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    Fe 211 Lecture Two-1

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    Canny Chal
    Christian missionaries arrived in Kenya in the 19th century and established schools to spread Christianity and Western education. They opened schools along the coast but faced resistance from the established Islamic culture. As colonial rule expanded inland in the late 19th century, more missionary schools were established across the country. These schools primarily taught religious and basic academic subjects, with an emphasis on converting Africans and preparing some for low-level jobs. African acceptance of missionary education was initially indifferent or hostile due to concerns that it undermined their culture. However, as some Africans gained employment and status through education, more began embracing schools.

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    Fe 211 Lecture Two-1

    Uploaded by

    Canny Chal
    63 views20 pages
    Christian missionaries arrived in Kenya in the 19th century and established schools to spread Christianity and Western education. They opened schools along the coast but faced resistance from the established Islamic culture. As colonial rule expanded inland in the late 19th century, more missionary schools were established across the country. These schools primarily taught religious and basic academic subjects, with an emphasis on converting Africans and preparing some for low-level jobs. African acceptance of missionary education was initially indifferent or hostile due to concerns that it undermined their culture. However, as some Africans gained employment and status through education, more began embracing schools.

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    FE 211 LECTURE TWO-1

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    Christian missionaries arrived in Kenya in the 19th century and established schools to spread Christianity and Western education. They opened schools along the coast but faced resistance from the established Islamic culture. As colonial rule expanded inland in the late 19th century, more missionary schools were established across the country. These schools primarily taught religious and basic academic subjects, with an emphasis on converting Africans and preparing some for low-level jobs. African acceptance of missionary education was initially indifferent or hostile due to concerns that it undermined their culture. However, as some Africans gained employment and status through education, more began embracing schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    63 views20 pages

    Fe 211 Lecture Two-1

    Uploaded by

    Canny Chal
    Christian missionaries arrived in Kenya in the 19th century and established schools to spread Christianity and Western education. They opened schools along the coast but faced resistance from the established Islamic culture. As colonial rule expanded inland in the late 19th century, more missionary schools were established across the country. These schools primarily taught religious and basic academic subjects, with an emphasis on converting Africans and preparing some for low-level jobs. African acceptance of missionary education was initially indifferent or hostile due to concerns that it undermined their culture. However, as some Africans gained employment and status through education, more began embracing schools.

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    of 20

    Kenya

    The base or rather roots of Western education in Kenya


    had also been contributed to the roles of the Christian
    missionaries.
    The Christian missionaries arrived in Kenya from two
    directions.
    CME in Kenya cont………..
     The first congregation came through
    Mombasa and who were eventually
    responsible for the establishment of education
    along the coastal and central regions of Kenya.
     Another congregation came from Uganda and
    occupied the present Nyanza and Western
    provinces of Kenya.
    CME in Kenya cont…….
     Although the Portuguese had introduced
    Christianity to the East African coast in the 16th
    century,
     it was not until Ludwig Krapf and John Rebman
    came to the region of Mombasa that western
    education began in Kenya.
     through their mission within the Church Missionary
    Society (CMS), they opened mission schools at
    Mombasa and Rabai mpya in the 1940s.
    CME in Kenya cont……….
     except for the freed slaves stationed at Freetown,
    Christian education was not enthusiastically
    received by the coastal people.
     There were two reasons specifically responsible
    for that cold reception.
    • Africans were not all that prepared to forgo their
    own culture in favour of the foreign culture.
    • Islamic civilization had been deeply rooted along
    the coast for more than 800 years..
    CME in Kenya cont……….
     As that fundamental, there were a number of
    Arabs who opposed the establishment of
    Christianity as the competitor of Islam.
     Through their Quranic schools, which by that
    time had been established along the coast,
    many Africans had also been converted to Islam.
     Consequently, Christianity did not spread
    substantially in the Mombasa region. Even today
    it is not the predominant religion in the area.
    CME in Kenya cont………
     it was not until the establishment of the colonial
    rule in 1895 and the building of the Uganda
    railway (1895-1901), the missionary education
    spread upcountry.
     Between 1895 and 1910, many mission stations
    were opened upcountry.
     The Church of Scotland Mission (CSM)
    evangelized from Mombasa to Kibwezi and then
    to Kikuyu where it founded a station in 1898.
    CME in Kenya cont……..
     From there, it spread to Tumutumu in Nyeri and
    Chogoria in Meru.
     The CMS, on the other hand, established stations
    at Kabete, Weithaga, Kahuhia, Mahiga and Embu
    between 1903 and 1910,
     while the United Methodist moved inland mainly
    to Meru.
     The African Inland Mission (AIM) established
    itself at Kangundo, Kijabe, Githumu and Kinyona.
    CME in Kenya cont……….
     The Catholic Holy Ghost Fathers also came in and landed
    at Kabaa, Kilungu, Nairobi and Kisabu by 1910.
     The Consolata Catholic Mission invaded Nyeri and Meru
    regions.
     It is pertinent to note that in the western region of
    Kenya, most of the missions there were the off shoots of
    the missions already established in Uganda.
     By 1910, the CMS had established stations at Maseno,
    Butere and Ngiya.
    CME in Kenya cont………
     The Catholic Mill Hill Mission (MHM) missionaries
    had stationed at Yala, Mumias, Mukumu,
    Nyabururu and Asumbi
     while the Seventh Day Adventists had settled at
    Gendia, Kamagambo and Nyanchwa.
     The Friends African Mission stationed its
    headquarteres at Kaimosi.
     Christian missions evangelized and got established
    in the highlands of Kenya and so did Islam.
    CME in Kenya cont……..
     But while Christian missionaries preached into the interior of the
    country to establish churches and schools as they invaded those
    areas,
     the carriers of Islam concentrated in the urban centers.
    Consequently, Quranic schools mushroomed in towns where even
    to this day one would find Mosques.
     It should be noted that Quranic schools never intended nor took
    their pupils high enough in the educational ladder. As that
    fundamental, it was difficult for Quranic schools to have a
    widespread impact in the country.
     This is why, perhaps, one might have not heard of or seen them
    growing in terms of number of classes, learners as well as teachers.
    CME in Kenya cont………
     This might also be one of the reasons why where
    Quranic schools predominated, for example, the
    coast and the North Eastern Provinces;
     the spread of modern education is still backward as
    compared to the other areas of Kenya.
     After the completion of the inception of all these
    mission stations, a number of missionary bodies
    began scrambling for territories and converts.
    CME in Kenya cont……….
     Their major tools were religion, education and
    propaganda. However, our main concern here
    is education.
     missionaries regarded Africans as pagan,
    uncivilized, backward and uncultured.
     Their education was therefore to remove
    these negative elements and convert Africans
    to Christianity and thus become civilized.
    CME in Kenya cont………
    More on CME Curr. content

     the 3Rs (Reading, Writing and Arithmetic)


    were also taught, but not to such level as to
    make the recipients literary giants.
     The objective was to enable the Africans to
    read the bible, to propagate the gospel and to
    win more African converts.
    CME in Kenya cont………
     Another component of missionary education
    was industrial or technical education.
     This ranked next in importance to religious
    education. It was intended to discipline
    Africans, remove laziness from them and make
    them hard workers.
     It should however, be noted that industrial
    education also remained elementary since no
    African artisan class was established.
    Government and African Responses to Early
    Missionary Education

     Although the colonial government was not much comfortable


    with the emphasis placed on religious education, however, in
    general terms it supported the education provided by
    missionaries.
     The government was particularly interested to the industrial
    education offered in mission schools. As that fundamental, the
    government institutionalized a grant- in- aid system from the
    middle of 1910s to help those mission schools which offered
    acceptable technical education.
     The missionaries were also nominated in government
    commissions which reviewed education from time to time. This
    was true in the 1909 and 1919 Education Commissions.
    CME in Kenya cont……..
     Regarding African response, one may say it was indifferent,
    hostile and apathetic since Africans greatly resented the
    establishment of missionary education.
     A number of reasons were responsible for this resentment.
     The first reason for this situation was that missionaries preached
    against African culture.
     Secondly, parents were reluctant to allow their children go to
    school in favour of family chores. This was particularly so because
    the usefulness of that western education was not immediate.
     Thirdly, manual work in mission schools overwhelmed classroom
    work.
    CME in Kenya cont………
     We should always recall that the Africans did not cherish being just handy men
     and for that very case they did not regard the missionary education as a right
    vehicle to make them stay aside with manual works.

     Another aspect worth mentioning regarding African resentments following


    Christian missionary education concerns their teachings. To be precise, the
    Africans were uncomfortable with some teachings that were in contrast to
    their culture.

     For example the Christian missionaries preached a strict puritanical code in


    which they opposed dancing, drinking, non-religious singing as well as any
    category of sexual freedom outside the confines of monogamous marriage.

     In the East African and African context at large, this was equated to great
    condemnation of the African fabrics.
    CME in Kenya cont……….
     The consolidation of mission education was however,
    assisted by the fact that chiefs and headmen sent
    their own sons to school, and forced those of their
    wards to go too,
     otherwise mission education would have delayed to
    take root in East Africa.
     Above all, since those who had received western
    education got employed and began enjoying the
    benefits of their education, majority of Africans
    came to embrace western education.
    CME in Kenya cont……….
     It should be noted that acquisition of western education
    was later on seen as an avenue to secure colonial
    administrative jobs and hence to new ways of getting
    rich.
     It was thus regarded as an opportunity to do away with
    manual works which were wrongly regarded as relevant
    to the uneducated people.
     Similarly, a more detailed exploration may reveal the
    strengths of Christian missionary teachings and
    evangelizations particularly in preaching against the evils
    of slave trade not only in East Africa but Africa at large.
    Thank you for Following

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