Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 167 views

    Ce 214 Fundamentals of Surveying Lec 4: Engr. Gene Johanno Nieto Janno Nieto 09063127099

    Uploaded by

    AudreyJadeYabut
    The document discusses leveling methods in surveying. It defines key terms like level surface, level line, horizontal surface, and elevation. It then describes various leveling methods like direct or spirit leveling, reciprocal leveling, profile leveling, trigonometric leveling, stadia leveling, barometric leveling, cross section leveling, and borrow pit leveling. Direct or spirit leveling is the most precise method and involves determining elevation differences between points using a leveling instrument along a selected route.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ce 214 Fundamentals of Surveying Lec 4: Engr. Gene Johanno Nieto Janno Nieto 09063127099

    Uploaded by

    AudreyJadeYabut
    167 views25 pages
    The document discusses leveling methods in surveying. It defines key terms like level surface, level line, horizontal surface, and elevation. It then describes various leveling methods like direct or spirit leveling, reciprocal leveling, profile leveling, trigonometric leveling, stadia leveling, barometric leveling, cross section leveling, and borrow pit leveling. Direct or spirit leveling is the most precise method and involves determining elevation differences between points using a leveling instrument along a selected route.

    Original Title

    Lec4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses leveling methods in surveying. It defines key terms like level surface, level line, horizontal surface, and elevation. It then describes various leveling methods like direct or spirit leveling, reciprocal leveling, profile leveling, trigonometric leveling, stadia leveling, barometric leveling, cross section leveling, and borrow pit leveling. Direct or spirit leveling is the most precise method and involves determining elevation differences between points using a leveling instrument along a selected route.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    167 views25 pages

    Ce 214 Fundamentals of Surveying Lec 4: Engr. Gene Johanno Nieto Janno Nieto 09063127099

    Uploaded by

    AudreyJadeYabut
    The document discusses leveling methods in surveying. It defines key terms like level surface, level line, horizontal surface, and elevation. It then describes various leveling methods like direct or spirit leveling, reciprocal leveling, profile leveling, trigonometric leveling, stadia leveling, barometric leveling, cross section leveling, and borrow pit leveling. Direct or spirit leveling is the most precise method and involves determining elevation differences between points using a leveling instrument along a selected route.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    CE 214 FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

    LEC 4
    Engr. Gene Johanno Nieto
    [email protected]
    Janno Nieto
    09063127099
    OUTLINE:

     Leveling

     Definition of Terms

     Leveling Methods

     Types of Levels
    Leveling

    Process of directly or indirectly


    measuring vertical distances to
    determine the elevation of points or
    their differences in elevation.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Level Surface

    It is a curved surface which is at any


    point perpendicular to the direction of
    gravity or the plumbline.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Level Line

    Curved line in a level surface all


    points of which are normal to the
    direction of the gravity and
    equidistant from the center of the
    Earth.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Horizontal Surface

    Plane tangent to a level surface at a


    particular point.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Horizontal Line

    Straight line in a horizontal plane


    which is tangent to a level line at one
    point.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Vertical Line

    Line parallel to the direction of the


    gravity.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Mean Sea Level

    An imaginary surface of the sea


    which is midway between high and
    low tides.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Mean Sea Level

    Reference surface to which most of


    the ground elevations are referred.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Datum

    Any convenient level surface


    coincident or parallel with mean sea
    level to which elevations of a
    particular area are referred.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Elevation

    Vertical distance above or below


    mean sea level or any other selected
    datum.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Difference in Elevation

    The vertical distance between two


    level surface of the points.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Leveling Methods

    Direct or Spirit Leveling


    Reciprocal Leveling
    Profile Leveling
    Trigonometric Leveling
    Stadia Leveling
    Barometric Leveling
    Cross Section Leveling
    Borrow Pit Leveling

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Direct or Spirit Leveling

    Commonly employed method of


    determining the elevation of points
    some distances apart by a series of
    setups of a leveling instrument along
    a selected route.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Direct or Spirit Leveling

    Forms of Direct Leveling are


    Differential leveling, Double-rodded
    leveling and Three-wire Leveling

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Direct or Spirit Leveling

    Most precise method

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Reciprocal Leveling

    Used to determine the difference in


    elevation between two intervisible
    points

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Reciprocal Leveling

    Usually when it is impossible to setup


    instrument midway between the
    points

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Profile Leveling

    Used to determine the elevations


    along a designated line (Center lines
    or Alignments) in which these data
    are used for design or construction

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Trigonometric Leveling

    This is employed with the use of


    trigonometric functions on the
    measured horizontal distance and
    vertical angles.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Stadia Leveling

    Combines features of direct leveling


    and trigonometric leveling.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Barometric Leveling

    Elevations are determined by


    measuring the variations of
    atmospheric pressure between two
    points.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Cross Section Leveling

    Used to get the representative


    ground surface to determine the
    necessary earthworks to be done.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008


    Borrow Pit Leveling

    Method of determining relative


    elevations of points to be used for
    earthworks.

    From “Elementary Surveying”, Juny Pilapil La Putt, 2008

    You might also like