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    Seminar #23 Paragraphing

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    Oyun-erdene Erdenebileg
    The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. Paragraph 1: The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, there were 20 English teachers and 15 French teachers. Paragraph 2: Over the next 10 years, the trends diverged significantly. The number of English teachers rose steadily to reach a peak of 30 teachers in 2010, while the number of French teachers fell dramatically to only 5 teachers by 2010. Paragraph 3: Since 2010, the trends have become more similar. The number of English

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    Seminar #23 Paragraphing

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    Oyun-erdene Erdenebileg
    159 views20 pages
    The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. Paragraph 1: The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, there were 20 English teachers and 15 French teachers. Paragraph 2: Over the next 10 years, the trends diverged significantly. The number of English teachers rose steadily to reach a peak of 30 teachers in 2010, while the number of French teachers fell dramatically to only 5 teachers by 2010. Paragraph 3: Since 2010, the trends have become more similar. The number of English

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    The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. Paragraph 1: The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, there were 20 English teachers and 15 French teachers. Paragraph 2: Over the next 10 years, the trends diverged significantly. The number of English teachers rose steadily to reach a peak of 30 teachers in 2010, while the number of French teachers fell dramatically to only 5 teachers by 2010. Paragraph 3: Since 2010, the trends have become more similar. The number of English

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    159 views20 pages

    Seminar #23 Paragraphing

    Uploaded by

    Oyun-erdene Erdenebileg
    The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. Paragraph 1: The graph shows the number of English and French language teachers employed at a school in London between 2000 and 2020. In 2000, there were 20 English teachers and 15 French teachers. Paragraph 2: Over the next 10 years, the trends diverged significantly. The number of English teachers rose steadily to reach a peak of 30 teachers in 2010, while the number of French teachers fell dramatically to only 5 teachers by 2010. Paragraph 3: Since 2010, the trends have become more similar. The number of English

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    of 20

    Advanced English-2

    Seminar 23 Writing task 1


    Writing task 1

    1) Work in pairs. Look at the graph below.


    1 What does the graph show?
    2 What is the main difference between the two
    lines on the graph?
    3 Are there any significant similarities or differences between
    the two language trends?
    4 What are the main features of each trend?
    5 How could you divide the information into paragraphs?
    Put these sentences in the correct order.
    1. The graph shows how many 13-year-old students studied French and Mandarin
    between 2000 and the present day in a school in England.
    2. The graph shows how many 13-year-old students studied French and Mandarin
    between 2000 and the present day in a school in England.
    3. On the other hand, the trend for French is the opposite.
    4. In 2000, the number of students who took French was 150, compared to just
    under 10 students who chose Mandarin.
    5. So there was a significant difference in numbers at this time.
    6. Over the Next five years, the figure fell considerably for French, but rose
    dramatically for Mandarin and reached a peak at 75 students.
    7. Since 2005, the trends have not changed as much.
    8. French gained some popularity in 2006, but has remained fairly stable since then
    at about 90 students.
    9. In contrast, the number of students taking Mandarin dipped in 2006 and then
    fluctuated, before it returned to 75.
    10. Overall, it can be seen that more students have been choosing to study
    Mandarin, but French is still the most popular language option.
    1. It shows how many 13-year-old students took French
    and Mandarin in a school in England between 2000
    and the present.
    2. They are opposites. Figures for French have gradually
    fallen. Figures for Mandarin have risen.
    3. Significant similarities: the 2010 figure; Significant
    differences: 2000 and the trend to 2005.
    4. French: the fall to 2005/ the rise to 2006 and the stable
    pattern to now.
    Mandarin: the rise to 2005/ the dip in 2006 and the
    fluctuation to now.
    Answer 5.
    Paragraph 1: Introduction
    Paragraph 2: Summary of main trends
    Paragraph 3: Summary of trends and differences/

    similarities
    Paragraph 4: Overview of graph
    Paragraph 1: Introduction

    a. To give introduction what the graph shows including information


    - Title of the figure
    - Information of horizontal and vertical axis
    - Place
    - Time or period

    b. Verbs: to show, to reveal, to present, to express, to


    demonstrate
    c. Verb tense:

    Present simple (in our case);


    Past simple tense (if the figure is in the past)
    Paragraph-2: Summary of main trends
    • Mention the most interesting things from each line.

    a. Topic sentence which expresses opposite trends (sentences 2 &3)


    - Linking phrases: According to the data, On the other hand,
    - Verb tense: Present Perfect, Present Simple, Past Simple
    b. Detailed information
    sentence 4: Comparison (beginning of the period)
    sentence 5: Result
    sentence 6: Main differences
    Paragraph 3: Summary of trends and differences/
    similarities

    a. Topic sentence which expresses similarities and differences of trends


    in the period of time ( sentence 7 ).
    - Time expressions: Since 2005, In the last 5years … etc
    - Linking phrases: In contrast,…
    - Verb tense: Present Perfect, Past simple
    b. Detailed information of changes
    - Vocabularies for describing trends:
    Verbs: to gain, to remain stable, to dip, to fluctuate,
    to return
    Adverbs: fairly, dramatically, rapidly … etc
    Adjectives: drramatic, rapid … etc
    ‐ Sentence 8: Line of French learners
    ‐ Sentence 9: Line of Mandarin learners
    Paragraph 4: Overview

    1. Linking phrases: In overview, Overall …. etc


    2. Verb tense: Future Tense
    3. Expressions for trends:
    - It can be seen that …
    - It would be ….
    3) Work in pairs. Look at the text in Exercise 2 again and find verb
    phrases which mean the following.
    1 went down (two phrases)
    2 hit a high point
    3 has stayed the same
    4 went up a lot
    5 went up and down
    4) Work in pairs. Look at this table and discuss what it shows. Which
    column:
    I increases significantly?
    2 fluctuates?
    3 peaks then falls slightly?
    3) Suggested answers
    1 fell; dipped
    2 reached a peak
    3 has remained fairly stable
    4 rose dramatically
    5 fluctuated
    4) The table provides some background information on the
    staff working in a global hotel chain. The information goes
    back to 1975 and covers languages spoken and
    qualifications, as well as previous work experience.
    1. the percentage of staff who speak two or more languages
    2. the percentage of staff with previous work experience
    3. the percentage of staff who have a language qualification
    5) Complete the gaps in this summary with the correct percentages.
    The table provides some background information on the staff working in a
    global hotel chain. The information goes back to 1975 and covers languages
    spoken and qualifications, as well as previous work experience.
    Between 1975 and 2000, there was a significant rise in the percentage of
    employees 5who held a qualification in a foreign language,
    10 percent
    from 1 ..............
    percent to 2 .................. After this, there was a slight fall of a
    3..................
    2 percent over the next ten years.
    ‘4 …............
    10 percent of staff were able to speak at least two languages in 1975. At first,
    this figure rose by 13 percent to 5 ……….... 23 percentin 1990. However, from 1990 to
    2010. it rocketed
    To 6 ...............finally,
    79 percent the percentage of staff with experience in the hotel
    industry fluctuated between 1975 and 2010. In 1955, there was a peak at
    7 78
    .................
    percent ,and this was followed by a sudden fall to 855................
    percent five years
    later. figures then went up and down over the next 15 years.
    6) Underline the expressions that describe trends in the summary in
    Exercise 5.
    7) Write an overview of the information in the summary in one or two
    sentences.
    • page 102 Prepositions
    8) Using the rules in the Language reference, complete these
    sentences with the correct prepositions.
    I Car sales rose by five percent ........... August.
    2 The chart shows
    Between
    the number of people finding jobs
    ........ …..2003 and 2007. By

    3 The number of new employees fell .................


    12 percent last year. Of
    4 Yesterday, there was a fall ............... ten degrees in city
    temperatures. in

    5 There will be an increase ........….taxi fares next month.


    To
    6 Customer complaints have gone down……… below 100.
    7 The percentage of people needing medical treatment
    peaked ............. 35 in 2009. At
    9) Find and correct the mistakes made by IELTS students
    in these sentences.
    I The oldest underground railway Was built in London on
    1863. (in)
    2 In general, all the figures gradually increased over 1911 to
    2001.
    Suggested answer
    3 There is no evidence that a rise of petrol prices leads to less 2 over = from
    traffic. 3 of= in
    4 to = at
    4 The number of people peaked to 5,523 in 2001. 5 on = by
    5 Spending on teachers' salaries fell on 5%. 6 until= to
    7 During the period
    6 The temperature decreased until a low of three degrees in of= Between 1986
    December. and 1999
    7 During the period of 1986 and 1999 there was a gradual 8 by =of
    increase.
    8 The profits experienced an increase by $2m.
    10) Work in pairs. Look at the Writing task below and decide:
    • what the graph shows
    • how you will organize your report - what each paragraph will
    contain
    • what your overview will include.
    11) Work alone and write your summary. You should write at least
    ISO words.
    English language teacher

    French language teacher


    Exam advice Describing trends
    When you have to describe trends:
    • look at the similarities and differences.
    • use appropriate language to describe them.

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