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    Methods of Philosophizing

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    Albert Rosete
    This document discusses two main philosophical methods: the Socratic method and phenomenological method. The Socratic method uses questioning dialogue to discover truth, not convey it, by getting students to think critically rather than passively receive knowledge. It proceeds in three steps: proposing a definition, questioning it to find flaws, then improving the definition. Husserl's phenomenological method studies conscious experiences through "phenomenological reduction," suspending prejudices to reveal the pure meanings and essences of phenomena as they appear.

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    Methods of Philosophizing

    Uploaded by

    Albert Rosete
    222 views15 pages
    This document discusses two main philosophical methods: the Socratic method and phenomenological method. The Socratic method uses questioning dialogue to discover truth, not convey it, by getting students to think critically rather than passively receive knowledge. It proceeds in three steps: proposing a definition, questioning it to find flaws, then improving the definition. Husserl's phenomenological method studies conscious experiences through "phenomenological reduction," suspending prejudices to reveal the pure meanings and essences of phenomena as they appear.

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    Original Title

    METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING

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    This document discusses two main philosophical methods: the Socratic method and phenomenological method. The Socratic method uses questioning dialogue to discover truth, not convey it, by getting students to think critically rather than passively receive knowledge. It proceeds in three steps: proposing a definition, questioning it to find flaws, then improving the definition. Husserl's phenomenological method studies conscious experiences through "phenomenological reduction," suspending prejudices to reveal the pure meanings and essences of phenomena as they appear.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    222 views15 pages

    Methods of Philosophizing

    Uploaded by

    Albert Rosete
    This document discusses two main philosophical methods: the Socratic method and phenomenological method. The Socratic method uses questioning dialogue to discover truth, not convey it, by getting students to think critically rather than passively receive knowledge. It proceeds in three steps: proposing a definition, questioning it to find flaws, then improving the definition. Husserl's phenomenological method studies conscious experiences through "phenomenological reduction," suspending prejudices to reveal the pure meanings and essences of phenomena as they appear.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Methods of

    Philosophizing
    Introduction
    • This topic explicates four main methods of
    philosophy, namely, the Socratic and
    Phenomenological
    • In this topic you’re going to learn about
    commonly held philosophical methods with
    their main proponents and fundamental
    claims.
    Socratic Method
    • The didactic dialogue of questioning that is expressed
    in the critical examination and cross- examination of
    the positions of every participant in the dialogue.
    • This method is simply a way to discover the truth.
    • Thus, Socratic method intends not to convey new truth
    but helps as a guide in arriving at the truth.
    • Maieutic or Intellectual Midwifery
    • Students are not viewed as a passive learner
    but as an active agents in the acquisition of
    knowledge.
    • They think for themselves.
    • The teacher only facilitates the discussion.
    How to do Socratic Method

    “Knowing oneself is the first


    step to know the truth” –
    Socrates

    “The unexamined life is not


    worth living for a man” - Plato
    Way to wisdom
    Admit that you don’t know anything.

    “Knowledge begins the moment one admits


    his/her ignorance”- Socrates

    “Know thyself”
    Socratic Method: 3 Steps in arriving at the
    truth
    1.Give an initial definition of a thing
    or a concept.
    2.Look for characteristics that are not
    captured in the initial definition.
    3.Give a new definition.
    1. Freedom is the ability of the human person to do
    whatever she/he wants to do.
    2. Am I really free to kill my enemy simply because I
    hate him?
    3. Freedom is the ability of the human person to do
    whatever she/he wants to do, provided that it does
    not break any established rules to be followed in a
    civilized society.
    Socratic Method/ Socratic dialectic
    enables us to move from the state of
    “not knowing” to that of “knowing”
    HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY/
    PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD
    • Was initially a form of critique on the Cartesian
    Methodic Doubt I EXIST AND THE I THAT
    EXISTS IS ESSENTIALLY A
    THINKING I -COGITO

    “COGITO ERGO SUM”- I


    THINK; THEREFORE, I AM

    Rene Descartes- Father of Modern


    Philosophy
    “The thinking I is always
    conscious of this world.“
    What is Phenomenology
    • Phainomenon- appearance
    • Logos- reason or study

    • Study of Phenomenon
    • Phenomenon- anything that exists of which
    the mind is conscious.
    Substance of Phenomenology
    • Study of our conscious experiences.
    • Deals with the determination of nature and
    structure of human conscious experience.
    • You learn thru experience.
    The Phenomenological Reduction
    • Epoche- allowing truthfulness of human
    experience to reveal itself.
    • The process of suspending our prejudices to our
    natural encounter with the world to reveal the
    meanings in their purest sense.
    • “What exist in our minds is not the actual book,
    but a reduced form by it. “
    • A thing exists but not as an actual thing, but as an

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