Energy Balances Procedure Single Component and Double Component System

Energy Balances Procedure
Single Component and Double

component system
Energy Balance on one component System
Example
Two streams of water are mixed to form the feed to
boiler. Process data is as follows;
Feed Stream 1 120 kg/min @ 300C

Feed Stream 2 175 kg/min @ 650C
Boiler Pressure 17 bar (Absolute)
The exiting steams emerges from the boiler
through a 6 cm ID pipe. Calculate the required heat
input to boiler in KJ/min if the emerging steam is
saturated at the boiler pressure. Neglect the kinetic
energies of the liquid inlet streams.
Solution
Step 1, Do material balance and calculate unknown
streams i.e. calculate the flow rate of emerging stream
i.e. 296 kg/min.
Step2, Next determine the specific enthalpies for each

stream component, you are provided with
temperature, from where u can calculate .
Using pressure of exiting stream, you can use table to
predict temperature of that stream.
Calculate the required heat input to boiler in KJ/min if the
emerging steam is saturated at the boiler pressure. Neglect
the kinetic energies of the liquid inlet streams.
The enthalpies of both streams are taken from the steam

table can be seen, one at 300C had an enthalpy of 125.74
KJ/kg and one at 650C had an enthalpy of 272 KJ/kg.
We are using Hf (enthalpy of liquid water, as physical state of

our inlet streams in liquid.
Likewise, we will use the steam table for exit stream at

17bar (1700 kPa)
Since we are provided with pressure and it is saturated

steam that is emerging from the boiler, we will be using
relevant steam table i.e. 1700 KPa.
Doing interpolation to find the value at 1700 kPa i.e Hv

2793 kJ/kg, we can have value of Temperature i.e.
2040C.
Step 3, Draw a labelled diagram.
Step 3, Draw a labelled diagram.
Step 4, Writing appropriate form of energy balance

equation.

Step 5, Calculating and .

• Based on the information provided to us, the diameter of

pipe, we can calculate cross section area.
• We can get value of specific volume for 1700 kPa steam.
• Thus velocity can be calculated using above two.

Calculating specific volume from

steam table.
Since we are
referring about our
exit stream which is
steam so we will
use .
Using interpolation
to calculate value
at 1700 kPa i.e.
0.1166m3/kg.

Calculating cross section area from
given diameter.
Calculating velocity from area and specific volume.


Assuming KE of input streams as
negligible

As you can see KE is only a small fraction of total

energy roughly around 0.8%. It is not uncommon
practice to ignore contributions of PE and KE.
Energy Balance on two
component System
•
When process streams contain several
components, the specific enthalpies of each
component must be determined separately and
substituted in the energy balance equation when
is evaluated. For mixtures of near-ideal gases or
of liquids with similar molecular structures (e.g.,
mixtures Of paraffins), you may assume that for
a mixture component is the same as for the
pure substance at the same temperature and
pressure.
Energy Balance on two component System
Example
A liquid stream containing 60.0 wt% ethane and 40.0% n-
butane is to be heated from 150 K to 200 K at a pressure of 5
bar. Calculate the required heat input per kilogram of the
mixture, neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes,
using tabulated enthalpy data for C2H6 and C4H10 and assuming
that mixture component enthalpies are those of the pure
species at the same temperature.
Solution
Step 1, Choosing a basis 1 kg/s of Mixture
The enthalpies values of n-butane at 150 K and
200 K can be taken from reference books,
Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook and
likewise for ethane can be found from similar
book.
Example
A liquid stream containing 60.0 wt% ethane and 40.0% n-
butane is to be heated from 150 K to 200 K at a pressure of 5
bar. Calculate the required heat input per kilogram of the
mixture, neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes,
using tabulated enthalpy data for C2H6 and C4H10 and assuming
that mixture component enthalpies are those of the pure
species at the same temperature.
Solution
Step 2, Drawing a labelled flow chart diagram
• As given in question, the composition doesn’t change

at process downstream.
• No material balance is necessary, as there is one input
and one output stream and no chemical reaction
Calculate the required heat input per kilogram of the mixture,
neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes, using
tabulated enthalpy data for C2H6 and C4H10 and assuming that
mixture component enthalpies are those of the pure species
at the same temperature.
Step 3, Applying general energy balance equation
Since the process materials are all gases and we are assuming
ideal gas behavior. we may set the enthalpies of each stream
equal to the sums of the individual component enthalpies
Calculate the required heat input per kilogram of the mixture,
neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes, using
tabulated enthalpy data for C2H6 and C4H10 and assuming that
mixture component enthalpies are those of the pure species
at the same temperature.
Step 4, Calculating enthalpy

Energy Balances on System
with Simultaneous Material
and Energy Balance
Cases of simultaneous
Material and Energy Balance
In the two previous examples, it was possible
to complete all material balance calculations
before undertaking the energy balance. In
another class of problems one more stream
amount Or flow rate is unknown than can be
determined by material balances alone. To
solve problems of this type, you must write and
solve material and energy balances
simultaneously.
Simultaneous Material and Energy Balance
Example
Saturated steam at 1 atm is discharged from a turbine at
a rate of 1150 kg/h. Superheated steam at 3000C and 1
atm is needed as a feed to a heat exchanger; to produce
it, the turbine discharge stream is mixed with
superheated steam available from a second source at
4000C and 1 atm. The mixing unit operates adiabatically.
Calculate the amount of superheated steam at 3000C
produced and the required volumetric flow rate of the
4000C steam.
Step 1, Obtain missing data from different sources
Input Stream Data
The specific enthalpies of saturated stream at
Saturation(1 atm) 100 0C and 4000C are taken from the
steam table.
Output Stream Data
The specific enthalpy of superheated steam (3000C)exit
stream is also calculated from steam table.
Saturated steam at 1 atm is discharged from a turbine at
a rate of 1150 kg/h. Superheated steam at 3000C and 1
atm is needed as a feed to a heat exchanger; to produce
it, the turbine discharge stream is mixed with
superheated steam available from a second source at
4000C and 1 atm. The mixing unit operates adiabatically.
Calculate the amount of superheated steam at 3000C
produced and the required volumetric flow rate of the
4000C steam.
Step 2, Drawing a labelled diagram
The mixing unit operates adiabatically. Calculate the
amount of superheated steam at 3000C produced and the
required volumetric flow rate of the 4000C steam.
Step 3, Finding the number of unknowns.

There are two unknown quantities in this process
and —and only one permissible material balance.
(Why?) The material and energy balances must
therefore be solved simultaneously to determine the
two flow rates.
Step 4, Writing number of independent equations.

Mass Balance on Water 1
Energy Balance on Water
2

Solving eq. 1 and eq.2 simultaneously gives = 2240
kg/hr. and = 3390 kg/hr. (product flow rate)

We have the mass flow rate of 4000C steam i.e.= 2240
kg/hr but we are requested to calculate the volumetric
flow rate, which can be done using calculating specific
volume from steam table at 4000C and 1 atm i.e. 0.1
MPa.

= 3.10 m3/kg
Volumetric flow
rate= *

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Energy Balances Procedure

Single Component and Double

Feed Stream 1 120 kg/min @ 300C

Step2, Next determine the specific enthalpies for each

The enthalpies of both streams are taken from the steam

We are using Hf (enthalpy of liquid water, as physical state of

Likewise, we will use the steam table for exit stream at

Since we are provided with pressure and it is saturated

Doing interpolation to find the value at 1700 kPa i.e Hv

Step 3, Draw a labelled diagram.

Step 4, Writing appropriate form of energy balance

Calculate the required heat input to boiler in KJ/min if the

• Based on the information provided to us, the diameter of

Calculate the required heat input to boiler in KJ/min if the

Calculating specific volume from

Calculate the required heat input to boiler in KJ/min if the

Calculating velocity from area and specific volume.

Calculate the required heat input to boiler in KJ/min if the

Calculate the required heat input to boiler in KJ/min if the

As you can see KE is only a small fraction of total

• As given in question, the composition doesn’t change

Step 3, Applying general energy balance equation

Step 4, Calculating enthalpy

In the two previous examples, it was possible

to complete all material balance calculations

before undertaking the energy balance. In

another class of problems one more stream

amount Or flow rate is unknown than can be

determined by material balances alone. To

solve problems of this type, you must write and

solve material and energy balances

Step 3, Finding the number of unknowns.

Step 4, Writing number of independent equations.

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