The document contains practice exercises on gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and the combined gas law. The exercises provide examples of using the gas laws to calculate unknown properties such as pressure, volume, and temperature given known values of these properties. Step-by-step workings are shown for each example problem.
The document contains practice exercises on gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and the combined gas law. The exercises provide examples of using the gas laws to calculate unknown properties such as pressure, volume, and temperature given known values of these properties. Step-by-step workings are shown for each example problem.
The document contains practice exercises on gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and the combined gas law. The exercises provide examples of using the gas laws to calculate unknown properties such as pressure, volume, and temperature given known values of these properties. Step-by-step workings are shown for each example problem.
The document contains practice exercises on gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and the combined gas law. The exercises provide examples of using the gas laws to calculate unknown properties such as pressure, volume, and temperature given known values of these properties. Step-by-step workings are shown for each example problem.
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Practice Exercises on Gas Laws Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws
01 Boyle’s Law – Exercise 1
A fixed amount of a gas occupies a volume of 1L and exerts a pressure of 400 kPa on the walls of its container. What would be the pressure exerted by the gas if it is completely transferred into a new container having a volume of 3 liters (assuming the temperature and quantity of gas remains constant)?
02 Boyle’s Law – Exercise 1
A fixed amount of a gas occupies a volume of 1L and exerts a pressure of 400 kPa on the walls of its container. What would be the pressure exerted by the gas if it is completely transferred into a new container having a volume of 3 liters (assuming the temperature and quantity of gas remains constant)?
GIVEN: Initial Volume (V1) = 1L Boyle’s Law states that:
Therefore, the gas exerts a pressure of 133.33 kPa on the walls of the 3-liter container.
03 Boyle’s Law – Exercise 2
A gas exerts a pressure of 3 kPa on the walls of container 1. When container 1 is emptied into a 10-liter container, the pressure exerted by the gas increases to 6 kPa. Find the volume of container 1. Assume that the temperature and quantity of the gas remain constant.
04 Boyle’s Law – Exercise 2
A gas exerts a pressure of 3 kPa on the walls of container 1. When container 1 is emptied into a 10-liter container, the pressure exerted by the gas increases to 6 kPa. Find the volume of container 1. Assume that the temperature and quantity of the gas remain constant.
GIVEN: Initial Pressure (P1) = 3 kPa
Boyle’s Law: P1V1 = P2V2 Initial Volume (V1) = ? P2V2 Final Pressure (P2) = 6 kPa V1 = P1 Final Volume (V2) = 10 L
P2V2 (6 kPa) x (10 L)
V1 = = = 20 L P1 3 kPa
Therefore, the volume of container 1 is 20 L.
05 Charles’ Law – Exercise 1
A gas occupies a volume of 400cm3 at 0°C and 780 mm Hg. What volume (in liters) will it occupy at 80°C and 780 mm Hg?
06 Charles’ Law – Exercise 1
A gas occupies a volume of 400cm3 at 0°C and 780 mm Hg. What volume (in liters) will it occupy at 80°C and 780 mm Hg?
GIVEN: Initial Volume (V1) = 400 cm3
Charles’ Law: V1T2 = V2T1 Initial Temperature (T1) = 0°C + 273 = 273 K T2V1 Final Volume (V2) = ? V2 = T1 Final Temperature (T2) = 80°C + 273 = 353 K
T2V1 (353 K) x (400 cm3) 0.001 L
V2 = = = 517.21 cm 3 x = 0.517 L T1 273 K 1 cm3
Should be Therefore, the volume occupied is 0.517 L. converted to L
07 Charles’ Law – Exercise 2
Find the initial volume of a gas at 150 K, if the final volume is 6 L at 100 K.
08 Charles’ Law – Exercise 2
Find the initial volume of a gas at 150 K, if the final volume is 6 L at 100 K.
GIVEN: Initial Volume (V1) = ?
Initial Temperature (T1) = 150 K Charles’ Law: T2V1 = T1V2
Final Volume (V2) = 6 L T1V2
V1 = T2 Final Temperature (T2) = 100 K
T1V2 (150 K) x (6 L) V1 = = =9L T2 100 K
Therefore, the initial volume is 9 L.
09 Gay-Lussac’s Law – Exercise 1
A 20 L cylinder containing 6 atm of gas at 27°C. What would the pressure of the gas be if the gas was heated to 77°C?
10 Gay-Lussac’s Law – Exercise 1
A 20 L cylinder containing 6 atm of gas at 27°C. What would the pressure of the gas be if the gas was heated to 77°C?
P1 P2 Initial Temperature (T1) = 27°C + 273 = 300 K = T1 T2 Must be converted to Final Pressure (P2) = ? absolute temperature! P1T2 Final Temperature (T2) = 77°C + 273 = 350 K P2 = T1
P1T2 (6 atm) x (350 K)
P2 = = = 7 atm T1 300 K
The pressure will increase to 7 atm after heating the gas from 27 °C to 77 °C.
03 Gay-Lussac’s Law – Exercise 2
Find the temperature in Celsius needed to change the pressure of 10.0 liters of a gas that has a pressure of 97.0 kPa at 25°C to standard pressure. Standard pressure is 101.325 kPa.
03 Gay-Lussac’s Law – Exercise 2
Find the temperature in Celsius needed to change the pressure of 10.0 liters of a gas that has a pressure of 97.0 kPa at 25°C to standard pressure. Standard pressure is 101.325 kPa.
GIVEN: Initial Pressure (P1) = 97.0 kPa
Gay-Lussac’s Law: Initial Temperature (T1) = 25°C + 273 = 298 K P1 P2 = T1 T2 Final Pressure (P2) = 101.325 kPa Final Temperature (T2) = ? P2T1 T2 = P1
P2T1 (101.325 kPa) x (298 K)
T2 = = = 311.3 K - 273 = 38.3°C P1 97.0 kPa
The temperature needed is 38.3°C.
Convert to celsius!
13 Combined Gas Law – Exercise 1
Find the volume of a gas at STP when 2.00 liters is collected at 745.0 mm Hg and 25.0 degrees Celsius.
14 Combined Gas Law – Exercise 1
Find the volume of a gas at STP when 2.00 liters is collected at 745.0 mm Hg and 25.0 degrees Celsius.
GIVEN: Initial Pressure (P1) = 745.0 mmHg Standard Temperature
Combined Gas and Law:Pressure: Initial Volume (V1) = 2.00 L P1V1 760.0 mmHg P2V2273 K and = Initial Temperature (T1) = 25.0°C + 273 = 298 K T1 T2 Final Pressure (P2) = 760.0 mmHg P1V1T2 V2 = Final Volume (V2) = ? T1P2 Final Temperature (T2) = 273 K
P1V1T2 (745 mmHg) x (2 L) x (273 K)
V2 = = = 1.80 L T1P2 (298 K) x (760 mmHg)
Therefore, the final volume is 1.80 L.
15 Combined Gas Law – Exercise 2
The initial volume of the gas is 5L and final volume is 3L. Calculate the final pressure of the gas, given that the initial temperature is 273 K, the final temperature is 200 K, and initial pressure is 25 kPa.
16 Combined Gas Law – Exercise 2
The initial volume of the gas is 5L and final volume is 3L. Calculate the final pressure of the gas, given that the initial temperature is 273 K, the final temperature is 200 K, and initial pressure is 25 kPa.
GIVEN: Initial Pressure (P1) = 25 kPa Combined Gas Law:
Initial Volume (V1) = 5 L P1V1 P2V2 = T1 T2 Initial Temperature (T1) = 273 K P1V1T2 Final Pressure (P2) = ? P2 = T1V2 Final Volume (V2) = 3 L Final Temperature (T2) = 200 K P1V1T2 (25 kPa) x (5 L) x (200 K) P2 = = = 30.525 kPa T1V2 (273 K) x (3 L)
The final temperature is 30.525 kPa.
17 Avogadro’s Law – Exercise 1
Say you have 5.00 L of a gas which contains 0.965 mol of molecules. What will be the new volume of the gas if the quantity is increased to 1.80 mol, assuming pressure and temperature are held constant?
18 Avogadro’s Law – Exercise 1
Say you have 5.00 L of a gas which contains 0.965 mol of molecules. What will be the new volume of the gas if the quantity is increased to 1.80 mol, assuming pressure and temperature are held constant?
GIVEN: Initial Volume (V1) = 5.00 L Avogadro’s Law:
Three balloons are filled with different amounts of an ideal gas. One balloon is filled with 3 moles of the ideal gas, filling the balloon to 30 L. a) One balloon contains 2 moles of gas. What is the volume of the balloon?
20 Avogadro’s Law – Exercise 2
Three balloons are filled with different amounts of an ideal gas. One balloon is filled with 3 moles of the ideal gas, filling the balloon to 30 L. a) One balloon contains 2 moles of gas. What is the volume of the balloon?
Three balloons are filled with different amounts of an ideal gas. One balloon is filled with 3 moles of the ideal gas, filling the balloon to 30 L. b) One balloon encloses a volume of 45 L. How many moles of gas are in the balloon?
Avogadro’s Law: GIVEN: Initial Volume (V1) = 30 L V1 V2 Initial Moles (n1) = 3 mol = n1 n2 Final Volume (V2) = 45 L V2n1 n2 = Final Moles (n2) = ? V1
V2n1 (45 L) x (3 mol)
n2 = = = 4.5 mol V1 30 L
Therefore, the final moles are 4.5 mol.
22 Ideal Gas Law – Exercise 1
6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained at 3.0 atm and 37 °C. How many moles of this gas are present?
23 Ideal Gas Law – Exercise 1
6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained at 3.0 atm and 37°C. How many moles of this gas are present?
GIVEN: Pressure (P) = 3.0 atm Ideal Gas Law:
Volume (V) = 6.2 L PV = nRT PV Temperature (T) = 37°C + 273 = 310 K n= RT
PV (3 atm) x (6.2 L) n= = = 0.75 mol RT L atm x 310 K 0.08 mol K
The moles of gas are 0.75 mol.
24 Ideal Gas Law – Exercise 2
At what temperature will 0.654 moles of neon gas occupy 12.30 liters at 1.95 atmospheres?
25 Ideal Gas Law – Exercise 2
At what temperature will 0.654 moles of neon gas occupy 12.30 liters at 1.95 atmospheres?
GIVEN: Pressure (P) = 1.95 atm
Volume (V) = 12.30 L Ideal Gas Law: Moles (n) = 0.654 mol PV = nRT PV Temperature (T) = ? T= nR
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