Solid Waste Management: Prepared By: Karla Charmagne B. Saliva, Ece, Ect

SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PREPARED BY:
KARLA CHARMAGNE B. SALIVA, ECE, ECT
WHAT IS WASTE?
o Waste (also known as rubbish,
trash, refuse, garbage, junk) is
any unwanted or useless
materials.
o Any materials unused and
rejected as worthless or
unwanted and “A useless or
profile less activity using or
TYPES OF WASTE
o Solid waste
o Liquid waste
o Gaseous waste
o Animal by product(ABPs)
o Biodegradable waste
o Chemical waste
o Commercial waste/ Business
waste
o Biomedical waste
SOLID WASTE
It is defined as“ non liquid, non-soluble materials
ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that
contain complex & sometimes hazardous substances”
Solid waste also includes
o Garbage
o Rubbish
o Demolition products
o Sewage treatment residue
o Dead animals
o Manure and other discarded material.
SOURCES
Agriculture
Fisheries
Household
Commerce and
industry
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
Broadly there are 3 types of solid waste which
as follows:
o Household waste as municipal waste
o Industrial waste as hazardous waste
o Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious
waste
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
o Municipal solid waste consist of the
following:
• household waste
• construction and demolition debris
• sanitation residue
• waste from streets
o With rising urbanization and change in life style and
food habits, the amount of municipal solid waste
HAZARDOUS WASTE
o Industrial and hospital waste is considered hazardous
as they may contain toxic substances.
o Hazardous waste could be highly toxic to humans,
animals and plants. They are corrosive and highly
inflammable or explosive.
o In the industrial sector the major generators of
hazardous waste are the metal’ chemical’ paper,
pesticide, dye and rubber goods industries.
o Direct exposure to chemicals in hazardous waste such as
HOSPITAL OR BIOMEDICAL
o Bio-medical waste means “Any waste which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biological”
-Bio-medical waste rules ,1998
o It may includes wastes like sharp waste,
pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste,
EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE
HEALTH HAZARD
o If solid waste are not collected and allowed to
accumulate , they may create unsanitary conditions.
o This may lead to epidemic outbreaks .
o Many diseases like cholera. Diarrhea, dysentery,
plague, jaundice, or gastro- intestinal diseases may
spread and cause loss of human lives.
EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE
o In addition improper handling of the solid wastes ,a
health hazard for the workers who come in direct
contact with the waste.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
o If the solid wastes are not treated properly
decomposition and putrefaction( decay) may take
place .
o The organic solid waste during decomposition may
WHAT IS 3Rs?
The 3Rs (Reduce,

Reuse, Recycle) to be
followed for waste
management.
REDUCE
o Disposable goods: paper plate, paper bowl,
Styrofoam cup, plastic spoon, roll of paper towels,
paper napkin; Durable goods: ceramic/plastic plate,
metal spoon, glass/plastic drinking cup, dish towel,
cloth napkin)
o Recovery of one ton paper can save 17 trees.
REUSE
o Instead of buying new containers from the market,
use the ones that are in the house.
o Don’t through away the soft drink can or bottle
cover them with home made paper or paint on them
and use them as pencil stands or small vases.
RECYCLE
Use shopping bags made of cloth or jute which can be
used over and over.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste management is the
o storage
o collection
o transport and handling
o recycling
o disposal and monitoring of waste
materials.
STORAGE
- Galvanized steel dust bin
- Paper sack
- Public bins
COLLECTION
- House-to-house collection
- Collection from the public
bins
WASTE HANDLING AND TRANSPORT
o Waste handling and separation involves activities
associated with waste management until the waste is
placed in storage containers for collection. Handling
also encompasses the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection.
o Waste is transferred from a smaller collection
vehicle to larger transport equipment
RECYCLING
o Recycling refers to the collection and refuse of waste
materials such as empty beverage container.
o The materials from which the items are made can be
processed into new products.
o Materials for recycling may be collected separately
from general waste using dedicated bins.
DUMPING
o Low lying areas.
o Mainly for dry refuses
o Unsanitary method
o Exposed to flies and rodents
o Nuisance
o Dispersed by wind
o pollution of surface water
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
AND MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE OPEN BURNING
Solid waste open burning is not the perfect method in the present
scenario.
SEA DUMPING PROCESS

This sea dumping process can be carried out only in coastal cities.
This is very costly procedure and not environment friendly.
SOLID WASTES SANITARY LANDFILLS

Solid wastes sanitary landfills process is simple, clean and effective.
In this procedure, layers are compressed with some mechanical
equipment and covered with earth, leveled, and compacted. A deep
trench of 3 to 5 m is excavated and micro-organisms act on the
INCINERATION METHOD
Incineration method is suitable for combustible refuse. High operation costs
and construction are involved in this procedure. This method would be
suited in crowded cities where sites for land filling are not available. It can
be used to reduce the volume of solid wastes for land filling.
COMPOSTING PROCESS
Composting process is similar to sanitary land-filling and it is popular in
developing countries. Decomposable organic matter is separated and
composted in this procedure. Yields are stable end products and good soil
conditioners. They can be used as a base for fertilizers.
Two methods have been used in this process:
Open Window Composting
DISPOSAL BY PLOUGHING INTO THE FIELDS
Disposal by ploughing into the fields are not commonly used. These
disposals are not environment friendly in general.
SALVAGING PROCEDURE
Materials such as metal, paper, glass, rags, certain types of plastic
and so on can be salvaged, recycled, and reused.
FERMENTATION/BIOLOGICAL DIGESTION
Biodegradable wastes are converted to compost and recycling can be
done whenever possible. Hazardous wastes can be disposed using
suitable methods.
QUESTIONS?
WHEN WE HEAL THE EARTH, WE
HEAL OURSELVES.
-DAVID ORR
THANK YOU!

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SOLID WASTE

The 3Rs (Reduce,

SEA DUMPING PROCESS

SOLID WASTES SANITARY LANDFILLS

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