International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.

6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Geographical Information System (GIS) in Jalandhar City

as a Tool of Network Analysis
Harcharan Singh, Sachin Suryawanshi

Abstract— Jalandhar City's Road Network Analysis junctions, and sewer and A GIS feature called network
is conducted to evaluate the roadways network using analysis was used to calculate the time required for
the Geographic Information System and remote emergency vehicles to move from fire stations to
sensing. Using sophisticated technology, i.e. RS & distinct regions of the city. A significant
GIS, Roadways network assessment has now become implementation of network assessment is discovered
prevalent practice in many fields of implementation in in transport planning, where the problem could be to
these environments. But the network of roadways, discover routes that correspond to certain
which is one of the spatial characteristics and is to be, requirements, such as finding the shortest or least cost
analysed extensively using GIS. The primary issue in route between two or more places, or to discover all
the assessment of the roadways network is the places within the given travel price from a defined
analysing and measuring the services (like as Schools, source. A GIS is traditionally representing the actual
Hospitals and Fire Stations) efficiency in terms of world in either one of two spatial models, vector-
timing and distance covered by the vehicle. GIS can based, i.e. points, rows and polygons, or raster-based,
assist in the storage, manipulation and analysis of a i.e. constant grid ground cells. This research will
city's physical, social and economic information. GIS explore the topic of network assessment in both the
spatial query and mapping features can then be used GIS raster and vector, to compare the two models of
by planners to analyse the current scenario in the space. Network analysis is helpful for organizations
urban traffic network evaluation of Jalandhar City in managing or using networked equipment such as
terms of their basic services for police department and utilities, transmission and transportation systems. It is
many other departments also. Not only can the also possible to apply network analysis to retail store
methodology be used on a straightforward street planning. Settling driving times, for example, can help
network assessment, it can also support multi-edge determine retail store trade regions. Reducing driving
sources in modelling complicated multimodal times, for example, can help to determine the
networks. The following duties are covered by the scheduling of retail stores. Settling driving times, for
studies and assessments: Select and develop the example, can help determine retail store trade regions.
source workspace, identify the sources and their The network therefore offers the motion of
position in the network, model the connectivity, define individuals and products, the provision of facilities,
characteristics and determine their values. It also the flow of services and data. Network tracking,
outlined the following analyses: find the best path, network routing and network allocation are three main
find the nearest facility, find the service area and kinds of network assessment. A complicated topology
create the O-D cost matrix. that involves links, nodes, turns (e.g. through turn
tables), paths (e.g. through dynamic segmentation)
Keywords—GIS, Road Network analysis, Route and terminal path changes can illustrate the traffic
Analysis and Service Areas. network. Some of the networks are fully
interconnected (e.g., on the same highway, cars,
I. INTRODUCTION busses, bicycles and pedestrians), some are only
A network is a liner function scheme with the partially interconnected.
attribute
proper for object flow. A is an This analyst's network used was stored as a
interconnected elements scheme, such as
network linking network dataset. From the sources participating in the
point‘s lines. Examples of networks network, a network dataset was developed. It includes
include
city-connected roads, interconnected streets at road sophisticated models of connectivity representing
complicated situations, such as multimodal transport
Manuscript revised June 5, 2019 and published on July 10, 2019 networks. It also has a wealthy attribute model for the
Harcharan Singh, AITP, Urban Planner & GIS Expert, Alumni of network that helps model impedances, limitations, and
GRD School of Planning, GNDU, Amritsar.
[email protected] hierarchy. The network dataset was constructed using
Sachin Suryawanshi, GIS Expert, Alumni, University of Pune, simple features (lines and points) and turns.
[email protected]

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

II. AIM & OBJECTIVE •Identifying characteristics and determining their

Aim: Jalandhar City's service area-based network values, and their analysis [18].
assessment using GIS methods.
The purpose of this study is to create Jalandhar City's III. STUDY AREA
GIS-based urban traffic network assessment especially Jalandhar city area is situated in central-northern
for police department. To this end, the study will portion over Punjab in India with location coordinates
pursue the following goals. near to as 31° 19' N latitudes & 35° 18' E longitudes.
The objectives of this study are as follows: Jalandhar city is an historic metropolis among the
• Selecting and creating the source workspace, upper Indian ruler on Punjab. It‘s domestic in
•Identifying the sources and the role they will play in accordance with Devi Talab Mandir, a centuries-old
the network, Hindu house devoted according to the goddess Durga,
•Connectivity modelling for management of the along a pond regarded holy through devotees. The
service of Police department for public, whitewashed Gurdwara Chhevin Patshahi is a region
concerning revere because of Sikhs.

Figure 1: Location of Jalandhar City in India.

from 6.20C within January (winters) and 250C in

To the southeast lies St. Mary‘s Cathedral, a modern May then June (summers). The area received an
constructing including Punjabi architectural average annual rainfall concerning as 569 mm.
elements, 2 domed towers yet a pond. It stands at Maximum rainfall is received beside the southwest
56th function amongst Indian metropolitan cities. monsoon. It is basically said to main hub for all
The quantity of population in Jalandhar city is 8.62 economic activities and Sports goods industries in
lakhs as per census 2011. The city varieties piece on Punjab [16].
the Trans Indo Gangetic plain, topography is
virtually lucid or the ground is altogether fertile into
the area. It is the hub of Medical institutes and IV. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
Hospitals in Punjab and also called as the NRI City A. Data Sources: In first phase of methodology the
of Punjab. Maximum temperature varies beside acquisitions of preferred data should be done. The
19.40C of January (winters) and 400C in May then data such as satellite images with good resolution or
June (summers). The minimum temperature varies aerial photographs or toposheet.

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Collection &
Preparation of Data

Georeferencing the Image in

GIS Software

Digitization of Polygon Boundary

and other feature in GIS Software

Road Networking

Create Topology

Test Topology
in GIS
Software &
Add Data

Network Analysis

Different Route/Service Analysis

Result & Conclusion

Flow Chart 1: Methodology of Network Analysis.

It should be Digitize with a defined zoom level, so boundary, from this City Boundary was extracted.
all the features can be digitized in number of layers. The line feature represents the Transport Network
In next phase the ground control points had taken of of Jalandhar City. By using the Jalandhar City
every Area of Interest (AOI) on the known roads / boundary, the road line feature were clipped and
important places for georeferencing. If there is saved with a different name, so it shows only the
another registered image then image to image Road Network which comes within the Jalandhar
registration should be performed. City boundary as shown in Flow chart no. 1.
And if the administrative boundary is there, then it Methodology of Network Analysis. In figure 2, it
should clip the selected area according to basically shows the geospatial location of Schools
administrative boundary. In GIS software, it is in Jalandhar city with the help of point location and
possible to extract the region of interest (ROI). This in figure 3, it mainly shows the location of
ROI consist two types of features the first one is Hospitals in Jalandhar and in figure 4, it mainly
polygon feature and second one is line feature. The shows the locations of Fire stations in Jalandhar.
polygon feature represents the Jalandhar City These geospatial locations of the different three
types of
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.76201909 30
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

service area are procured with the help of Google the importance of network analysis technology of
maps for the research purpose only and with the GIS in Jalandhar City. Which have advantage in
help of their analyses on GIS software it basically daily life for Police department and for public also.
shows

Figure 2: School/Education Institute Data of Jalandhar City on GIS Map

doi: 10.32622/ijrat.76201909 30
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Figure 3: Hospitals Data of Jalandhar City on GIS Map

Figure 4: Fire Station Data of Jalandhar City on GIS Map.

doi: 10.32622/ijrat.76201909 33
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

B. Dataset in Geodatabase: attribute table of the shape files with different

The dataset network was created in a Geodatabase services names as for Schools, Hospitals and Fire
that supports different corner, turn and intersection Stations etc. as example shown in figure 5.
sources. Adding the different attributes in the

Figure 5. Adding the School Attributes in the Attribute table

Connectivity for the network dataset was developed data having a category Road Type, like 'National
using the GIS Connectivity model in conjunction Highway', 'State Highway', 'District Road' , 'Major
with the elevation field model and for each source City Roads' and ‗sub Roads‘. By using this
of edge and junction, the connectivity policy was classification the selection process was performed.
determined. Special situations, such as bridges, So only those roads are there which is 'National
were also discussed. During network evaluation, Highway', 'State Highway', 'District Road' and
the impedances used and their values were 'Major City Roads', it means the ‗Sub Roads‘ and
determined from the network sources [18]. those roads are having null value are removed. This
process is nothing but Elimination processes all the
C. Creating the Network Dataset function classes that were involved in a network as
The next step is a Road Generalization and Network sources were put in one feature dataset. Fields
dataset as shown in figure 6. These geometric representing network impedance values such as
operations are involved selection, range, travel time, etc. and other network attributes
symbolization, elimination etc. The Road Network
merge, such as one-way, z-elevation, etc [17, 18].

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Figure 6. Network dataset

The network was developed using the new Network locations. For this it is urgent for the police
Dataset wizard by naming the network dataset, department to differentiate the shortest path & Best
identifying network sources, establishing route and choose the one path as according to the
connectivity, identifying elevation information, situation ahead. It has developed after a network
specifying turn sources, defining characteristics dataset has been developed. Building is a technique
(such as expenses, descriptors, limitations, and of setting up network parts, creating connectivity,
hierarchy). It was created after creating a network and assigning values to recognized features. Finally,
dataset. Building is a method of establishing in the Geodatabase, new turn feature class was
network components, establishing connectivity, and created from the context menu in the catalogue. As
assigning values to the characteristics identified. an example, either the path with the least length
Finally, from the context menu in the Catalog in the (shortest route) will be chosen to navigate from one
GIS Software, fresh turn function class was place to another, or the route with the least duration
developed in the Geodatabase [17,18]. of travel (best route) will be chosen based on the
impedance variable you choose to fix (From
Ramamandi, Jalandhar to Patel Chownk Jalandhar).
V. USEFUL FOR POLICE DEPARTMENT In this assessment, the length of the highway was
(TO DIFFERENTIATE THE SHORTEST PATH & selected as the impedance factor, the starting time of
BEST ROUTE) the journey to 5:00 PM, which is the traffic on the
highway network in the Jalandhar City.
It is very useful for the daily services providing by
the police department to the public at different

doi: 10.32622/ijrat.76201909 35
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

that the best route is more suitable for being used in

Table no. 1: Time taken & distance covered by a emergency situations than the shortest route [17].
vehicle in the same network at same time (5 P.M)
in different days of a week. VI. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Day Shortage Route Best Route A. Finding the Best Route
Length Time Len Time The analyst finds the best way or the best path to
(in (in gth (in visit multiple locations from one location to another.
km) minute (in minute The locations were described interactively by
s) km) s) placing points on the screen, entering an address, or
Sunday 9.1 47 14.5 34 using points in an existing function class or feature
Monday 9.1 35 14.5 25 layer. The best route has been determined for the
Tuesday 9.1 33 14.5 24 place order as stated by the client. The evaluation
Wednesday 9.1 37 14.5 28 may also identify the best sequence to visit the
Thursday 9.1 39 14.5 30 locations. The best route evaluation produces the
Friday 9.1 35 14.5 27 best route between two places depending on travel
Saturday 9.1 45 14.5 35 time, depending on the traffic circumstances
Source: Computed Values. available on the network at a given time of the day.
The expansion of the network analyst makes it
The distance from the shortest path assessment simple to set the best parameters for rotary
reflects the accumulated lengths of the road sections evaluation, such as the travel time that will be used
through which the agents will move. Similarly, the as an impedance variable, the travel begin moment
complete route time acquired from the shortest path that produces distinct outcomes depending on the
assessment reflects the accumulated time in minutes chosen day profile, Analysis constraints such as
for each section of the path over which officials are highway instructions (unidirectional or
going to move. It also shows the best path between bidirectional) and the capacity to disregard invalid
the two sites. We chose the travel time of the road as network sites that could cause the analysis to fail.
the impedance factor in this assessment, and this We have chosen the start place and the end place
assessment was conducted simultaneously and as after changing the best route analysis settings and
the shortest path assessment over the 7 days of the then use the best route solver tool to create the best
week. In 7 days from Sunday to Saturday, it has path between the two places.
repeated the two analyses for the same two locations
and calculated the total distance (in KM) and the B. Finding the Closest Facility
average travel time (in minutes) for the two roads Analysis of the closet equipment discovers the
obtained. To demonstrate the difference of the best nearest installations that can be reached from an
route and shortest route by the values noted down incident place in a particular period based on
when there is normal traffic on the road network accessible travel time and traffic information. This
during these time periods. The proportion of helps to understand the nearest equipment from the
supremacy for the highest travel time on the path incident place in emergency cases, In turn, this
was calculated using the following formula: decreases time, effort, money and saves people's
lives [3] as shown in figure 7. The expansion of the
SP ∑ ) − 1)/9] * 100;
Such that: network assessment makes it simple to set the
SP = Superiority Percentage analytical parameters for the assessment of the
SRT = Shortest Route Time closets, such as the impedance factor in the
BRT = Best Route Time assessment, the starting time, the time to reach the
In emergencies, it is vital to achieve the site of an closets, number of equipment to be found and travel
incident as quickly as possible in order to save instructions (from equipment to equipment or
people's lives. So, according it is to be noted on the equipment to incidents). Then, the nearest
base of this formula of percentage with superiority installations to the place of an incident are to use the
network analyst expansion solver [18].

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Figure 7: Closest Facility service areas along the specific streets.

C. Finding Service Areas basis of any other network impedance. Assessing

The Analysis will find service regions around any accessibility helps answer some fundamental
network place. A network service area is a region questions like "How many individuals are within a
covering all available roads, i.e. streets within 10-minute drive from a School or specific clinic?"
defined impedance. For example, a facility's 10- as shown in figure 8 or "How many residents live
minute service area includes all the streets that can within a half-kilometre walk from a City Hospital ?"
be reached from that facility within ten minutes. Also, the examination of accessibility determined
Accessibility relates to the ease of going to a site. how appropriate a site is for a fresh company. It
Accessibility has been evaluated in terms of travel also recognized what is close to a current company
time in this Analyst. And it can be evaluated on the to assist you in making other marketing choices
[18].

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E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Figure 8: 5 Minutes (Dark in shade) to 10 Minutes (Light in shade) Service areas from the specific Schools and clinics in Jalandhar City.

D. Evaluating Accessibility
By a buffer distance around a point, one easy way to assess accessibility.

Figure 9: Buffer distance along the School location on the both sides (0.4 KM) from the main road.

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E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

For instance, by using an easy circle, find out how many removed by applying topological rules. Now the resultant
clients/service areas are within a site's 5-kilometer radius. network is perfect for the analysis. The analyses will
However, this technique will not represent the real considerably facilitate decision-making processes by offering
accessibility to the site considering individuals traveling by helpful data to motorists, other road users, Public/Semi
major road network. An analyst-computed service networks Public Departments, transportation providers,
can overcome the limit by finding available roads within five stakeholders and the people‘s at large extent. Some of the
other
kilometres of a site through the GIS based roads network information that can be obtained from the analyses, among
analysis as show in figure 9. The service networks, for others, are like as the best path (the fastest, shortest, or most
instance, acquire what is next to the available roads [17]. picturesque route) to a destination and findings nearest
infrastructure (such as a bus stop, police station, shopping
E. Creating an OD Cost Matrix Malls, hospitals, etc.)[17, 18].
The analyst can generate a cost matrix of origin-destination
(OD) from various roots to various locations. An OD cost REFERENCES
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doi: 10.32622/ijrat.76201909 39
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.6, June 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

AUTHORS PROFILE

Harcharan Singh: M.Tech in Urban Planning from

GRD School of Planning, Amritsar. M.Sc in Remote
Sensing & GIS from KU, Nainital. Associate Member
of ITPI.

Sachin Suryawanshi: M.Sc in Geo informatics from

Pune University and M.A in Geography from Shivaji
University,Kolhapur

doi: 10.32622/ijrat.76201909 40