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    I/O Streams

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    John Berkmans
    Streams allow data to flow between sources and destinations in a program. There are two categories of I/O streams: character streams for text data and byte streams for binary data. Streams can also be data streams that act as sources or destinations, or processing streams that alter or manage data in the stream. The Java I/O package defines a hierarchy of classes for different stream types including input, output, byte arrays, files and filters. Programs use standard input/output streams to read from keyboard and write to screen while file streams read and write to files. Processing streams like BufferedReader add functionality like buffering reads.

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    I/O Streams

    Uploaded by

    John Berkmans
    74 views8 pages
    Streams allow data to flow between sources and destinations in a program. There are two categories of I/O streams: character streams for text data and byte streams for binary data. Streams can also be data streams that act as sources or destinations, or processing streams that alter or manage data in the stream. The Java I/O package defines a hierarchy of classes for different stream types including input, output, byte arrays, files and filters. Programs use standard input/output streams to read from keyboard and write to screen while file streams read and write to files. Processing streams like BufferedReader add functionality like buffering reads.

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    Streams allow data to flow between sources and destinations in a program. There are two categories of I/O streams: character streams for text data and byte streams for binary data. Streams can also be data streams that act as sources or destinations, or processing streams that alter or manage data in the stream. The Java I/O package defines a hierarchy of classes for different stream types including input, output, byte arrays, files and filters. Programs use standard input/output streams to read from keyboard and write to screen while file streams read and write to files. Processing streams like BufferedReader add functionality like buffering reads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    74 views8 pages

    I/O Streams

    Uploaded by

    John Berkmans
    Streams allow data to flow between sources and destinations in a program. There are two categories of I/O streams: character streams for text data and byte streams for binary data. Streams can also be data streams that act as sources or destinations, or processing streams that alter or manage data in the stream. The Java I/O package defines a hierarchy of classes for different stream types including input, output, byte arrays, files and filters. Programs use standard input/output streams to read from keyboard and write to screen while file streams read and write to files. Processing streams like BufferedReader add functionality like buffering reads.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    I/O Streams

    • A stream is a sequence of bytes that flows from a


    source to a destination

    • In a program, we read information from an input


    stream and write information to an output stream

    • A program can manage multiple streams at a time

    • The java.io package contains many classes that


    allow us to define various streams with specific
    characteristics
    I/O Stream Categories

    • The classes in the I/O package divide input and


    output streams into other categories

    • An I/O stream is either a


    – character stream, which deals with text data
    – byte stream, which deals with byte data

    • An I/O stream is also either a


    – data stream, which acts as either a source or destination
    – processing stream, which alters or manages information in
    the stream
    I/O class hierarchy
    o class java.lang.Object
    o class java.io.InputStream
    o class java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
    o class java.io.FileInputStream
    o class java.io.FilterInputStream
    o class java.io.OutputStream
    o class java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
    o class java.io.FileOutputStream
    o class java.io.FilterOutputStream
    o class java.io.Reader
    o class java.io.BufferedReader
    o…
    o class java.io.InputStreamReader
    o class java.io.Writer
    o class java.io.BufferedWriter
    o…
    o class java.io.OutputStreamWriter
    Sources of data streams
    • There are three standard I/O streams:
    – standard input – defined by System.in
    – standard output – defined by System.out
    – standard error – defined by System.err
    • We use System.out when we execute println
    statements
    • System.in is declared to be a generic
    InputStream reference, and therefore usually must
    be mapped to a more useful stream with specific
    characteristics
    • FileInputStream and FileReader are classes
    whose constructors open a file for reading
    Processing streams
    • Processing classes have constructors that take
    InputSteams as input and produce InputStreams
    with added functionality
    • BufferedReader, and BufferedWriter allow you to
    write bigger chunks of text to a stream.
    – Buffering is a way of combining multiple reads or
    writes into a single action. It is a good idea when
    working with text.
    – Examples: readLine() in BufferedReader and
    newLine() in BufferedWriter
    IOExceptions
    • The following exception classes are defined in the
    java.io package:
    CharConversionException
    EOFException
    FileNotFoundException
    InterruptedIOException
    InvalidClassException
    InvalidObjectException
    NotActiveException
    NotSerializableException
    ObjectStreamException
    OptionalDataException
    StreamCorruptedException
    SyncFailedException
    UnsupportedEncodingException
    UTFDataFormatException
    WriteAbortedException
    Reading from a file: Listing 8.7
    …
    StringTokenizer tokenizer;
    String line, name, file="inventory.dat";
    …
    try {
    FileReader fr = new FileReader (file);
    BufferedReader inFile = new BufferedReader (fr);
    line = inFile.readLine();
    while (line != null) {
    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer (line);
    name = tokenizer.nextToken();
    try {
    units = Integer.parseInt (tokenizer.nextToken());
    …
    }
    catch (NumberFormatException exception) {
    System.out.println ("Error in input. Line ignored:");
    }
    line = inFile.readLine();
    }
    The Keyboard Class
    • The Keyboard class was written by the authors of your
    textbook to facilitate reading data from standard input
    • Now we can examine the processing of the Keyboard
    class in more detail
    • The Keyboard class:
    – declares a useful standard input stream
    – handles exceptions that may be thrown
    – parses input lines into separate values
    – converts input stings into the expected type
    – handles conversion problems
    • Take a look at the code and ask questions next class

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