Counselling Slides

Introduction
Hadiqa Tabassum
Introduction
 The word ‘Pregnancy’ equates to the magic images of smiling, gurgling babies
and a "glowing pregnant woman".
 Undoubtedly, there is utter frustration felt by couples when there is a

pregnancy loss.
 Pregnancy loss is a condition where in there is termination of pregnancy with

adverse fetal or neonatal outcome.
 It leads to psychological and emotional upset to the couple and the close
associates of the family.
 The sudden occurrence of unexpected event results into varied nature and
severity of grief reaction.
Literature Review
• (Cote-Arsenaut, 2007) describe the studies of pregnancy following
miscarriage and other types of perinatal loss, for some women the
subsequent pregnancy is perceived as threatening and involves heightened
vulnerability, anxiety, and guarded emotions related to uncertainty about its
outcome.
• (Regan & Rai, 2000) describe Women’s experience of miscarriage is

obvious and distressing, both psychologically and physiologically. The
reported ratio of the number of clinically recognizable miscarriages to the
number of known pregnancies in general population studies varies between
12 and 15%.
Cont.…
• (Cramer & Wise, 2000) identified The cause of a miscarriage is

not usually known. Environmental causes are of different
significance and no consensus has been found, despite several
studies having been performed.
Objectives
• To explore the experience of women in their life transition.
• To identify the psychological issues which may arise during pregnancy and
after miscarriage.
• To suggest and explain counselling techniques which may have been effective
in pregnancy and after miscarriage.
Research Questions
• What are the psychological issues that women face during pregnancy and
miscarriage and counting techniques which have been effective?
Case Presentation of Time Line
• 2020 April; got pregnant everyday was like blessing I tried to become as
positive as I could but I used to get stressed over little things.
• I got over sensitive over everything. things were hard already because of new
wedding.
• I did not had enough time to adjust new family and Corona happened.
• I got stuck in home 24/7. I used to miss my mother nephew my home my room
everything but I was stuck in house.
• the pressure of studies become so hard to handle for me because I already had
so much in my mind and heart but I manage somehow for two months.
Cont…
• 2020, end of may: miscarriage. just before Eid I lost my baby and felt like nothing could happen worse than this
• it seems like I have lost the reason to live
• I try to find positivity from family and friends but nothing was working everything felt useless.
• I started to blame myself for this loss.
• I got so depressed that I did not even want to live anymore
• I was going through so much that I could not pay attention to studies anymore
• I need a break I talked to my husband and a teacher which helped a lot
• some relationships are the true blessings .my husband my family my friends and my teacher are without a doubt
are the two blessings in life
• I still have a kind of Emptiness in mind but now I have made peace with it
• my believe in Allah has become stronger especially in this face so I think I have gone through hardest of times but
I got spiritual connection like never before so I think everything happens for a reason in my case I see this positive
side.
Analysis with Theoretical
Framework
Manahil Javed
Theoretical Framework
• The perspective is taken from behavioural psychology.
• All the behaviours are required through conditioning.
• It states that person's behaviour depends on stress moods thoughts
and feelings he or she is having.
• Women have dramatic fluctuations in reproductive hormones.
• Epperson said that women critical windows of development
during which life experiences make some women more
vulnerable or Resilient to depression.
Contd
• Relationship from Womb to tomb.

• Women's hormones are changing throughout the course of pregnancy.
• Women get the feelings of anxiety and change in behaviour because of the pregnancy
Analysis
 Participant in the study went through many different situations

through the course of time
 She felt emotional stress anxiety mood swings about pregnancy
 Emotions vary from woman to woman
 first pregnancy is always special
 Miscarriage is the most difficult trauma to handle women mostly
don't know how to behave or act
 This loss is really stressful and women mostly went into anxiety
which leads to depression
 It is difficult to cope with this stress
Suggested Counselling Techniques
Syeda Noor-ul-Huda
Suggested Counselling Techniques
• Losing child is a traumatic experience.
• Women recognize symptoms of:
• depression, Sadness, Helplessness, Guilt, Eating and sleep disorders
Social isolation
Grieving
• It Is common and necessary part of healing .
• Time of this process may vary.
Communication
• is very important with your partner after miscarriage.
• Partners don't talk to each other as they feel guilty or some times
blame each others
• Less communication can increase the grieving and lonelier.
Interpersonal therapy
• Idea: Depression can be treated by improving the communication
patterns and how people relate to each others.
• Therapies include identification of emotion.
• It helps the person to identify emotion and where is it coming from.
• It will help the patient to find ways to cope with the emotional stress.
• It will help patient to improve interpersonal functioning and improve
social support and reduce stress.
Cognitive Behavioural
• involves practical approach to problem solving
• Short term goal oriented psychotherapy treatment
• its goal is to change patterns of Thinking or behaviour with are
creating difficulties for the people
• It helps to find new ways to behave
• It changes their short-term patterns of thinking
Conclusion
• We have taken a lifetime line of women to observe how
transition of life can affect women.
• We have taken perspective from the behavioural psychology.
Behaviours are acquired through conditioning.
• We have suggested some psychological techniques which have
been effective during this time.
1. Interpersonal therapy.
2. Cognitive behavioural therapy.
THANK YOU
Any Questions?

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Introduction

 Undoubtedly, there is utter frustration felt by couples when there is a

 Pregnancy loss is a condition where in there is termination of pregnancy with

• (Regan & Rai, 2000) describe Women’s experience of miscarriage is

• (Cramer & Wise, 2000) identified The cause of a miscarriage is

• it seems like I have lost the reason to live

• I started to blame myself for this loss.

• I got so depressed that I did not even want to live anymore

• I need a break I talked to my husband and a teacher which helped a lot

• Relationship from Womb to tomb.

 Participant in the study went through many different situations

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