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    Module 1

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    Aldrian Dagoy
    This document defines key terms in statistics such as population, sample, variable, and data. It explains that statistics involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. Descriptive statistics describes characteristics of a group, while inferential statistics makes inferences about a large group based on a sample. A population refers to a large collection being studied, while a sample is a smaller subset. Variables are characteristics that make members of a population different, such as age or gender. Data are facts or information being studied, which can be qualitative or quantitative in nature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Module 1

    Uploaded by

    Aldrian Dagoy
    205 views18 pages
    This document defines key terms in statistics such as population, sample, variable, and data. It explains that statistics involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. Descriptive statistics describes characteristics of a group, while inferential statistics makes inferences about a large group based on a sample. A population refers to a large collection being studied, while a sample is a smaller subset. Variables are characteristics that make members of a population different, such as age or gender. Data are facts or information being studied, which can be qualitative or quantitative in nature.

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    This document defines key terms in statistics such as population, sample, variable, and data. It explains that statistics involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. Descriptive statistics describes characteristics of a group, while inferential statistics makes inferences about a large group based on a sample. A population refers to a large collection being studied, while a sample is a smaller subset. Variables are characteristics that make members of a population different, such as age or gender. Data are facts or information being studied, which can be qualitative or quantitative in nature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    205 views18 pages

    Module 1

    Uploaded by

    Aldrian Dagoy
    This document defines key terms in statistics such as population, sample, variable, and data. It explains that statistics involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. Descriptive statistics describes characteristics of a group, while inferential statistics makes inferences about a large group based on a sample. A population refers to a large collection being studied, while a sample is a smaller subset. Variables are characteristics that make members of a population different, such as age or gender. Data are facts or information being studied, which can be qualitative or quantitative in nature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Statistics

    MODULE 1

    Definition of Terms
    STATISTICS is a scientific body of knowledge
    that deals with

    collection of data

    organization or presentation of data


    analysis and interpretation of data
    DESCRIPTIVE
    STATISTICS is a
    statistical procedure
    concerned with
    describing the
    characteristics and
    properties of a group of
    persons, places or things;
    it is based on facts; can
    be easily verified
    INFERENTIAL
    STATISTICS is a
    statistical procedure that
    is used to draw
    inferences for a large
    group of people, places
    or things on the basis of
    the information obtained
    from a small portion of a
    large group.
    Look at this headline…
    Who were surveyed by SWS?
    Is there anyone among us who was a respondent
    in this research? Why do you think SWS
    was able to conclude that 76% of Pinoys back
    US troops?
    Population (N)=Filipinos

    Sample (n)=Filipino adults


    POPULATION refers to a large
    collection of objects, places or things
    • Parameter is any numerical value which describes a population
    Ex. 1) There are 8,756 students enrolled in Nursing
    N = 8,756
    2) The average age of Nursing students is 20.

    A  20
    SAMPLE is a small portion or part of a population; a
    representative of the population in a research study

    • Statistic is any numerical value which describes a sample


    Ex. 1. Of the 8,756 students enrolled in Nursing,
    2,893 are Male n = 2,893
    2. The average age of male students is 21

    X  21
    What to do: Do not copy the problem. Just write the letter of your
    answer but you need to explain/justify your choice; explain also why you
    did not choose the other 3 options.
    A Car Company wants to know the 3 features of cars
    that are most important to licensed drivers in the
    Philippines. The Company telephones 100 Alabang residents
    and asks a series of questions. Which of these is the
    population in their survey?
    A] all licensed drivers in Alabang
    B] all residents in Alabang
    C] all licensed drivers in the Philippines
    D] all residents of the Philippines
    1] My answer is letter “A” because…
    2] Not B because …
    3] Not C because …
    4] Not D because …
    What to do: Do not copy the problem. Just write the letter of your
    Answer but you need to explain/justify your choice; explain also
    Why you did not choose the other 3 options.
    Ans: [C] all licensed drivers in the Philippines. Since the
    A Car Company
    company wants towants to know
    know the 3 featuresthe
    of 3cars
    features
    that areofmost
    cars
    that are most
    important important
    to licensed driverstoinlicensed driversthen
    the Philippines, in the
    the
    Philippines.
    population in The
    this Company telephones 100 Alabang residents
    and asks a series of questions. Which of these is the
    research should
    population be ALL
    in their LICENSED DRIVERS in the Phils.
    survey?
    1] Not A, because Alabang is not the whole Philippines
    A] all licensed drivers in Alabang
    B] all
    2] Not B, residents in Alabang
    because it consists not only licensed drivers but all
    C] all licensed drivers in the Philippines
    residents of Alabang
    D] all residents of the Philippines
    3] Not D, because it consists not only licensed drivers but all
    residents of the Philippines
    DATA are facts, or set of information
    gathered or under study
    Qualitative data are attributes which cannot be subjected to
    meaningful arithmetic. Ex. gender

    Quantitative data are numerical in nature and therefore


    meaningful arithmetic can be done. Ex. age
    Your group is tasked to conduct a survey on the economic status of
    JRU students. What do you think are the information or data you
    need to gather which will help you in this research? Justify your
    answer!
    -gender
    -civil
    status
    -address
    -religion
    -age -educational
    -weekly
    allowance attainment of
    -income of parents
    parents -jobs of parents
    -
    -previous
    schools attended
    -lifestyles
    Data Type: QN/QL
    1. weekly allowance
    2. income of parents
    3. gender
    4. civil status
    5. religion
    6. age
    7. address
    8.educational attainment of parents
    9. jobs/occupation of parents
    10. schools previously attended
    Quantitative data are numerical in nature and therefore
    meaningful arithmetic can be done.

    -Discrete data assume exact values only and can be


    obtained by counting. Ex. number of students
    -Continuous data assume infinite values within a
    specified interval and can be obtained by measurement.
    Ex. height
    Constant is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which makes the members
    similar to each other.
    Ex. Gender in a class of all boys is constant

    Researchers are not interested in constants


    Since they do not make the subjects of research
    Different from one another.
    Variable is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which makes the members
    They are specifically interested in VARIABLES!
    different from each other.
    Ex. Gender in a coed school is variable
    Variable is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which makes the members
    different from each other.

    -nominal: numbers do not mean anything, they just label


    Ex. SSS number
    gender (Male=1 & Female=0)

    -ordinal: numbers are used to label + rank


    Ex. Size of T-shirt
    Variable is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which makes the members
    different from each other.

    -interval: numbers are used to label + rank; Do not have


    a true zero
    Ex. temperature
    -ratio: numbers are used to label + rank + equal unit
    of interval; Have true zero
    Ex. number of votes
    Variable is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which makes the members
    different from each other.

    -dependent: a variable which is affected by another


    variable
    Ex. test scores
    -independent: a variable which affects the dependent
    variable
    Ex. number of hours spent in studying

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