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    Cultural Anthropology

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    TRISH BOCA
    Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture. It involves two approaches: ethnography, which provides accounts of particular communities through fieldwork, and ethnology, which examines and compares ethnographic data across societies. The four main subfields of anthropology are biological anthropology, which studies humans as a biological species; archaeology, which reconstructs past cultures through material remains; linguistic anthropology, which studies the relationship between language and culture; and cultural anthropology, which describes, analyzes, interprets and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. Applied anthropology refers to applying anthropological data and perspectives to address real-world problems. Anthropology is also related to other social sciences like sociology, economics

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    Cultural Anthropology

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    TRISH BOCA
    189 views12 pages
    Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture. It involves two approaches: ethnography, which provides accounts of particular communities through fieldwork, and ethnology, which examines and compares ethnographic data across societies. The four main subfields of anthropology are biological anthropology, which studies humans as a biological species; archaeology, which reconstructs past cultures through material remains; linguistic anthropology, which studies the relationship between language and culture; and cultural anthropology, which describes, analyzes, interprets and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. Applied anthropology refers to applying anthropological data and perspectives to address real-world problems. Anthropology is also related to other social sciences like sociology, economics

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    Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture. It involves two approaches: ethnography, which provides accounts of particular communities through fieldwork, and ethnology, which examines and compares ethnographic data across societies. The four main subfields of anthropology are biological anthropology, which studies humans as a biological species; archaeology, which reconstructs past cultures through material remains; linguistic anthropology, which studies the relationship between language and culture; and cultural anthropology, which describes, analyzes, interprets and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. Applied anthropology refers to applying anthropological data and perspectives to address real-world problems. Anthropology is also related to other social sciences like sociology, economics

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    189 views12 pages

    Cultural Anthropology

    Uploaded by

    TRISH BOCA
    Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture. It involves two approaches: ethnography, which provides accounts of particular communities through fieldwork, and ethnology, which examines and compares ethnographic data across societies. The four main subfields of anthropology are biological anthropology, which studies humans as a biological species; archaeology, which reconstructs past cultures through material remains; linguistic anthropology, which studies the relationship between language and culture; and cultural anthropology, which describes, analyzes, interprets and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. Applied anthropology refers to applying anthropological data and perspectives to address real-world problems. Anthropology is also related to other social sciences like sociology, economics

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    Cultural Anthropology

    What is Anthropology

    ANTHROPOLOGY – derived from the Greek words anthropos for “human” and logos for “study” if we take
    literally, the study of humans. (Gary Ferraro, 2001)
     – is the study of people – their origins, their development, and contemporary variations, wherever and
    whenever they have been found on the face of the earth. The subject matter of anthropology includes
    fossilized skeletal remains of early humans, artifacts and other material remains from prehistoric and
    historic archaeological sites, and all of the contemporary and historical cultures of the world. They are
    concerned with humans, both past and present, as well as human behavior patterns, thought systems, and
    material possessions.
     is the study of humankind – of ancient and modern people and their ways of living. ( Marvin Harris and
    Orna Johnson, 2000)
     is the scientific and humanistic study of the human species. It is the exploration of human diversity in time
    and space. ( Conrad Phillip Kottak, 2000)
    The Four Core Subfields of Anthropology and Applied Anthropology
    Biological Anthropology

    Biological anthropology
     (also referred to as physical anthropology) is the subfield of
    anthropology concerned with humans as a biological species.
     Biological anthropologists conduct research to understand both
    human evolution and modern human variation.
    ARCHAEOLOGY

     – (Kottak) reconstructs, describes, and interprets past human behavior and cultural
    patterns through material remains. At sites where people live or have lived,
    archaeologists find artifacts, material items that humans have made or modified, such as
    tools, weapons, camp sites, and buildings. Plant and animal remains and ancient garbage
    tell stories about consumption and activities. Archaeologists are best known for studying
    prehistory, that is, the period before the invention of writing, they also study the cultures
    of historical and even living peoples.
     examines the material remains of past cultures left behind on or below the surface of the
    earth. Without the findings of archaeology, we would not be able to understand the
    human past, especially where people have not left any books or other written records.
    ( Harris and Johnson )
    Linguistic Anthropology

     the study of language, has a long history that dove- tails with the
    discipline of philosophy, but is also one of the integral subfields of
    anthropology.
     focuses on the relationship between language and culture, how
    language is used within society, and how the human brain acquires
    and uses language
    CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

     (Kottak) is the study of human society and culture, the subfield that
    describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural
    similarities and differences. To study and interpret cultural
    diversity, cultural anthropologists engage in two kinds of activity:
    ethnography (based on fieldwork) and ethnology (based on
    crosscultural comparison).
    Kinds

     ETHNOGRAPHY – provides an account of a particular community, society, or culture.


    During ethnographic fieldwork, the ethnographer gathers data that he or she organizes,
    describes, analyzes, and interprets to build and present that account, which may be in the
    form of a book, article, or film. Traditionally, ethnographers have lived in small
    communities and studied local behavior, beliefs, customs, social life, economic activities,
    politics, and religion.
     ETHNOLOGY – examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of
    ethnography – the data gathered in different societies. It uses such data to compare and
    contrast and to make generalizations about society and culture. (Kottak)
    THE PRACTICING OR APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY

     refers to the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory,


    and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems.
    More and more anthropologists from the 4 subfields now work in such
    “applied” areas as public health, family planning, and economic
    development.
     have served as cultural interpreters in public health programs, which
    must fit into local culture and be accepted by local people.
     also apply their skills in studying the human dimension of environmental
    degradation (e.g.,deforestation, pollution.
    ANTHROPOLOGY, ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIAL
    SCIENCES

    Anthropology and Sociology


     The relation between anthropology and sociology is widely recognized today. In fact,
    anthropologist, Kroeber, pointed out that the two sciences are twin sisters. Robert
    Redfield writes that “viewing the whole united states, one sees that the relation between
    anthropology and sociology is closer than those between the anthropology and other
    social sciences”.
     Sociological topics, such as The Origin of Family, The Beginning of Marriage, Private
    property, The Genesis of Religion etc, can be better understood in the light of
    anthropological knowledge. The anthropological studies have shown that there is no
    correlation between anatomical characteristics and mental superiority. The notion of racial
    superiority has been disproved by anthropology.
    ANTHROPOLOGY, ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIAL SCIENCES

    Anthropology and Economics


    -Anthropology and Economics, as social sciences, have very close relation. The
    relationship between the two sciences is so close that one is often treated as the
    branch of the other
    -Anthropologists have contributed to the study of different aspects of economic
    organization. An economist provides knowledge of property system, division of
    labour, occupations, industrial organization etc to the anthropologists. Some
    matters such as labour relations, standard of living, employer-employee relations,
    social classes, socio-economic planning, socio-economic reforms etc are common
    to both economists and anthropologists.
    ANTHROPOLOGY, ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIAL SCIENCES

    Anthropology and Social Psychology


    -Anthropology and Psychology are contributory sciences. Psychology
    is defined as the study of human behavior. Anthropology studies man
    in all places and times. Psychology is the science of human
    experiences and behaviors. It also studies man’s behavior in relation
    to environment. Anthropology is also a comparative and analytic
    study of human behavior and experiences.

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