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    Congestive Heart Failure

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    preet kaur
    Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, or other heart conditions. There are two main types - systolic, where the ventricles cannot contract properly, and diastolic, where the ventricles cannot relax adequately. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing fluid overload, supporting heart function, and potentially invasive procedures like devices or transplantation.

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    Congestive Heart Failure

    Uploaded by

    preet kaur
    32 views13 pages
    Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, or other heart conditions. There are two main types - systolic, where the ventricles cannot contract properly, and diastolic, where the ventricles cannot relax adequately. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing fluid overload, supporting heart function, and potentially invasive procedures like devices or transplantation.

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    Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, or other heart conditions. There are two main types - systolic, where the ventricles cannot contract properly, and diastolic, where the ventricles cannot relax adequately. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing fluid overload, supporting heart function, and potentially invasive procedures like devices or transplantation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views13 pages

    Congestive Heart Failure

    Uploaded by

    preet kaur
    Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, or other heart conditions. There are two main types - systolic, where the ventricles cannot contract properly, and diastolic, where the ventricles cannot relax adequately. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing fluid overload, supporting heart function, and potentially invasive procedures like devices or transplantation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    CONGESTIVE HEART

    FAILURE
    By.P. Dhilip Kumar
    DEFINITION
    It is the abnormal clinical condition involving
    impaired cardiac pumping that results in
    pathophysiologic changes in the body
    CAUSES
     Coronary artery disease
     MI
     Hypertension
     Dysrhythmias
     Rheumatic heart disease
     Cardiomyopathy
     Congenital heart disease
     Corpulmonale (pulmonary heart disease)
     Valvular heart disorders
     Anemia
     Infective endocarditis
    pulmonary emboli
     Myocarditis
     Thyrotoxicosis causing altered metabolism of myocardial tissue
    CLASSIFICATION OF HEART
    FAILURE
     Systolic failure: It is the defect in which there
    is inability of the ventricles to pump causing
    increased ventricular filling and dilatation
     Diastolic failure: It is the impaired ability of
    the ventricles to relax due to stiff and
    noncompliant ventricles
     Mixed systolic & diastolic failure: It is seen in
    cases of cardiomyopathy that is characterized
    by poor systolic function that is compromised
    by ventricular hypertrophy and ventricles
    inability to relax
    CONTD…
     Left sided heart failure: this occurs due to
    left ventricular dysfunction which prevets
    normal flow of blood and causes blood to
    backflow in to the left atrium & pulmonary
    vasculature
     Right sided heart failure: due to increased
    backflow of blood in to the pulmonary
    arteries and right ventricle it leads right
    ventricular congestion & failure.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART
    FAILURE
    Due to any of the above causes

    Increased systemic vascular resistance

    Increased force of left ventricular contraction

    Increased left ventricle oxygen demand

    Left ventricular hypoxia

    Decreased left ventricular contraction

    Increased left ventricular preload (amount of blood in the chamber during diastole)
    Left ventricular failure

    Increased left atrial preload

    Pulmonary edema

    Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

    Right ventricular failure


    CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
    Right sided failure:
    -right ventricle heaves- visible pulsation on the chest wall
    -cardiac murmurs
     Jugular venous distension
     Edema
     Weight gain
     Increased heart rate
     Ascites
     Anasarca (whole body edema)
     Hepatomegaly
     Anxiety & depression
     Abdominal pain
     Anorexia & GI distension
     Nausea & vomiting
    CONTD…
    Left sided failure:
     Left ventricle heaves
    pulsus Alternans (alternate strong and weak pulse felt on
    palpation)
     Respiratory crackles due to pulmonary edema
     Abnormal heart murmurs
     Altered mental status like restlessness, confusion & anxiety
     Depression
     Dyspnea
     Shallow respirations
     Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
     Orthopnea
     Dry cough and frothy pink sputum
    DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
     History & physical exmn to assess the type of failure
     Cardiac enzymes like CPK (>200mg/dl) and

    CK-MB (>20mg/dl) are elevated


    ABG analysis to assess the oxygen saturation
    Sr. Electrolytes to assess electrolyte imbalance
    Chest X-ray to detect cardiomegaly and Rt. or Lt. axis
    deviation
    Echocardiogram to assess the valvular function
    ECG to assess for dysrrhythmias
    Sr. B-type natriuretic peptide (>100pg/ml) is elevated
    Nuclear imaging studies to monitor for hypertrophy
    Cardiac catheterisation to assess the chamber pressures.
    MANAGEMENT
     Treat the underlying cause like correction of MI using
    CABG surgery, Hypertension with antihypertensives,
    Cardiomyopathy with heart transplantation
     Loop diuretics like inj. Lasix to decrease fluid overload
     Fowler’s position to aid in breathing
     IV nitroprusside to treat hypertension and for
    vasodilation
     Morphine sulphate to treat chest pain
     Digoxin to increase ventricular contractility
     Cordarone to treat cardiac dysrrhyrhmias
     Nessiritde is an IV vasocative therapy to cause arterial
    and venous vasodilation
    CONTD…
     Oxygen therapy to assist in breathing
     Sympathomimetic agents like dopamine and
    dobutamine to increase myocardial
    contractility
     Defibrillation to revert severe dysrrhythmias
    INVASIVE THERAPIES
     Intra aortic Balloon Pump: it is a sausage
    shaped balloon that is inserted through femoral
    access and advanced into the aorta which is
    connected to a pneumatic helium device which
    inflates and deflates alternatively with heart’s
    pumping action which temporarily supports the
    heart by increasing ventricular contractility
     Ventricular assist devices: It is a temporary
    device which is connected with the right & left
    side of the heart used to temporarily support
    the heart by providing pumping action
    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
     Heart transplantation: this is the treatment
    of choice for patients with severe heart
    failure
    It is of 2 types
    - Orthotopic transplantation: In which the
    recipient heart is removed and the donor’s
    heart is transplanted
    - Heterotopic transplantation: In which the
    recipient heart is left in place and the
    donor’s heart is placed near anastomsing it
    with the right atrium

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