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    Whigs and Tories: History. Main Features

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    Мария Бурова
    The Whig and Tory political parties emerged in the late 17th century after the Glorious Revolution in England. The Whigs supported constitutional monarchy, greater power for Parliament, and religious freedom. They represented wealthy middle class interests. The Tories supported a stronger monarchy, the supremacy of the Anglican Church, and resisted reforms. They were predominantly landed aristocrats. By the late 18th century the parties were loose groupings dominated by aristocrats, though they differed on openness to change and reform.

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    Whigs and Tories: History. Main Features

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    Мария Бурова
    179 views11 pages
    The Whig and Tory political parties emerged in the late 17th century after the Glorious Revolution in England. The Whigs supported constitutional monarchy, greater power for Parliament, and religious freedom. They represented wealthy middle class interests. The Tories supported a stronger monarchy, the supremacy of the Anglican Church, and resisted reforms. They were predominantly landed aristocrats. By the late 18th century the parties were loose groupings dominated by aristocrats, though they differed on openness to change and reform.

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    The Whig and Tory political parties emerged in the late 17th century after the Glorious Revolution in England. The Whigs supported constitutional monarchy, greater power for Parliament, and religious freedom. They represented wealthy middle class interests. The Tories supported a stronger monarchy, the supremacy of the Anglican Church, and resisted reforms. They were predominantly landed aristocrats. By the late 18th century the parties were loose groupings dominated by aristocrats, though they differed on openness to change and reform.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    179 views11 pages

    Whigs and Tories: History. Main Features

    Uploaded by

    Мария Бурова
    The Whig and Tory political parties emerged in the late 17th century after the Glorious Revolution in England. The Whigs supported constitutional monarchy, greater power for Parliament, and religious freedom. They represented wealthy middle class interests. The Tories supported a stronger monarchy, the supremacy of the Anglican Church, and resisted reforms. They were predominantly landed aristocrats. By the late 18th century the parties were loose groupings dominated by aristocrats, though they differed on openness to change and reform.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Whigs and Tories

    History. Main features.


    18th century London
    Whigs and Tories
    pulling for a
    crown

    Historical facts
    The Whig and Tory parties played an important role in British politics in the decades following
    the Glorious Revolution. This paper builds on the The History of Parliament between 1690 and
    1740.
    • The Whigs are shown to be more strongly represented in southeastern municipal boroughs.
    • The Tories were strongest in Midland.
    Oliver Cromwell

    The formation of the Two


    Parties
    After the English Civil War had established a protectorate in
    place of a monarchy under New Model Army leader Oliver
    Cromwell, was restored to the throne but was under specific
    limits placed upon by parliament. The Bill of Rights was
    enacted in 1689, and certain privileges were protected from
    intrusion by any power including the monarchy.
    The people who wished to exclude James from the throne came
    to be known as Whigs, and the people who gave support were
    known as Tories, or the Tory party.

    King Charles II
    Both names inherently have negative connotations: 'Whig'
    means a horse driver in Scottish Gaelic, and 'Tory' means outlaw
    in the Irish Gaelic language.
    Anglican Church

    The Tories came to represent and support the Anglican Church,


    the gentry, and the maintenance of a relatively strong monarchy.
    On the other hand, the Whigs supported non-Anglicans (notably
    Presbyterians), wealthy middle class people, and later industrial,
    mercantile interests.
    During the Glorious Revolution
    (1688-89) the two Whig and
    Tory parties cooperated in
    discontinuing the Stuart
    dynasty and seating William III
    of Orange on the throne of
    England, Scotland, and Ireland.
    It was during this period that
    the two parties, although their
    differences were ameliorated to
    Glorious Revolution drawing
    an extent, moved forward
    another step in fomenting their
    respective party identities.
    At the End of the 18th Century

    • The political parties were just loose groupings who


    voted together in Parliament;
    • No structure, or conferences or local branches;
    • Both dominated by the landed aristocracy and both
    led by Anglicans;
    • There were only subtle differences of emphasis.
    William Pitt

    Tory Beliefs
    1. The ‘divine right of kings’;
    2. The Tories strongly defended the supremacy of the Church of
    England;
    3. Tories were overwhelmingly and exclusively made up of landed
    aristocracy;
    4. The Tories were fearful of and resistant to change and revolution;
    5. The Tories believed the existing political system should never be
    reformed
    6. In 1783 the leader of the Tories was William Pitt (the younger)
    Charles Fox

    Whig Beliefs
    1. The Whigs though loyal were more likely to question the
    power and expenditure of the King and the royal family;
    2. The Whigs believed Parliament should have more power
    than the King;
    3. They were mainly aristocrats;
    4. The Whigs were sympathetic to extended rights to religious
    minorities;
    5. The Whigs were less resistant to change;
    6. In 1783 the leader of the Whigs was Charles Fox.
    What they became

    • In 1834 the Tories were forced to abandon their


    complete resistance to all change following the
    Greater reform Act of 1832.
    • Throughout the next 100 years the Whigs became
    increasingly the party of the new middle class and
    by 1859 had been relaunched as the Liberal Party
    by William Gladstone committed to free trade and
    modernising reform.
    Thank you for
    attention

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