CONTE M P O RA R Y

P H IL OS O P H Y
 LEV NIKOLAYEVICH TOLSTOY
BIRTH DATE: SEPTEMBER 9, 1828
DEATH DATE: NOVEMBER 20, 1910

 TOLSTOY WAS "THE GREATEST OF ALL NOVELIST “

 LEO TOLSTOY HAS BEEN PRAISED AS BEING THE GREATEST

NOVELIST IN WORLD LITERATURE.

 TOLSTOY IS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS TWO LONGEST WORK THE

WAR AND PEACE (1865-1869) AND ANNA KARENINA (1875-
1877).
 CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE
BIRTH DATE: SEPTEMBER 10, 1839
DEATH DATE: APRIL 19, 1914

 PIERCE WAS A SCIENTIST AND PHILOSOPHER BEST

KNOWN AS THE EARLIEST PROPONENT OF PRAGMATISM.
 AN INFLUENTIAL THINKER AND POLYMATH. HE IS ONE
OF THE GREATEST OF AMERICAN MINDS.
HIS BEST KNOWN THEORIES IS PRAGMATISM AND THE
ACCOUNT OF INQUIRY.
 FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE
BIRTH DATE: OCTOBER 15, 1844
DEATH DATE: AUGUST 25, 1900

PHILOSOPHER AND PHILOGIST FROM GERMANY. HE

WROTE MAINLY CRITICAL WORKS THAT ATTACKED
THE PREVAILING RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF HIS TIME.

 NIETZSCHE IS WELL KNOWN FOR ONE PARTICULAR

DECLARATION, “GOD IS DEAD”, WHICH APPEARS A
NUMBER OF TIMES IN HIS WORK
FRIEDRICH LUDWIG GOTTLOB FREGE
BIRTH DATE: NOVEMBER 8, 1848
DEATH DATE: JULY 26, 1925

FREGE WAS A GERMAN LOGICIAN.,

MATHEMATICIAN AND PHILOSOPHER WHO PLAYED
A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN
LOGIC AND ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY. HIS WORKS
WERE REVOLUTIONARY.
 ALEXIUS MEINONG RITTER VON
HANDSCHUCHSHEIM
BIRTH DATE: JULY 17, 1853
DEATH DATE: NOVEMBER 27, 1920

AUSTRIAN PHILOSOPHER AND PSYCHOLOGIST

WHO WORKED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ FROM
1882 UNTIL HIS DEATH.

 MEINONG HAD CONSTANTLY RECOGNIZED THE

FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN
PHILOSOPHY
 GIUSEPPE PEANO
BIRTH DATE: AUGUST 27, 1858
DEATH DATE: APRIL 20, 1932

AN ITALIAN MATHEMATICIAN AND LOGICIAN.

 PEANO'S FORMULARIO MATHEMATICO WAS AN
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
AND THEOREMS EXPRESSED IN A SYMBOLIC
LANGUAGE. MANY OF THE SYMBOLS THAT PEANO
USED IN THE FORMULARIO ARE STILL IN USE TODAY.
EDMUND GUSTAV ALBRECHT HUSSERL
BIRTH DATE: APRIL 8, 1859
DEATH DATE: APRIL 27, 1938

THE "FATHER" OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL MOVEMENT

KNOWN AS PHENOMENOLOGY.

 HUSSERL'S HAMD PHENOMENOLOGY BEGAN AS A

CRITIQUE OF BOTH PSYCHOLOGISM AND
NATURALISM
 HENRI-LOUIS BERGSON
BIRTH DATE: OCTOBER 18, 1859
DEATH DATE: JANUARY 4, 1941

ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS AND INFLUENTIAL

FRENCH PHILOSOPHERS.

 BERGSON'S CONCEPT OF MULTIPLICITY

ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY IN A CONSISTENT WAY OF
TWO CONTRADICTORY FEATURES: HETEROGENEITY
AND CONTINUITY.
 ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD
BIRTH DATE: FEBRUARY 15, 1861
DEATH DATE: DECEMBER 30, 1947

A PHILOSOPHER AND MATHEMATICIAN, MADE ONE

OF THE OUTSTANDING ATTEMPTS IN HIS
GENERATION TO PRODUCE A COMPREHENSIVE
METAPHYSICAL SYSTEM THAT WOULD TAKE
ACCOUNT OF SCIENTIFIC COSMOLOGY.
 BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL
BIRTH DATE: MAY 18, 1872
DEATH DATE: FEBRUARY 2, 1970

 THE GREATEST PHILOSOPHER AND LOGICIAN SINCE

ARISTOTLE.
HE WROTE ORIGINAL PHILOSOPHY ON DOZENS OF SUBJECTS.
 HIS IMPORTANT WORK WAS IN LOGIC,MATHEMATICAL
PHILOSOPHY AND ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY. HE THEN USED THE
NEW LOGIC AS THE BASIS OF HIS MATHEMATICAL
PHILOSOPHY CALLED LOGICISM
 HENRY MAURICE SHEFFER
BIRTH DATE: SEPTEMBER 1882
DEATH DATE: 1964

WAS A POLISH JEW BORN IN THE WESTERN

UKRAINE.

SHEFFER INTRODUCED WHAT IS NOW KNOWN AS

THE SHEFFER STROKE IN 1913. IT BECAME WELL
KNOWN ONLY AFTER ITS USE IN THE 1925
 FRANZ KAFKA
BIRTH DATE: JULY 3, 1883
DEATH DATE: JUNE 3, 1924

BELIEVE ON HIS SAYING "ALL I AM IS LITERATURE, AND

I AM NOT ABKE OR WILLING TO BE ANYTHING ELSE“.
 HE PUBLISHED A HANDFUL OF STORIES DEALING WITH
THEMES SUCH AS ISOLATION AND ALIENATION.
 SOME OF HIS MOST WIDELY READ WORKS INCLUDE
-THE METAMORPHOSIS : A HUNGER ARTIST, IN THE
PENAL COLONY , THE JUDGMENT
 KARL THEODOR JASPERS
BIRTH DATE: FEBRUARY 23, 1883
DEATH DATE: FEBRUARY 26, 1969

EARNED AN MD AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG IN

GERMANY WHERE HE LATER TAUGHT PSYCHOLOGY AND
THEN PHILOSOPHY (BUT WAS RELIEVED OF THIS
POSITION DURING NAZI POWER BECAUSE HIS IDEAS
OPPOSED THEIRS).

JASPERS' PHILOSOPHY CENTERED AROUND WHAT HE

CALLED THE "ENCOMPASSING".
 LUDWIG JOSEF JOHANN WITTGENSTEIN
BIRTH DATE: APRIL 26, 1889
DEATH DATE: APRIL 29, 1951

 ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHER.

 HE MADE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO
CONVERSATIONS ON LANGUAGE, LOGIC, METAPHYSICS
AND ETHICS.
 HE PUBLISHED TWO IMPORTANT BOOKS: THE
TRACTATUS LOGICO PHILOSOPHICUS (1921)
PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS (1953)
 GABRIEL HONORÉ MARCEL
BIRTH DATE: DECEMBER 7, 1889
DEATH DATE: OCTOBER 8, 1973

FRENCH PHILOSOPHER, DRAMATIST AND CRITIC.

HE CALLED HIMSELF A "CONCRETE PHILOSOPHER "
MARCEL DESCRIBED MAN'S PLACED IN THE WORLD IN
TERMS OF SUCH FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN EXPERIENCES
AS RELATUONSHIP,LOVE, FIDELITY,HOPE AND FAITH.

 HIS BEST KNOWN PLAYS ARE: UN HOMME DE DIEU

(1925) AND LE CHEMIN DE CRETE (1936)
 MARTIN HEIDEGGER
BIRTH DATE: SEPTEMBER 26, 1889
DEATH DATE: MAY 26, 1976

IS WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE ONE OF THE MOST

ORIGINAL AND IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHERS.

 HIS THINKING HAS CONTRIBUTED TO SUCH DIVERSE

FIELDS AS PHENOMENOLOGY, EXISTENTIALISM,POLITICAL
THEORY, PSYCHOLOGY AND THELOGY.

HEIDEGGER'S MAIN INTEREST WAS ONTOLOGY OR THA

STUDY OF BEING.
 RUDOLF CARNAP
BIRTH DATE: MAY 18, 1891
DEATH DATE: SEPTEMBER 14, 1970

WAS LEADING EXPONENT OF LOGICAL POSITIVISM

AND WAS ONE OF THE MAJOR PHILOSOPHER.

 HE MADE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE, THE THEORY OF
PROBABILITY, INDUCTIVE LOGIC AND MODAL
LOGIC.
 GILBERT RYLE
BIRTH DATE: AUGUST 19, 1900
DEATH DATE: OCTOBER 6, 1976

BRITISH PHILOSOPHER, MAINLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ORDINARY

LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY MOVEMENT. HE IS WELL KNOWN FOR HIS
DEFINITIVE CRITIQUE OF THE DUALISM OF DESCARTES AND OTHER
TRADITIONAL MIND BODY THEORIES.

 HIS MAINLY KNOWN BOOKS ARE;:

THE CONCEPT OF MIND (1949)
DILEMMAS (1954)
PLATO'S PROGRESS(1966)
ON THINKING (1976)
 ALFRED TARSKI
BIRTH DATE: JANUARY 14, 1901
DEATH DATE:  OCTOBER 26, 1983

A POLISH AMERICAN MATHEMATICIAN, ONE OF

THE GREATEST LOGICIAN OF ALL TIME.

TARSKI'S WORK HAS BEEN INFLUENTIAL IN

PHILOSOPHY ESPECIALLY THROUGH HIS THEORIES .
 KARL RAIMUND POPPER
BIRTH DATE: JULY 28, 1902
DEATH DATE: SEPTEMBER 17, 1994

 AUSTRIAN PHILOSOPHER WHO IS THE

PHILOSOPHER OF SCIENCE.

 HE ALSO MADE A CONTRIBUTION IN

EPISTEMOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF MIND AND SOCIAL
AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.
 JEAN-PAUL CHARLES AYMARD SARTRE
BIRTH DATE:  JUNE 21, 1905
DEATH DATE: APRIL 15, 1980

FRENCH PHILOSOPHER, PLAYWRIGHT, NOVELIST,

POLITICAL ACTIVIST, BIOGRAPHER, AND LITERARY
CRITIC.

FOCUSES ON ITS FIRST PHASE UPON THE

CONSTRUCTION OF PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE
KNOWN AS EXISTENTIALISM.
 KURT FRIEDRICH GÖDEL
BIRTH DATE: APRIL 28, 1906
DEATH DATE: JANUARY 14, 1978

ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT LOGICIAN WHOSE

WORK HAD AN IMMENSE IMPACT ON 20 TH CENTURY
PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND MATHEMATICIANS.

HE IS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS TWO INCOMPLETENESS

THEOREM WHICH HE PUBLISHED IN 1931 AT 25
YEARS OLD AGE.
 SIMONE LUCIE ERNESTINE MARIE
BERTRAND DE BEAUVOIR
BIRTH DATE: JANUARY 9, 1908
DEATH DATE: APRIL 14, 1986

WAS ONE OF THE MOST PREMINENT FRENCH EXISTENTIALIST

PHILOSOPHER AND WRITERS.

DE BEAUVOIR PRODUCED A RICH CORPUS OF WRITINGS

INCLUDING WORKS ON ETHICS, FEMINISM, FICTION
AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND POLITICS. DE BEAUVOIR WAS ALSO
ACCOMPLISHED LITERARY FIGURE AND HER NOVEL THE
MANDARINS (1954 ) PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS - THE SECOND
SEX (1949)
 WILLARD VAN ORMAN QUINE
BIRTH DATE: JUNE 25, 1908
DEATH DATE: DECEMBER 25, 2000

BECAME PROFESSOR IN PHILOSOPHY IN 1936.

 HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY INVOLVE SUBTLE
MODIFICATION OF THE EMPRICIST TRADITIONS OF
PRAGMATISM AND LOGICAL POSITIVISM.
 ALBERT CAMUS
BIRTH DATE: NOVEMBER 7, 1913
DEATH DATE: JANUARY 4, 1960

 FRENCH WRITER FROM ALGERIA.

HE WAS FAMOUS FOR HIS DEEP, YET CONCISE, LITERARY PIECES.
IN ADDITION TO HIS NOVELS, ESSAYS AND PLAYS, CAMUS WAS A
JOURNALIST, AND DURING WORLD WAR II, A MEMBER OF THE
FRENCH RESISTANCE AGAINST GERMAN OCCUPATION. HIS
PHILOSOPHY, WHICH IS DESCRIBED IN HIS ESSAY, THE MYTH OF
SISYPHUS, CENTERS AROUND THE ABSURDITY OF THE HUMAN
CONDITION. CAMUS WAS LABELED AS AN EXISTENTIALIST BUT
REJECTED THE TITLE.
 JOHN BORDLEY RAWLS
BIRTH PLACE: FEBRUARY 21, 1921
DEATH PLACE: NOVEMBER 24, 2002

THE LEADING ANGLO AMERICAN POLITICAL

PHILOSOPHER OF THE SECOND HALF OF 20TH
CENTURY.

 WORKS: A THEORY OF JUSTICE (1971) AND

POLITICAL LIBERALISM (2005)
 THOMAS SAMUEL KUHN
BIRTH DATE: JULY 18, 1922
DEATH DATE: JUNE 17, 1996

HISTORIAN AND A PHILOSOPHER OF SCIENCE

THROUGH THE SUPPORT OF JAMES CONANT.

IN 1962 , KUHN RENOWNED THE STRUCTURE OF

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS HELPED TO INAUGURATE
A REVOLUTIONS.
 HILARY WHITEHALL PUTNAM
BIRTH DATE: JULY 31, 1926
DEATH DATE: MARCH 13, 2016

 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER WHO MADE A MAJOR

CONTRIBUTIONS TO METAPHYSICS, EPISTEMOLOGY, THE
PHILOSOPHY OF MIND , PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE ,PHILOSOPHY
OF SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS AND PHILOSOPHY
OF LOGIC.

 HIS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS SEMANTIC EXTERNALISM

ACCORDING TO WHICH LINGUISTIC MEANINGS ARE NOT PURELY
MENTAL ENTITIES BUT REACH OUT TO EXTERNAL REALITY.
 EDMUND L. GETTIER III
BIRTH DATE: OCTOBER 31, 1927

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER AND PROFESSOR EMERITUS

AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST.

HE IS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS SHORT 1963 ARTICLE "IS

JUSTIFIED TRUE BELIEF KNOWLEDGE?", WHICH HAS
GENERATED AN EXTENSIVE PHILOSOPHICAL
LITERATURE TRYING TO RESPOND TO WHAT BECAME
KNOWN AS THE GETTIER PROBLEM.
 JÜRGEN HABERMAS
BIRTH DATE: JUNE 18, 1929

GERMAN PHILOSOPHER AND SOCIOLOGIST IN THE

TRADITION OF CRITICAL THEORY AND PRAGMATISM.

HE IS PERHAPS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS THEORIES

ON COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY AND THE PUBLIC
SPHERE. IN 2014, PROSPECT READERS CHOSE
HABERMAS AS ONE OF THEIR FAVOURITES AMONG
THE "WORLD'S LEADING THINKERS"
 HARRY GORDON FRANKFURT
BIRTH DATE: MAY 29, 1929

IS PERHAPS BEST KNOWN TO THE PUBLIC FOR HIS

RECENT BOOKS, ON BULLSHIT AND ON TRUTH. ON
BULLSHIT WAS ORIGINALLY WRITTEN IN 1986 AS A
PAPER, AND WAS PUBLISHED IN 2005 AS A BOOK.

THE BRIEF TEXT BECAME A BESTSELLER, AND

FRANKFURT WROTE ON TRUTH AS A FOLLOW UP.
KAARLO JAAKKO JUHANI HINTIKKA
BIRTH DATE: JANUARY 12, 1929
DEATH DATE: AUGUST 12, 2015

 A FINNISH LOGICIAN AND PHILOSOPHER, AND

PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY.

EPISTEMIC LOGIC
HINTIKKA PRESENTED A METHOD OF DOING EPISTEMIC
LOGIC, A CONTEXTUAL LOGIC MEANT TO SYMBOLIZE
SENTENCES ABOUT KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF WHICH IS
FOUND IN HIS 1962 BOOK KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF
 JACQUES DERRIDA
BIRTH DATE: JULY 15, 1930
DEATH DATE: OCTOBER 9, 2004

A PROMINENT FIGURE IN CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY,

AND IS KNOWN AS THE FOUNDER OF DECONSTRUCTION.

SELECTED WORKS
DE LA GRAMMATOLOGIE (OF GRAMMATOLOGY, 1967)
LA DISSÉMINATION (DISSEMINATION, 1972)
GLAS (1974)
 CARL GINET
BIRTH DATE: JULY 11, 1932

 AN AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER.
CARL GINET IS ALSO CREDITED WITH THE BARN-FAÇADES
COUNTEREXAMPLE TO BOTH THE TRADITIONAL AND CAUSAL
DEFINITIONS OF KNOWLEDGE.
SELECTED WORKS
“MIGHT WE HAVE NO CHOICE?” (1966)
“AN INCOHERENCE IN THE TRACTATUS” (1973)
KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND MEMORY (1975)
“THE FOURTH CONDITION” (1988)
ON ACTION (1990)
 ALVIN CARL PLANTINGA 
BIRTH DATE: NOVEMBER 15, 1932

AN AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER, AND PROFESSOR AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME. HE IS KNOWN FOR HIS
CONTRIBUTIONS TO EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS, AND,
AS A CHRISTIAN, FOR HIS PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION AND
DEFENSE OF CHRISTIAN BELIEFS.
SELECTED WORKS:
GOD AND OTHER MINDS (1967)
THE NATURE OF NECESSITY (1974)
WARRANTED CHRISTIAN BELIEF (2000)
 JOHN ROGERS SEARLE
BIRTH DATE: JULY 31, 1932

AN ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHER AND PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY. HE IS KNOWN FOR
HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND AND
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE.
SELECTED WORKS:
SPEECH ACTS: AN ESSAY IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
(1969)
EXPRESSION AND MEANING (1979)
THE REDISCOVERY OF THE MIND (1992)
RATIONALITY IN ACTION (2001)
 THOMAS NAGEL
BIRTH DATE: JULY 4, 1937

AN AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER AND PROFESSOR AT

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. HE HAS MADE
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHILOSOPHY OF MIND, ETHICS
AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.

NAGEL IS PERHAPS MOST FAMOUS FOR HIS 1974

PAPER, “WHAT IS IT LIKE TO BE A BAT?”.
 ROBERT NOZICK
BIRTH DATE: NOVEMBER 16, 1938
DEATH DATE: JANUARY 23, 2002

AN AMERICAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

PHILOSOPHER AND A PROFESSOR AT HARVARD.

NOZICK'S MOST INFLUENTIAL WORK IS ANARCHY,

STATE AND UTOPIA. THIS 1974 BOOK IS LARGELY A
RESPONSE TO A THEORY OF JUSTICE FROM JOHN
RAWLS.
 ALVIN IRA GOLDMAN
BIRTH DATE:  OCTOBER 1, 1938

AN AMERICAN PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY, BEST

KNOWN FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO EPISTEMOLOGY.

 GOLDMAN CONTRIBUTED TO EPISTEMOLOGY A

CAUSAL THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE, WHICH PROVIDED
A NEW ACCOUNT OF WHAT KNOWLEDGE IS, IN
RESPONSE TO THE GETTIER COUNTEREXAMPLES .
 SAUL AARON KRIPKE
BIRTH DATE: NOVEMBER 13, 1940

A LOGICIAN AND PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY

BEST KNOWN FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO LOGIC,
EPISTEMOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
WORKS NAMING AND NECESSITY (LECTURES, 1972)
WITTGENSTEIN ON RULES AND PRIVATE LANGUAGE
(1982)
 FRANK JACKSON
BIRTH YEAR: 1943
AUSTRALIAN PHILOSOPHER
HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE AREAS OF PHILOSOPHY OF MIND,
EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS.
SELECTED WORKS
PERCEPTION: A REPRESENTATIVE THEORY (1977)
“EPIPHENOMENAL QUALIA” (1982)
“WEAKNESS OF WILL” (1984)
“WHAT MARY DIDN'T KNOW” (1986)
CONDITIONALS (1987)
“FUNCTIONALISM AND BROAD CONTENT” (1988)
FROM METAPHYSICS TO ETHICS: A DEFENSE OF CONCEPTUAL
ANALYSIS (1997)
 JONATHAN PETER DANCY
BIRTH DATE: MAY 8, 1946
 BRITISH PHILOSOPHER, WHO HAS WRITTEN ON ETHICS AND EPISTEMOLOGY. HE IS
CURRENTLY PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN AND
RESEARCH PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF READING. HE TAUGHT PREVIOUSLY FOR
MANY YEARS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KEELE.

WORKS:
AN INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY EPISTEMOLOGY, OXFORD: BLACKWELL, 1985
BERKELEY: AN INTRODUCTION (BLACKWELL, 1987) AND MORAL REASONS (BLACKWELL,
1993), AND EDITOR OF A COMPANION TO EPISTEMOLOGY (WITH ERNEST SOSA, BLACKWELL,
1992), READING PARFIT (BLACKWELL, 1997), AND NORMATIVITY (BLACKWELL, 2000).
ANGELICA MAE
 PETER ALBERT DAVID SINGER
BIRTH DATE: JULY 6, 1946

A WELL-KNOWN MORAL PHILOSOPHER, BEST KNOWN FOR

HIS UTILITARIAN STANCE ON ETHICS.

THE CENTRAL IDEA OF PETER SINGER’S UTILITARIAN MORAL

PHILOSOPHY IS AS FOLLOWS: IF YOU CAN PREVENT THE
MISERY OF OTHERS WITHOUT CAUSING SIMILAR MISERY OR
SACRIFICE FOR YOURSELF, YOU OUGHT TO.
SINGER’S 1975 BOOK ANIMAL LIBERATION HAS BECOME AN
IMPORTANT TEXT OUTSIDE OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL
COMMUNITY AMONG THOSE PROMOTING ANIMAL WELFARE
 DAVID JOHN CHALMERS
BIRTH DATE: APRIL 20, 1966

 AUSTRALIAN PHILOSOPHER AND COGNITIVE SCIENTIST

SPECIALIZING IN THE AREAS OF PHILOSOPHY OF MIND AND
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE.

 BEST KNOWN FOR HIS WORK IN PHILOSOPHY OF MIND. HE IS A

PROFESSOR AT THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY.

SELECTED WORKS
THE CONSCIOUS MIND: IN SEARCH OF A FUNDAMENTAL THEORY
(1996)
“THE PUZZLE OF CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE” (1995)
THA NK Y OU !
GROUP 6