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    GPB 512 Blackgram

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    narayanan
    This document discusses breeding methods for black gram (Vigna mungo). It outlines the plant's origin in India and limitations to genetic improvement. Breeding objectives include developing short and medium duration varieties with high yields, disease resistance, and improved quality. Methods discussed are introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, molecular breeding using QTL mapping, and potential for genetic engineering. Important cultivars and conclusions about need for more genomic resources are also presented.

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    GPB 512 Blackgram

    Uploaded by

    narayanan
    113 views17 pages
    This document discusses breeding methods for black gram (Vigna mungo). It outlines the plant's origin in India and limitations to genetic improvement. Breeding objectives include developing short and medium duration varieties with high yields, disease resistance, and improved quality. Methods discussed are introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, molecular breeding using QTL mapping, and potential for genetic engineering. Important cultivars and conclusions about need for more genomic resources are also presented.

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    GPB 512 BLACKGRAM

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    This document discusses breeding methods for black gram (Vigna mungo). It outlines the plant's origin in India and limitations to genetic improvement. Breeding objectives include developing short and medium duration varieties with high yields, disease resistance, and improved quality. Methods discussed are introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, molecular breeding using QTL mapping, and potential for genetic engineering. Important cultivars and conclusions about need for more genomic resources are also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    113 views17 pages

    GPB 512 Blackgram

    Uploaded by

    narayanan
    This document discusses breeding methods for black gram (Vigna mungo). It outlines the plant's origin in India and limitations to genetic improvement. Breeding objectives include developing short and medium duration varieties with high yields, disease resistance, and improved quality. Methods discussed are introduction, pure line selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, molecular breeding using QTL mapping, and potential for genetic engineering. Important cultivars and conclusions about need for more genomic resources are also presented.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Breeding for Black

    Gram(Urd, Ulundu)
    M.NARAYANAN
    2019508202
    GPB -512
    Introduction

    Vigna mungo (2n = 22, 24)


    Place of Origin: India
    Putative Parents V. trinerivus / V. sublobata or V.mungo var.
    sylvestris.
    The major limitations for genetic improvement of black
    gram include lack of suitable ideotypes for variable cropping
    systems, low harvest index, exposure to abiotic and biotic
    stresses and unavailability of quality seeds of improved
    varieties and lack of exploitable genetic variability.
    This is primarily due to the repeated use of only a few
    parents with a great degree of relatedness in crossing
    programs
    Wild species of vigna
    Breeding Objectives
    1. Evolving medium duration high yielding varieties for dry land
    cultivation. CO5 black gram. Suitable for dry land cultivation.
    2. Evolving short duration high yielding varieties suitable for irrigated
    conditions. This can be used as mixed crop in cotton, turmeric Short
    duration varieties are CO2, Vamban 1, 2 and 3.
    3. Evolving short duration varieties suitable for rice follow condition e.g
    ADT 3.
    4. Breeding Varieties Resistant to Diseases. YMV is a serious disease. Leaf
    crinkle virus, powdery mildew. VBN 1, Karaikal, BDN 1, VBN 2, VBN 3 -
    resistant to YMV.
    5. Pest: White fly vector for YMV and leaf crinkle, leaf eating caterpillar
    6. Breeding for Better Quality: 24% protein. There are lines having 27%
    protein. These can be utilised Quality of black gram is determined by
    a) Protein content, b) Methionine content 1.17%, c) cooking quality –
    Time, d) % of hard seeds. e) Dhall recovery 70%
    Floral Biology
    Blackgram belongs to leguminaceae and is highly self-pollinated. The
    extend of cross pollination is upto 5-10%.
     An auxiliary raceme that may be branched with clusters of 5-6 flowers
    on a short but later elongates peduncle. Flowers small, yellow and
    clustered at the top of the peduncle.
    Flowers bracteate, braceolate, pedicellate, bisexual, hypogynous,
    zygomorphic, complete, petamerous, gamosepalous, imbricate, corolla,
    papilionaceious.
    Keel petal sprially coiled. Stamen 10 (9+1) diadelphous, didynamous,
    ovary superior unilocular with few ovules.
    Flowers start opening early in the morning and are completely open
    between 7 to 8 a.m.
    The anthers begin to shed pollen in the previous day evening before the
    flowers open and anthesis is complete before mid-night. Self
    pollination is the rule.
    Ideal Plant Type
    For irrigated and rice fallows
    Determinate type,
    Short duration,
    High dry matter producing with 30cm plant ht.
    Photo insensitive, for rainfed condition.
     Semi determinate with pod setting from base of the
    main stem;
     Higher pod length and more number of seeds/pod.
    Breeding Methods
    1. Introduction :e.g. T.9 from U.P.
    2. Pure line Selection : Co3 - Alangudi local,Co5 - musiri local
    3. Hybridization and Selection
    a) Intervarietial
    KM 2 (Derivative from T9 × L.64),TMV 1 - Derivative from
    Midhiulundu × KM1, ADT 4-29 × AD 2 × 6114,VBN 3 - LBG 402 × LBG
    17.
    b) Inter Specific
    Vigna mungo × V.mungo var.sylvestris - Pant nagar. YMV resistant lines
    obtained. But pod shatters. More number of Back crosses suggested.
    Vigna mungo × V.radiata for increasing pod length, digestibility. Sterility
    is the main problem. Few plants obtained revert back to parental form.
    4) Mutation Breeding
    Various approaches have been adopted for induced
    mutagenesis in Vigna mungo involving chemical and
    physical methods.
     Induced mutations were also found to be effective in
    creating genetic variability for quantitative traits .
     Studies on heritability, genetic variability and genetic
    advance of grain yield traits in V. mungo indicate the scope
    of improvement through selection
    Ex .Variety Co4 - derived from Co1 by EMS treatment
    4) Mutation Breeding
    5 Molecular Breeding

     These molecular markers provide an indispensable tool to


    develop genetic linkage maps and to tag agronomically-
    important traits for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS),
    collectively known as molecular breeding .
     This term is also used to include several novel strategies
    comprising
     genomic selection (GS),
    marker assisted recurrent selection (MARS),
     marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) and
    genome- wide selection (GWS) .
    MAS is regarded as a powerful methodology and novel strategy
    for genetic improvement of plants, and up to now widely used
    in multiple crop species
    QTL identified for Black gram.
    6 Genetic Engineering

    Genetic engineering is a proven and efficient approach to developing


    cultivars with improved traits in a relatively short period of time.
     However, it is difficult to use black gram for in vitro culture and
    genetic transformation
    Recently, Kapildev et al. (2016) developed a much more efficient and
    improved method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
    recalcitrant black gram cv. T9
     Although there are some success stories of Vigna mungo genetic
    engineering for improved traits , it is anticipated that further
    improvements in V. mungo stable genetic transformation may
    contribute significantly to enhance V. mungo abiotic/biotic stress
    resistance and nutrition.
    Cont..
    Important Cultivars and Accessions of V.
    mungo
    Conclusions
    Most genetic linkage maps of Vigna species have been developed
    using interspecific and intersubspecific crosses.
    These maps have reduced utility in breeding programs for exploiting
    the genetic variation of the cultivated genepool.
    Limited genomic resources are the main hurdle in the improvement
    of Vigna mungo
    Nevertheless, there is a considerable lack of tools for genetic
    characterization or improvement of V. mungo i.e. mutagenesis,
    reverse genetics, stable and transient gene silencing or TILLING
    platforms.
     Alternative novel technologies of targeted mutagenesis and genome
    editing (CRISPR/Cas9 system) could facilitate prompt improvements
    of this crop.
    REFERENCES
    Recent Advances in Breeding, Marker Assisted
    Selection and Genomics of Black Gram (Vigna mungo
    (L.) Hepper)
    Principles and plant breeding methods of field crops
    in india mungo (l.) Hepper)
    www.agriinfo.com

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