Pearson Physics: Prepared by Chris Chiaverina
Pearson Physics: Prepared by Chris Chiaverina
Pearson Physics: Prepared by Chris Chiaverina
Pearson Physics
Prepared by
Chris Chiaverina
• In general, plane waves have flat wave fronts and parallel rays all
pointing in the same direction.
• It turns out that the travel time is least when the light
follows path 2. This obeys the law of reflection, with the
angle of reflection equal to the angle of incidence.
• This path is also the shortest possible reflecting path
from A to B. The distances (and travel times) along paths
1 and 3 are greater, as is shown in the figure below.
• Rays of light leaving the top of the flower at point P reflect from the
mirror and enter the eye of an observer. To the observer, it appears
that the rays are coming from the point P′ behind the mirror.
• Similar remarks apply to rays of light coming from the base of the
flower vase.
• In the figure below, a ray is drawn from the flower to the mirror—
where it reflects—and then to the eye.
• Three rays, known as principal rays, are used in ray tracing with
spherical mirrors. These rays are illustrated in the figure below.
• As the figure shows, the parallel ray (P ray) reflects through the
focal point. The focal-point ray (F ray) reflects parallel to the
principal axis, and the center-of-curvature ray (C ray) reflects back
along its incoming path.
• The figure below shows the principal rays used in ray tracing for a
convex mirror.
• The following figure shows how the principal rays can be used to
obtain an image with a convex mirror.
• The C ray isn't needed in this case and has been omitted for clarity.
Notice that the image is inverted (upside-down), closer to the mirror,
and smaller than the object.
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Curved Mirrors