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    America 1877 1929

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    America experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth between 1877-1929. Large numbers of immigrants and settlers displaced native populations and disrupted ecosystems as they filled up the western half of the continent. The federal government began regulating land use to prevent monopolies while allowing development. Industrialization led to large businesses dominating the economy. This period saw conflicts between business interests, workers organizing into unions, and farmers forming alliances to gain political power.

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    America 1877 1929

    Uploaded by

    jan
    6 views29 pages
    America experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth between 1877-1929. Large numbers of immigrants and settlers displaced native populations and disrupted ecosystems as they filled up the western half of the continent. The federal government began regulating land use to prevent monopolies while allowing development. Industrialization led to large businesses dominating the economy. This period saw conflicts between business interests, workers organizing into unions, and farmers forming alliances to gain political power.

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    America-1877-1929

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    America experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth between 1877-1929. Large numbers of immigrants and settlers displaced native populations and disrupted ecosystems as they filled up the western half of the continent. The federal government began regulating land use to prevent monopolies while allowing development. Industrialization led to large businesses dominating the economy. This period saw conflicts between business interests, workers organizing into unions, and farmers forming alliances to gain political power.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views29 pages

    America 1877 1929

    Uploaded by

    jan
    America experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth between 1877-1929. Large numbers of immigrants and settlers displaced native populations and disrupted ecosystems as they filled up the western half of the continent. The federal government began regulating land use to prevent monopolies while allowing development. Industrialization led to large businesses dominating the economy. This period saw conflicts between business interests, workers organizing into unions, and farmers forming alliances to gain political power.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    America 1877-1929

    1850-1900 “Filling In”


     Half a continent- Northern Europeans displace Native
    Americans
     Hispanics move north to California, Rio Grande Valley
    (us), Southern Texas
     Russians settle Alaska to No. California
     Upset ecological balance of plains and mountains
     Brought economic development: towns, farms, mines
    and ranches
    Land Policy and Public Needs

     Well into 20th C. Americans believed the family


    farm was best place to live
     Laws favored small farms over large ranches
     Westerners needed forage and timber for homes
    and livestock
     How to prevent land monopoly and allow
    ranchers and lumber companies to satisfy
    demand?
    Land Policy and Public Needs #2

     As private individuals used land-abused land


     Federal government at turn of century started to
    regulate use
     Regulation leads to tradeoffs: development of timber
    management yields lumber but impacts wildlife and
    forestation; irrigation provides water but impacts
    lakes and streams
     A clash between two goods, not good versus evil
    LESSON 1
    WEST AND SOUTH 1865-1900
    Railroads, Water policy, Native
    peoples, Plains Indians subdued,
    Hispanics, Mining frontiers,
    Cattlemen’s frontiers, The South,
    Industrialism 1865-1900
     U.S. grew economically and spatially
     Euro-Americans filled up continent; 11 new
    states; railroad network spanned the
    continent; “Golden Door” to immigrants
     In one lifetime, U.S. changed from an
    underdeveloped country into one of the
    world’s most influential industrial powers
    The Growth of American
    Business and Industry
     As growth occurred, environment was
    impacted; overgrazing in West; unsanitary
    water supplies; unhealthy living conditions
    led to disease and death
     Acids from mine tailings polluted
    groundwater supplies
    Growth of American Business #2

     1865-1917; U.S. experienced tremendous


    growth in industry, economy and population
     Industries such as steel, oil, food processing
     Allowed industrialists and business
    entrepreneurs to lead U.S. to forefront of
    world business by 1900- “THE GUILDED
    AGE”
    Growth of the U.S. Business #3

     Myth of “rags to riches” somewhat true but


    most born into wealth and better education
     Key figures such as Andrew Carnegie, John
    Rockefeller, Mellon, JP Morgan
     Role of entrepreneur cannot be overestimated
     “Creative destroyer”
    Growth of Business #4
     While beneficial to country as whole, some
    people hurt
     Some historians considered government’s role in
    the late 19th c. as “laissez-faire”; more
    governmental paternalism of business
     Gov’t used power to assist business
     Resources such as minerals, timber and
    waterpower very little cost
    Growth of Business #5
     Federal Gov’t shielded business from foreign
    competition with a tariff
     Very little corporate taxes
     Very little business regulation on predatory tactics
     Gov’t took side of business versus labor
     State level-low taxes plus subsidies
     Courts after mid-1880s reluctant to allow effective
    regulation of business
    Modernization of American
    Society
     Industrial expansion just one aspect of
    moderization
     Changes- economic growth, urbanization,
    secularization of society, growth of public
    participation in the political process and
    increasing individualism
     Similar changes in western Europe, Oceania, and
    western Asia
    Modernization of U.S. #2
     New wave of humanity moved into urban
    areas; promise of better times and wealth
     Urban dwellers-from rural and urban
    foreign countries
     Many from eastern and Southern Europe
    (Italy)- from autocratic governments; knew
    little of democracy
    Modernization of U.S. #3
     Immigrants not well received
     Urban problems arise- housing and services
     Industrialization produced discontent
     Impersonal management led to labor organizations-
    protect themselves, their incomes and their jobs
     Farmers also organized- farmers’ alliances and The
    Populists in early 1890s
    LESSON 2:
    INDUSTRIALIZATION
     The Great Surge; Economic Infrastructure
     Industy- steel, meatpacking, Money and
    Banking, Investment Bankers, Mergers,
    Retailing, A Business Civilization
     Labor 1865-1900; Labor Unions, Strikes,
    Women wage earners, Child Labor,
    Supreme Court
    LESSON 3: CITY AND FARM

     The American City


     Immigrants
     Immigration Restriction
     Crime
     City Political Machines
    LESSON 3: #2
     New Urban Architecture
     Agriculture
     Agrarian Discontent
     Farmers’ Alliance
     Populism
    Unions and “Gilded Age”
     Industrialization generated problems
     Organized labor unions to gain rights and
    improve working conditions
     Farmers fell on bad times in late 19th c. and
    turned to politics and cooperatives
     Organized political parties to oppose
    corruption in late 19th c. politics designated
    “The Gilded Age”
    Producer Ideology of
    Greenbackers and Populists
     Farmers perceived them as less well off as neighbors
    and friends that moved to cities
     Greenbackers- 1870s; money lenders cannot ask an
    interest rate higher than 3.65%; what their labor was
    worth in a year; 1/100 of 1% per day; 3.65% per year
     Populists agreed and wanted government to abolish
    the national banking system and issue currency
    directly
    Greenbackers and Populists #2
     Populists also wanted to expand currency and
    called for public ownership of utilities such as
    railroads
     Wanted control of political process by workers;
    direct election of senators; initiatives and
    referendums
     Agrarians classified people as producers or non-
    producers
    Greenbackers and Populists
     Employers were producers as long as they engaged
    in organizational activities
     Most emplolyers and industrial workers viewed
    society as divided into socioeconomic classes rather
    than producer and non
     Knight of Labor- embraced agrarian ideal endorsed
    Populist Party; Bryan in 1896
     AFL- refused to embrace agrarian; McKinley
    Rethinking the Past Through
    Contemporary Categories
     Republican Party favored: Subsidies to business,
    nationalism, African American rights
     Democrat Party: Tariffs for revenues; localism or
    states’ rights; civil rights realm of states
     For the Progressives- social engineering, political
    reform; civic housekeeping, opposition to
    monopolies and efficiency could facilitate
    improvement in society
    LESSON 4: CULTURE AND
    POLITICAL THOUGHT

     Education- Public schools, assimilation, college

     Sports- bicycling, baseball, boxing and football

     Amusements- music, vaudeville, motion pictures

     Radical thought-socialism, anarchism

     Mainstream Parties
    LESSON 4 #2
     Politics after 1892
     Bryan Campaign of 1896
     A New Spirit
     Intellectuals
    The Progressives
     Pragmatists: William James, John Dewey,
    Oliver Wendell Holmes, Frederick Winslow
    Taylor
     Common features of everyday life- fashion
    generalizations that matched perceptions of the
    way people really lived
     Religion, family life, and social and economic
    events
    LESSON 5: PROGRESSIVISM
    1900-1918

     State Progressivism- LaFollette


     Teddy Roosevelt- The Roosevelt leadership
     Howard Taft- New reforms
     The election of 1912
    LESSON 5 #2
     Woodrow Wilson
     Tariff, Taxation, Banking
     Farm Legislation
     Antitrust Legislation
     Social Legislation
     The Progressive Record
    LESSON 6: THE PROGRESSIVE
    SPIRIT 1900-=1917

     Economic Growth
     Corporations and Capital
     Making Things
     Consumer Goods
     Getting Around
    LESSON 6 #2
     A New Middle Class
     Urban Progressivism
     The Muckrakers 1902-1912
     Workers
     The New Black Militancy
     An Ethnic Mosaic
     The Artistic Perception

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