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    Group IIIA: The Chemistry of Aluminum

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    Evgeni Genev
    The document discusses the properties and chemistry of aluminum. It notes that aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust and forms a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. Aluminum reacts with oxygen, acids, bases, and water, forming compounds like aluminum chloride and hydroxide. It is highly reactive but obtained from bauxite ores due to a protective oxide layer.

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    Group IIIA: The Chemistry of Aluminum

    Uploaded by

    Evgeni Genev
    53 views12 pages
    The document discusses the properties and chemistry of aluminum. It notes that aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust and forms a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. Aluminum reacts with oxygen, acids, bases, and water, forming compounds like aluminum chloride and hydroxide. It is highly reactive but obtained from bauxite ores due to a protective oxide layer.

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    Group IIIA (1)

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    The document discusses the properties and chemistry of aluminum. It notes that aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust and forms a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. Aluminum reacts with oxygen, acids, bases, and water, forming compounds like aluminum chloride and hydroxide. It is highly reactive but obtained from bauxite ores due to a protective oxide layer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views12 pages

    Group IIIA: The Chemistry of Aluminum

    Uploaded by

    Evgeni Genev
    The document discusses the properties and chemistry of aluminum. It notes that aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust and forms a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. Aluminum reacts with oxygen, acids, bases, and water, forming compounds like aluminum chloride and hydroxide. It is highly reactive but obtained from bauxite ores due to a protective oxide layer.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Group IIIA: The

    Chemistry of Aluminum
    1. The elements in Group IIIA

    B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl can be divided into three classes.


     Boron is the only element in this group that is not a metal. It behaves like a
    semimetal or even a nonmetal.

     Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is just
    slightly less reactive than the active metals.

     The other three elements in this group are active metals, but they are so
    scarce they are of limited interest. Gallium, indium, and thallium combined
    total less than 10-10% of the earth's crust.
    2.Aluminium ( Al), Z=13
     the metal reacts to form compounds in which it has an oxidation number of
    +3.
     the group IIIA elements have three electrons in their outer shell. They form chemical
    bonds with other elements by these three valence electrons.
    3. Physical Properties

    What are the Physical Properties of Aluminum?

    Color Silvery-white with a bluish tint

    Hardness The pure metal is soft, but it becomes strong and hard when alloyed

    Ductility It can be beaten into extremely thin sheets

    Malleability Capable of being shaped or bent

    Conductivity Good electrical and heat conductors

    Corrosion Resists corrosion by the formation of a self-protecting oxide coating


    5. Chemical Properties of Aluminum

    Element Al

    Occurrence Occurs only as a compound, principally in bauxite

    Oxidation In moist air, it combines slowly with oxygen to form aluminum oxide ( Al 2O3)

    Reactivity with acids Reacts with many hot acids

    Reactivity with water Reacts quickly with hot water

    Reactivity with alkalis It reacts with Alkalis such as Sodium hydroxide ( NaOH) and limewater

    A mixture of aluminum, oxygen and other elements produces Bauxite


    Compounds
    Bauxite is an aluminium ore and is the main source of aluminium

    When combined with elements such as copper, silicon, or magnesium it


    Alloys
    forms alloys of great strength
    Aluminum and Water Reaction

     Aluminum reacts explosively with water but does not react with cold water.

     Most of the aluminum salts dissolve well in water.

     A strong layer of aluminium oxide coats the metal which sometimes prevents
    the reaction with steam. Reaction with water-only if Al2O3 layer is removed:

    2Al+6HOH —> 2Al(OH)3+3H2

    Al hydroxide- 2Al(OH)3

    Aluminium + Steam —> Aluminium Hyoxide + Hydrogen


    Reaction with O2

     When aluminium powder is placed in a flame, it burns with a


    dazzling light.
     Interaction
    with oxygen:
    Al+3O22Al2O3+Q
     At normal temperature, aluminium reacts rapidly with
    oxygen in the air to form Al2O3. It forms a thin, hard,
    protective layer on the surface of the aluminium, which
    protects the rest of the metal from further oxidation.
    Reaction with metal oxides:

     Aluminium not only reacts with oxygen but it tend to displace metals from
    their oxides. This reaction is known as aluminothermy. The aluminothermy is
    the exothermic chemical process used to obtain metals with higher melting
    points from their oxides.

     Reaction with metal oxides:

    2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe+Q
    Aluminothermic process
    (Fe- Iron)
    Aluminum Chloride Reaction (AlCl3)

    Aluminum Chloride is a compound of aluminium (Al) and chlorine (Cl 2) that


    has a very high affinity for water.
     Pure samples are white, but sometimes it has a yellow colour.
     Aluminum and chlorine do not react rapidly at room temperature, but if
    the aluminum is heated, the reaction is vigorous. It fumes in moist air and
    hisses when mixed with liquid water. The product is aluminum chloride, a
    white powder that fumes in air, reacting with water to form HCl gas and
    aluminum oxide.
    2Al+ 6HCl —>AlCl3 + 3H2
    Interaction with acids and bases

     Reaction with acids-salts are formed


    2Al+6HCl2AlCl3+3H2
    2Al+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3 +3H2
    Concentrated H2SO4 passivates Al
     Reaction with bases- amphoteric,dual character
    2Al+2NaOH+2H2O2NaAlO2+3H2
    NaAlO2 - sodium metaaluminate
    Occurrence of Aluminium.

     Aluminium never occurs in the free state in nature, owing to its great affinity
    for Oxygen.
     In combined form, as oxides, silicates, and a few other salts, it is both
    abundant and widely distributed, being an essential constituent of all soils
    and of most rocks excepting limestone and sandstone. 
     8.1% in Earth's crust bound up in the form of compounds.
     One of the planet's most common but most difficult metal to get.
     Obtained from its ore bauxite
    Associated Uses of Aluminium

    Saucepans, cooking pans and pots


    Cutlery
    Soda cans
    Automobile parts
    Production of Boats and Ships
    Statues including Eros in Piccadilly Circus in London. The statue was the first in the
    world to be cast in aluminium and is set on a bronze fountain.
    Paint Tubes
    Components in Airplanes
    Abrasive as an oxide
    Aluminium recycling

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