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    Ec19303-Signals and Sytems

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    BENAZIR BEGAM R
    1. The document evaluates three signal expressions and determines their values for specific values of n. 2. It then describes six common operations that can be performed on signals: time reversal, time shifting, amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, and time scaling. 3. Key steps for operations involving multiple transformations like time shifting and reversal are explained. Graphical representations are provided for operations like addition and multiplication.

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    Ec19303-Signals and Sytems

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    BENAZIR BEGAM R
    12 views15 pages
    1. The document evaluates three signal expressions and determines their values for specific values of n. 2. It then describes six common operations that can be performed on signals: time reversal, time shifting, amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, and time scaling. 3. Key steps for operations involving multiple transformations like time shifting and reversal are explained. Graphical representations are provided for operations like addition and multiplication.

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    SS PPT (10.07.2020)- students copy

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    1. The document evaluates three signal expressions and determines their values for specific values of n. 2. It then describes six common operations that can be performed on signals: time reversal, time shifting, amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, and time scaling. 3. Key steps for operations involving multiple transformations like time shifting and reversal are explained. Graphical representations are provided for operations like addition and multiplication.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views15 pages

    Ec19303-Signals and Sytems

    Uploaded by

    BENAZIR BEGAM R
    1. The document evaluates three signal expressions and determines their values for specific values of n. 2. It then describes six common operations that can be performed on signals: time reversal, time shifting, amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, and time scaling. 3. Key steps for operations involving multiple transformations like time shifting and reversal are explained. Graphical representations are provided for operations like addition and multiplication.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    EC19303-SIGNALS AND SYTEMS

    Evaluate the following


    ∞ ∞ ∞
        2   𝑛
    1. ∑ 2𝑛
    ⅇ 𝛿 ( 𝑛− 2 ) 2. ∑ n 𝛿 ( 𝑛+2 ) 3. ∑ 2 𝛿 ( 𝑛+ 1 )
    𝑛=−∞ 𝑛=−∞ 𝑛=0

     
     
     
    When n=2,
    When n= -2, When n= -1,
    δ(2-2)=δ(0)=1
    δ( -2 +2)=δ(0)=1 δ(-1+2)=δ(0)=1
    ==
    == = = 0 (Because, n=-1 doesn’t
    exist in the limits)
    Operations of Signals
    1. Time Reversal •y(t) = x(-t) / y[n]=x[-n]
    2. Time Shifting •y(t) = x(t-td) / y[n]=x[n-no]
    3. Amplitude Scaling •y(t) = Ax(t) / y[n]=Ax[n]
    4. Addition •y(t) = x1(t) + x2(t) / y[n]= x1[t] + x2[t]
    5. Multiplication •y(t) = x1(t)x2(t) / y[n]= x1[t] x2[t]
    6. Time Scaling
    •y(t) = x(at) / y[n]=x[an]

    4
    1. Time Reversal / Reflection/ Folding.

    ❒ Let x(t) denote a continuous-time signal and y(t) is the signal obtained by replacing time
    t with –t;

    yt   x t 
    ❒ y(t) is the signal represents a reflected version of x(t) about t = 0.
    ❒ Two special cases for continuous and discrete-time signal;
    (i)Even signal; x(-t) = x(t) an even signal is same as reflected version.
    (ii)Odd signal; x(-t) = -x(t) an odd signal is the negative of its reflected version.

    Applications

    useful in various image-processing procedures, such as edge


    detection.
    u(-t)

    Refer SS1 and SS2


    2. Time Shifting / Delay
    • y(t) = x(t – td)
    • Shifts the signal left or right
    • Shifts the origin of the signal to td

    • Rule
    Set (t – td) = 0 (set the argument equal to zero)Then move the
    origin of x(t) to td
    If td=+ve, move to the right(delay)
    If td=-ve, move to the left(advance)
    Applications

    • Time-shifting is an important operation that is used in many signal-processing applications. For example, a
    time-delayed version of the signal is used when performing autocorrelation. 
    • The concept of time delay is artificial intelligence, such as in systems that use Time Delay Neural Networks.

    Refer SS3,4,5,6
    8
    Steps to Remember
    • If you have Time shifting and Reversal
    (Reflection) together
    • Do 1st Shifting
    • Then Reflection

    S7
    3. Amplitude Scaling

    • Multiply the entire signal by a constant value


    • y(t) = Bx(t)

    ex. Sketch y(t) = 5u(t)

    t
    0
    4. Addition of Signals
    • Point-by-point addition of multiple signals
    • Move from left to right (or vice versa), and add
    the value of each signal together to achieve the
    final signal
    • y(t) = x1(t) + x2(t)

    • Graphical solution
    – Plot each individual portion of the signal (break into
    parts)
    – Add the signals point by point
    4. Addition of Signals
    ex. Sketch y(t) = u(t) – u(t – 2) Then, move from one side
    to the other, and add their
    First, plot each of the portions of this signal separately instantaneous values

    • x1(t) = u(t) € Simply a step signal y(t)


    • x2(t) = –u(t-2) € Delayed step signal, multiplied by -1
    1

    1 2 t
    0

    x1(t) = u(t) x1(t) = u(t)


    1 1

    1 2 t 1 2 t
    -1
    -1 -1
    x2(t) = -u(t - 2) x2(t) = -u(t - 2)
    5. Multiplication of Signals

    • Point-by-point multiplication of the values


    of each signal
    • y(t) = x1(t)x2(t)

    • Graphical solution
    – Plot each individual portion of the signal
    (break into parts)
    – Multiply the signals point by point
    ex. Sketch y(t) = u(t)·u(t – 2) Then, move from one side
    to the other, and multiply
    First, plot each of the portions of this signal separately instantaneous values

    • x1(t) = u(t) € Simply a step signal


    • x2(t) = u(t-2) € Delayed step signal
    y(t)
    1

    1 2 t

    x1(t) = u(t) x2(t) = u(t - 2)


    1 x1(t) = u(t)
    1
    x2(t) = u(t - 2)
    1 2 t
    -1
    -1 1 2 t

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