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    Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) : Prepared By: Gary Jaimes Bu Stamante

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    lyka resurreccion
    Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of cartilage in joints. It typically occurs in weight-bearing joints and is associated with factors like age, obesity, injury history, and genetics. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Diagnosis is usually based on x-ray findings showing cartilage loss. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through exercises, weight loss, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids. For severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be considered. Lifestyle changes and medication are aimed at slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.

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    Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) : Prepared By: Gary Jaimes Bu Stamante

    Uploaded by

    lyka resurreccion
    24 views28 pages
    Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of cartilage in joints. It typically occurs in weight-bearing joints and is associated with factors like age, obesity, injury history, and genetics. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Diagnosis is usually based on x-ray findings showing cartilage loss. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through exercises, weight loss, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids. For severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be considered. Lifestyle changes and medication are aimed at slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.

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    osteoarthritis

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    Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of cartilage in joints. It typically occurs in weight-bearing joints and is associated with factors like age, obesity, injury history, and genetics. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Diagnosis is usually based on x-ray findings showing cartilage loss. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through exercises, weight loss, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids. For severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be considered. Lifestyle changes and medication are aimed at slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views28 pages

    Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) : Prepared By: Gary Jaimes Bu Stamante

    Uploaded by

    lyka resurreccion
    Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of cartilage in joints. It typically occurs in weight-bearing joints and is associated with factors like age, obesity, injury history, and genetics. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Diagnosis is usually based on x-ray findings showing cartilage loss. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation through exercises, weight loss, physical therapy, braces, and medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids. For severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be considered. Lifestyle changes and medication are aimed at slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    OSTEOA RT H R I T I S

    (DEGENERA TI V E J OI NT
    DISEASE)
    Y JAIME S B UST AMANT E
    PREPARED BY: GAR
    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    GENERAL:
    TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS OSTEOARTHRITIS AND ITS DISEASE PROCESS
    SPECIFIC:

    • TO DEFINE OSTEOARTHRITIS
    • TO IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
    • TO UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    • TO IDENTIFY THE RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    • TO IDENTIFY THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
    DEFINITION

    •OSTEOARTHRITIS IS A NON INFLAMMATORY DEGENERATIVE


    DISORDER OF THE JOINTS. IT IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF JOINT
    DISEASE AND IS ROUTINELY REFERRED TO AS DEGENERATIVE JOINT
    DISEASE. OA IS CLASSIFIED AS EITHER PRIMARY (IDIOPATHIC),
    SECONDARY
    PRIMARY VS SECONDARY
    PRIMARY SECONDARY

    •“WEAR AND TEAR” •RESULTING FROM A PREVIOUS JOINT


    INJURY OR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
    •MORE COMMON (OBESITY, INACTIVITY, GENETICS)
    •NO PRIOR EVENT OR DISEASE •STARTS AT EARLIER AGE (45-50)
    RELATED TO OA
    OSTEOARTHRITIS

    •ANOTHER DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC OF OA IS THAT IT IS


    LIMITED TO THE AFFECTED JOINT ONLY; THERE ARE NO SYSTEMIC
    SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH IT.
    WHEN DOES OA BEGINS?

    •OA OFTEN BEGINS IN THE THIRD DECADE OF LIFE AND PEAKS BETWEEN
    5TH AND 6TH DECADES. BY 40 YEARS OF AGE 90% OF THE POPULATION
    HAS DEGENERATIVE JOINT CHANGES IN THEIR WEIGHT BEARING
    JOINTS, EVEN THOUGH CLINICAL SYMPTOMS ARE USUALLY ABSENT.
    WHEN DOES OA BEGINS?
    •WOMEN, ESPECIALLY HISPANIC OR AFRICAN AMERICAN ARE MORE COMMONLY
    AFFECTED. THE INCIDENCE OF OA INCREASES WITH AGE. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT
    OVER 85% OF THE GENERAL POPULATION OVER 65 YEARS OF AGE HAS
    RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES INDICATING OA. ALTHOUGH OA USUALLY THOUGHT OF
    AS A DISEASE OF AGING, IT ALSO AFFECTS YOUNGER AGE AND RESULTS IN
    SIGNIFICANT LOSSES IN WORK RELATED PRODUCTIVITY AND HIGHER COST.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    MECHANICAL INJURY
    CHONDROCYTE RESPONSES PREVIOUS JOINT DAMAGE
    RELEASE OF CYTOKINES
    STIMULATION, PRODUCTION, RELEASE OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES,
    METALLOPROTEASES, COLLAGENASE
    RESULTING DAMAGE PREDISPOSES TO FURTHER DAMAGE
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    •ALL JOINTS CONSIST OF BONE, PARTICULARLY SUBCHONDRAL BONE OR THE BONY
    PLATE TO WHICH THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IS ATTACHED. THE ARTICULAR
    CARTILAGE IS LUBRICATED, SMOOTH TISSUE THAT PROTECTS THE BONE FROM
    DAMAGE WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BETWEEN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF THE
    BONES FORMING THE JOINT IS A SPACE THAT ALLOWS FOR MOVEMENT. TO AID IN
    FLUIDITY EACH JOINT CONTAINS SYNOVIAL FLUIDS TO HELP LUBRICATE AND
    PROTECT JOINT’S MOVEMENT.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    •SUBCHONDRAL BONE IS THE LAYER OF BONE JUST BELOW THE
    CARTILAGE IN A JOINT. THE -CHONDRAL REFERS TO CARTILAGE, WHILE
    THE PREFIX SUB MEANS BELOW. SUBCHONDRAL BONE IS A SHOCK
    ABSORBER IN WEIGHT-BEARING JOINTS
    RISK FACTORS
    •ADVANCED AGE
    •FEMALE
    •OBESITY
    •LABORIOUS TASKS (JOBS)
    •SPORT ACTIVITIES
    •HISTORY OF PREVIOUS INJURIES
    •MUSCLE WEAKNESS
    •GENETIC
    RISK FACTORS
    •THE MOST PROMINENT MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR IS OBESITY.
    •IN FACT QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF LIFE ARE REDUCED WITH OA
    ESPECIALLY WHEN OA AND OBESITY ARE COMBINED
    •PROGRAM OF DIET AND EXERCISE MAY HELP MINIMIZE SYMPTOMS OF
    OA IN PATIENTS WHO ARE OBESE.
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    •PAIN •THE PAIN IS USUALLY AGGRAVATED
    •STIFFNESS MOVEMENT OR EXERCISE AND
    •FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT RELIEVED BY REST
    •CREPITUS
    •MILD JOINT EFFUSION •IF MORNING STIFFNESS IS
    PRESENT, IT USUALLY BRIEF
    •ENLARGED JOINT WITH LESS RANGE OF
    MOTION LASTING LESS THAN 30MINS
    ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
    •X-RAY- SHOWS NARROWING OF JOINT SPACE, OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION, DENSE, THICKENED SUBCHONDRAL
    BONE.
    •MRI- ISN’T COMMONLY NEEDED IN DIAGNOSING OA BUT HELP PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION IN COMPLEX
    CASES.
    •JOINT FLUID ANALYSIS- NEEDLE IS USED TO DRAW FLUID OUT OF THE AFFECTED JOINT EXAMINING AND TESTING
    THE FLUID DETERMINES INFLAMMATION AND IF YOUR PAIN IS CAUSED BY GOUT OR BY AN INFECTION.
    •BLOOD TESTS AND EXAMINATION OF JOINT FLUID ARE NOT USEFUL IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OA BUT ARE
    OCCASIONALLY INDICATED TO RULE OUT AUTOIMMUNE CAUSE OF JOINT PAIN.
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
    GOALS OF CARE:
    1. DECREASE PAIN AND STIFFNESS
    2. IMPROVE JOINT MOBILITY
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
    •EXERCISE IN THE FORM OF CARDIOVASCULAR AEROBIC EXERCISE.
    •LOWER EXTREMETY STRENGTH TRAINING HAS BEEN FOUND TO PREVENT OA
    PROGRESSION AND DECREASES SYMPTOMS
    •WEIGHT LOSS TO DECREASE EXCESS LOAD ON THE JOINT
    •OCCUPATIONAL AND PHYSICAL THERAPY HELPS THE PATIENT ADOPT SELF
    MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
    •USE OF WEDGED INSOLES, KNEE BRACES AND OTHER MODALITIES ARE
    BEING EVALUATED
    •USE OF ORTHOTIC DEVICES (SPLINTS, BRACES) AND WALKING AIDS
    CAN IMPROVE PAIN AND FUNCTION BY DECREASING FORCE ON THE
    AFFECTED JOINT
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
    •PATIENTS OFTEN USE COMPLEMENTARY, ALTERNATIVE AND INTEGRATIVE HEALTH
    THERAPIES. SUCH AS MASSAGE, YOGA, PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, TENS, AND
    MUSIC THERAPY
    •OTHER SPECIAL DIETS, ACUPUNCTURE AND ACUPRESSURE, WEARING COPPER BRACELETS
    OR MAGNETS OR TAI CHI.
    •RESEARCH IS UNDERWAY TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANY OF THESE
    TREATMENTS.
    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT OF OA IS DIRECTED TOWARD
    SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT AND PAIN CONTROL. SELECTION OF
    MEDICATION IS BASED ON THE CLIENT’S NEEDS, STAGE OF THE DISEASE
    AND THE RISK OF THE SIDE EFFECTS.
    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    •ACETAMINOPHEN- IS THE INITIAL ANALGESIC THERAPY
    •SOME RESPONDS TO NON SELECTIVE NSAID’S
    •PATIENTS WHO ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR GI COMPLICATIONS
    ESPECIALLY GI BLEEDING IS MANAGED EFFECTIVELY WITH COX-2
    ENZYME BLOCKERS
    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    NOTE!!!!
    COX-2 ENZYME BLOCKERS MUST BE USED WITH CAUTION BECAUSE OF
    THE ASSOCIATED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    OTHER MEDICATIONS THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED:
    •OPIOIDS AND INTRA-ARTICULAR CORTICOSTEROID
    •TOPICAL ANALGESICS
    -CAPSAICIN (CAPSIN,ZOSTRIX)
    -METHYLSALICYLATE
    -DICLOFENAC SODIUM GEL (VOLTAREN GEL)
    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    OTHER THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES:

    • GLUCOSAMINE
    • CHONDROITIN (SHARK AND COWS)
    -ALTHOUGH IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THESE SUBSTANCES MODIFY CARTILAGE STRUCTURE, STUDIES
    HAVE NOT YET SHOWN THEM TO BE EFFECTIVE
    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION:
    - THE INJECTION OF GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCES (HYSLURONATES) INTO A JOINT (INTRA ARTICULAR)
    TO SUPPLEMENT THE VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF SYNOVIAL FLUID.

    - IT AIMS TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF CARTILAGE AND REPAIR


    CHONDRAL DEFECTS.
    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
    IN MODERATE TO SEVERE OA WHEN PAIN IS SEVERE OR BECAUSE OF LOSS OF FUNCTION THE PROCEDURES
    MOST COMMONLY USED ARE:

    • OSTEOTOMY
    • ARTHROPLASTY (REPLACEMENT OF JOINT COMPONENTS)
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    GOALS OF THE INTERVENTIONS:

    • PAIN MANAGEMENT
    • RESTORATION OF OPTIMAL FUNCTIONAL ABILITY
    • EDUCATION
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    • CLIENT EDUCATION REGARDING THE DISEASE PROCESS AND SYMPTOM PATTERN IS CRITICAL TO PLAN OF
    CARE BECAUSE OA PATIENTS ARE USUALLY OLDER

    • ENCOURAGE WEIGHT REDUCTION (FOR OBESE CLIENTS)


    • PROMOTE ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
    • GIVING ASSISTIVE DEVICES
    • GIVE ANALGESICS AS PRESCRIBED
    • REFER TO PT
    THANK YOUUUUUU!!!!

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