = 𝟎, 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒂: 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝟐
+ 𝒚=𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒂
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝑫𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒍𝒊𝒔: ± 𝒏 𝒚=𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
ሺ𝒊ሻ 𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟎 → 𝒎𝟐 = −𝒏𝟐 → 𝒎 = ±𝒋𝒏
𝒅𝒙
ሺ𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒎 = 𝜶 ± 𝒋𝜷, 𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒂 𝜶 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝜷 = 𝒏ሻ
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒏𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
ሺ𝒊𝒊ሻ 𝟐 − 𝒏𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝒎𝟐 − 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟎 → 𝒎𝟐 = 𝒏𝟐 → 𝒎 = ±𝒏
𝒅𝒙
𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝑫𝒆−𝒏𝒙
 𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒏𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝒏𝒙 = → 𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒏𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙
𝟐
𝒆𝒏𝒙 −𝒆−𝒏𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙 = → 𝒆𝒏𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒏𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙 +
𝟐
𝟐 𝒆𝒏𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙
𝒆𝒏𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙

𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒏𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝒏𝒙 = → 𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒏𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙
𝟐
𝒆𝒏𝒙 −𝒆−𝒏𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙 = → 𝒆𝒏𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒏𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙 −
𝟐

𝟐 𝒆−𝒏𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙

𝒆−𝒏𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙
𝑱𝒂𝒅𝒊, 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝑫𝒆−𝒏𝒙
= 𝑪ሺ𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙ሻ+ 𝑫ሺ𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙ሻ
= ሺ𝑪 + 𝑫ሻ𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 + ሺ𝑪 − 𝑫ሻ𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒏𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒏𝒙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉 𝟏. 𝟐
+ 𝟏𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎 ∴ 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏𝟔 ∴ 𝒎 = ±𝒋𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉 𝟐. − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎 ∴ 𝒎 = 𝟑 ∴ 𝒎 = ±ξ 𝟑
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ξ 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 ξ 𝟑𝒙
 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒏 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ ≠ 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒆𝒎𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒆𝒎𝟐 𝒙 + 𝑿
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒆𝒎𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒆𝒎𝟐 𝒙 → 𝑭𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒊 𝑲𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓(𝑭𝑲)
𝒚 = 𝑿 ሺ𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒊 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒊 𝒙ሻ → 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑲𝒉𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒔(𝑰𝑲)

𝑷𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒌𝒂𝒑 = 𝑭𝑲 + 𝑰𝑲
 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑴𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒌𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒏 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 + 𝒄𝒚 = 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
ሺ𝒊ሻ𝑭𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒊 𝒌𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝟎
ሺ𝒊𝒊ሻ𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒌𝒉𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌 𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒊
𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒊 𝒅𝒊 𝒓𝒖𝒂𝒔 𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉 𝟏. 𝑷𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 − 𝟓 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝒙
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
ሺ𝒊ሻ𝑭𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔𝒊 𝒌𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓:
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝟎 → −𝟓 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟓𝒎 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
ሺ𝒎 − 𝟐ሻሺ𝒎 − 𝟑ሻ = 𝟎
𝒎 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒖 𝒎 = 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒆𝟑𝒙
ሺ𝒊𝒊ሻ𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒌𝒉𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒔: 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒙𝟐
𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍: 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒙𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
= 𝟐𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝟐
= 𝟐𝑪
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
− 𝟓 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝒙
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐𝑪 − 𝟓ሺ𝟐𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫ሻ+ 𝟔൫𝑪𝒙𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬൯= 𝒙𝟐
𝟐𝑪 − 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝒙 − 𝟓𝑫 + 𝟔𝑪𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝑫𝒙 + 𝟔𝑬 = 𝒙𝟐
𝟔𝑪𝒙𝟐 + ሺ𝟔𝑫 − 𝟏𝟎𝑪ሻ𝒙 + ሺ𝟐𝑪 − 𝟓𝑫 + 𝟔𝑬ሻ = 𝒙𝟐
𝟔𝑪𝒙𝟐 + ሺ𝟔𝑫 − 𝟏𝟎𝑪ሻ𝒙 + ሺ𝟐𝑪 − 𝟓𝑫 + 𝟔𝑬ሻ = 𝒙𝟐

𝟐
𝟏
ൣ𝒙 ൧ 𝟔𝑪 = 𝟏 ∴ 𝑪 =
𝟔
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟓
ሾ𝒙ሿ 𝟔𝑫 − 𝟏𝟎𝑪 = 𝟎 ∴ 𝟔𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝑪 = = ∴𝑫=
𝟔 𝟑 𝟏𝟖
𝟐𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟗
ሾ𝑪𝑻ሿ𝟐𝑪 − 𝟓𝑫 + 𝟔𝑬 = 𝟎 ∴ 𝟔𝑬 = 𝟓𝑫 − 𝟐𝑪 = − =
𝟏𝟖 𝟔 𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟗
𝑬=
𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝒙𝟐 𝟓𝒙 𝟏𝟗
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒌𝒉𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒔𝒏𝒚𝒂: 𝒚 = + +
𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟖

𝟐
𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝒙
𝒙 𝟓𝒙 𝟏𝟗
𝑷𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒌𝒂𝒑: 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒆 + 𝑩 𝒆 + + +
𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌 𝒖𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒌𝒉𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒔:
𝑱𝒊𝒌𝒂 𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒌 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑪
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒌𝒙 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒌𝒙𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒙𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒌 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒖 𝒌 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑪 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑫 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒌 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒙 𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒖 𝒌 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒙 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑪 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 𝒙 + 𝑫 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 𝒙
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ = 𝒆𝒌𝒙 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑪 𝒆𝒌𝒙
 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒉 𝟐. 𝑷𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝟐
+ 𝟒 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑𝒆𝟑𝒙 , 𝒋𝒊𝒌𝒂
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟓 𝒅𝒚 𝟏
𝒅𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝒚 = , 𝒅𝒂𝒏 = .
𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝑷𝒆𝒏𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒊𝒂𝒏:
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝟐
+ 𝟒 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
−𝟒 ± ξ 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟐𝟎
ሺ𝒊ሻ𝑭𝑲 𝒎𝟐 + 𝟒𝒎 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 ∴ 𝒎 =
𝟐
−𝟒 ± 𝒋𝟐
= = −𝟐 ± 𝒋
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙ሻ
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
ሺ𝒊𝒊ሻ𝑰𝑲 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆 𝟑𝒙
∴ = 𝟑𝑪𝒆 , 𝟐 = 𝟗𝑪𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝟑𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟗𝑪𝒆𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝒆𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝑪𝒆𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝟏 𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝟐𝟔𝑪 = 𝟏𝟑 ∴ 𝑪 = ∴ 𝑰𝑲 𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒚 =
𝟐 𝟐
 𝟑𝒙
𝒆
𝑷𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒏: 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙ሻ+
𝟐
𝟑.𝟎
𝟓 𝟓 𝒆
𝑼𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = → = 𝒆−𝟐.𝟎 ሺ𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟎ሻ+
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟏ሺ𝑨. 𝟏 + 𝑩. 𝟎ሻ+ = 𝑨 +
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 𝟏 𝟒
𝑨= − = =𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝒙
𝒆
𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙ሻ+
𝟐
𝟑𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒆
= 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ−𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙ሻ− 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙ሻ+
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 −𝟐𝒙 ሺ
𝟑𝒆𝟑𝒙
=𝒆 −𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙ሻ− 𝟐𝒆 ሺ𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙ሻ+
−𝟐𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
𝑼𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒌 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒂𝒏 = ∶
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝟑.𝟎
𝟏 𝟑𝒆
= 𝒆−𝟐.𝟎 ሺ−𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟎 + 𝑩 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎ሻ− 𝟐𝒆−𝟐.𝟎 ሺ𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎 + 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟎ሻ+
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑. 𝟏
= 𝟏ሺ−𝟐. 𝟎 + 𝑩. 𝟏ሻ− 𝟐. 𝟏ሺ𝟐. 𝟏 + 𝑩. 𝟎ሻ+
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
=𝑩−𝟒+ ∴ 𝑩= +𝟒− =𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟑𝒙
𝒆
𝑷𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒏: 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙ሻ+
𝟐
𝟑𝒙
𝒆
𝒚 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 ሺ𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙ሻ+
𝟐