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    Gyro Checks

    Uploaded by

    Shahrul Idham
    The document discusses methods for checking gyro compasses, including: 1. Calculating the true bearing of celestial bodies using tables of declination and true amplitudes, Nories tables, Wier's azimuth diagram, or nav receiver calculations to determine gyro error. 2. Checking gyro accuracy is easiest at true sunrise/sunset when the sun lies on the visible horizon. 3. Other methods like using a reflector and shades to take sun bearings at other times may require converting times to GMT and using calculations with declination, latitude, and local hour angle. 4. Regular gyro checks are important to detect any errors or misalignment of gyro repeaters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Gyro Checks

    Uploaded by

    Shahrul Idham
    171 views37 pages
    The document discusses methods for checking gyro compasses, including: 1. Calculating the true bearing of celestial bodies using tables of declination and true amplitudes, Nories tables, Wier's azimuth diagram, or nav receiver calculations to determine gyro error. 2. Checking gyro accuracy is easiest at true sunrise/sunset when the sun lies on the visible horizon. 3. Other methods like using a reflector and shades to take sun bearings at other times may require converting times to GMT and using calculations with declination, latitude, and local hour angle. 4. Regular gyro checks are important to detect any errors or misalignment of gyro repeaters.

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    The document discusses methods for checking gyro compasses, including: 1. Calculating the true bearing of celestial bodies using tables of declination and true amplitudes, Nories tables, Wier's azimuth diagram, or nav receiver calculations to determine gyro error. 2. Checking gyro accuracy is easiest at true sunrise/sunset when the sun lies on the visible horizon. 3. Other methods like using a reflector and shades to take sun bearings at other times may require converting times to GMT and using calculations with declination, latitude, and local hour angle. 4. Regular gyro checks are important to detect any errors or misalignment of gyro repeaters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    171 views37 pages

    Gyro Checks

    Uploaded by

    Shahrul Idham
    The document discusses methods for checking gyro compasses, including: 1. Calculating the true bearing of celestial bodies using tables of declination and true amplitudes, Nories tables, Wier's azimuth diagram, or nav receiver calculations to determine gyro error. 2. Checking gyro accuracy is easiest at true sunrise/sunset when the sun lies on the visible horizon. 3. Other methods like using a reflector and shades to take sun bearings at other times may require converting times to GMT and using calculations with declination, latitude, and local hour angle. 4. Regular gyro checks are important to detect any errors or misalignment of gyro repeaters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 37

    Gyro Checks

    BR 45 (2) Chapter 5

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 1


    Lesson will cover:
    • Methods of calculating the azimuth angle
    or bearing of any heavenly body.
    • True amplitudes at True Sunrise/set
    • Mathematical formulae which can be
    used.
    • Use of Weirs Azimuth Diagram and
    Nories Tables (A, B and C)

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 2


    RN Style of Azimuth Circle

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 3


    Checking the Gyro – cross level
    error if azimuth circle not level

    Correct Incorrect
    Bearing Bearing

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 4


    True Amplitudes using Sun
    • Checking the gyro at sunrise/sunset is:
    – accurate because the sun is on the horizon
    – easy to check using True Amplitudes.
    • Bearing is taken when the lower limb is seen
    a semi-diameter above the visible horizon.
    • (Moon’s centre lies practically on visible
    horizon at true rising/setting.)
    • The true amplitude table is entered with
    ship’s latitude and the declination of the Sun.
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 5
    True and Visible Rise/set
    True Sunrise
    Sunset
    Celestial Horizon

    34’

    Visible Horizon
    6 deg
    Visible Sunrise
    Sunset

    Civil Twilight

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 6


    Declination/Amplitude North
    Pole
    Equator

    East

    North South

    West

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 7


    Declination/Amplitude South
    Pole
    Equator

    East

    North South

    West

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 8


    Effect of Latitude
    North
    Pole
    South
    Pole
    East
    North
    Pole
    North
    North South

    West

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 9


    Elements of Calculation

    • Convert time to UT(GMT)


    • Look up the declination of the sun
    rounding up/down to the nearest hour.
    • Note latitude (given in the question)
    • Find true amplitude using table
    • Apply amplitude to East/West in
    direction of declination.
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 10
    Example B23 (Working)

    Time: 152000(-11) JUN


    GMT: 150900Z JUN
    Dec: N23o 18.9’ or 23.3o
    Lat: 48o 50’N or 48.8º

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 11


    Declination

    Latitude

    Amplitude
    Table page
    4B-17

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 12


    Example B23 (Working)

    Time: 152000(-11) JUN


    GMT: 150900Z JUN
    Dec: N23o 18.9’ or 23.3o (page 4A-19)
    Lat: 48o 50’N or 48.8º
    Amp: W 37o N
    Bearing: 270o + 37o = 307o
    Error: 309oG/307oT = 2º HIGH
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 13
    Amplitude Diagram
    N
    307º
    Declination
    North

    37º
    W E

    Declination
    South
    S
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 14
    Calculator Formula

    Sine Amplitude = Sine Declination


    Cosine Latitude

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 15


    Spherical Triangle
    Z Azimuth
    The Celestial Sphere
    P Q’

    H H’

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 16


    Azimuth - Data Required

    Declination
    Local Hour Angle
    Latitude

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 17


    NAVPAC Programme
    • Bearings can be calculated by entering
    the correct date, time and position and
    using either:
    • Using the Find It Page and read off the
    correct bearing of the body (Sun)
    • Using the Astro Page and reading the
    Azimuth shown at the top of the
    calculated data.
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 18
    A,B&C Table - Example
    B26. At 0915(+3) precisely on 24 Oct 97 in
    DR position 58o 15’N 038o 30’W, the gyro
    bearing of the sun was 150o. What was
    the gyro error?
    Time 0915(+3) = 1215Z
    GHA (1200) 3o 57.3’
    Increment (15min) 3o 45.0’
    GHA (1215) 7o 42.3’
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 19
    Example - Continued
    Tab Declination 11º 51.6’S
    d = +0.9’
    Correction 0.2’
    Declination 11º 51.8’S (11.85º)
    Latitude 58º 15’ (58.25º)
    LHA (GHA-LongW) 367º 42’-38º 30’
    LHA 329º 12’ (329.2º)

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 20


    A, B and C Tables (Nories)
    Table A

    • Table A entered with LHA and Latitude


    (named opposite to Latitude except when
    Hour Angle is between 90o and 270o)
    • Formula A = tan lat x 1/tan LHA

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 21


    Nories
    Table A
    LHA 329.2º
    Latitude 58.25º

    Named opposite
    to latitude 2.71S
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 22
    A, B and C Tables (Nories)
    Table B

    • Table B entered with LHA and


    Declination (Always named the same as
    Declination)
    • Formula B = tan dec x 1/sin LHA

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 23


    Nories
    Table B
    LHA 329.2º
    Dec 11.85º

    Named same as
    declination 0.41S
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 24
    Obtaining Azimuth from C

    • Combine A and B algebraically to obtain C


    • Enter with value of C and Latitude
    • Azimuth takes the name of C (South or
    North) using West if LHA less than 180o
    and East if LHA more than 180o.
    • Example azimuth S31ºE = 149º
    • Formula Tan azimuth = 1/C x 1/cos lat

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 25


    Nories
    Table C
    C combined
    value of A & B
    3.12S
    Latitude 58.25º
    Azimuth S31.3ºE

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 26


    Resumé of Calculation
    A (329.2/58.25) = 2.71 S
    B (329.2/11.85) = 0.41 S
    C (Combine A & B) = 3.12 S
    C (3.12/58.25) = S 31.3o E
    True bearing = 180o - 31.3o = 148.7o
    Gyro bearing = 150o
    Gyro Error = 1.3º HIGH
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 27
    Wier’s Azimuth Diagram
    Local Hour
    Angle (LHA) Bearing Ring

    Latitude Declination
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 28
    Marking the Declination

    Point A Declination
    12o South
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 29
    Plotting LHA & Latitude
    Enter with LHA
    Black figures for Lat N
    LHA 329º Green figures for Lat S

    Latitude
    Ellipse 58¼º

    Point B

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 30


    Finding the Bearing

    Centre Ruler
    B

    Align Ruler in Read off


    direction B-A NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 31
    bearing
    Using Navaid Receiver
    • QYF, Loran, SNAPS, etc.
    • Use spare waypoint
    • Enter declination as latitude
    • Enter GHA as longitude (if GHA is greater
    than 180º, subtract from 360º and enter as
    Easterly longitude)
    • Read off Initial Great Circle Course from
    Own Ship (same as GC bearing)
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 32
    GC Calculation

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 33


    Azimuth of Heavenly Body
    • Use reflector and shades to take bearing of
    the sun (keep repeat level).
    • Requires accurate time of observation to
    calculate LHA.
    • True bearing can be worked out using
    Norie’s (A, B & C Tables), Wier’s Azimuth
    Diagram, Total Tide or GC Course
    calculation on Navaid Receiver.
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 34
    Alignment of Gyro Repeaters

    Correct
    Bearing

    Bearing
    Low

    Same Reading

    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 35


    Summary
    • Gyro should be checked regularly at sea
    (every watch in merchant ships).
    • Simplest check is at True Sunrise/set using
    table of True Amplitude (or formula).
    • There are occasions when gyro checks are
    required at other times.
    • Check is actually the repeat so results may
    vary between different repeats.
    • Any Questions?
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 36
    NTU, HMS COLLINGWOOD 37

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