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    Hardware and Firmware 1.4

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    Janice Brown
    RAM is volatile memory that allows for quick access by the processor. It comes in different types like DRAM and SRAM. RAM specifications have advanced through standards like DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 which increased speed and capacity. RAM can be installed as modules in various forms like DIMM, SO-DIMM, registered/buffered, single/dual channel. ECC RAM provides error correction for critical applications.

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    Hardware and Firmware 1.4

    Uploaded by

    Janice Brown
    35 views12 pages
    RAM is volatile memory that allows for quick access by the processor. It comes in different types like DRAM and SRAM. RAM specifications have advanced through standards like DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 which increased speed and capacity. RAM can be installed as modules in various forms like DIMM, SO-DIMM, registered/buffered, single/dual channel. ECC RAM provides error correction for critical applications.

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    RAM is volatile memory that allows for quick access by the processor. It comes in different types like DRAM and SRAM. RAM specifications have advanced through standards like DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 which increased speed and capacity. RAM can be installed as modules in various forms like DIMM, SO-DIMM, registered/buffered, single/dual channel. ECC RAM provides error correction for critical applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views12 pages

    Hardware and Firmware 1.4

    Uploaded by

    Janice Brown
    RAM is volatile memory that allows for quick access by the processor. It comes in different types like DRAM and SRAM. RAM specifications have advanced through standards like DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 which increased speed and capacity. RAM can be installed as modules in various forms like DIMM, SO-DIMM, registered/buffered, single/dual channel. ECC RAM provides error correction for critical applications.

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    Random Access

    Memory (RAM)
    What is RAM?

     Random Access Memory (RAM) is


    the hardware in a computing
    device where the operating
    system (OS), application programs
    and data in current use are kept so
    they can be quickly reached by the
    device's processor.
    Volatile vs Non-Volatile

     Volatile  Non-Volatile
     Volatile memory is computer memory that requires  Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile
    power to maintain the stored information; it retains its storage is a type of computer memory that can
    contents while powered on but when the power is retrieve stored information even after having been
    interrupted, the stored data is quickly lost. power cycled.
     Usually faster than Non-volatile.  Examples of non-volatile memory include read-only
    memory (ROM), flash memory, ferroelectric RAM,
     Most of the general-purpose random-access memory
    most types of magnetic computer storage devices
    (RAM) is volatile.
    (e.g. hard disk drives, solid state drives, floppy disks,
    and magnetic tape), optical discs.
    Volatile Memory

    Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM)


     Needs to be constantly refreshed.  Does not need to be constantly refreshed.
     Slower than the SRAM.  Static RAM provides faster access to data and is more expensive than
    DRAM.
     Cheaper than the SRAM.
     SRAM is used for a computer's cache memory. Like the one on the
     More storage capacity. CPU.
     Used as the standard RAM memory of the system.  Static RAM modules are physically bigger.
    DDR (Double Data Rate)
    DDR
    1 DDR2
     Release year: 2000  Release year: 2003
     DIMM pins: 184  DIMM pins: 240
     SO-DIMM pins: 200  SO-DIMM pins: 200
     Transfer rate (MT/s): 200 –400  Transfer rate (MT/s): 400-1066.67
     Voltage (V): 2.5/2.6  Voltage (V): 1.8
    DDR
    3 DDR4
     Release year: 2007  Release year: 2014
     DIMM pins: 240  DIMM pins: 288
     SO-DIMM pins: 204  SO-DIMM pins: 256
     Transfer rate (MT/s): 800 –2133  Transfer rate (MT/s): 1600-3200
     Voltage (V): 1.5/1.35  Voltage (V): 1.2/1.05
    DIMM & SO-DIMM

    DIMM SO-DIMM
    (dual in-line memory module) (small outline dual in-line memory module)
     It has the form of a rectangular stick approximately 5.5  It has a form factor of 2.74 inches long.
    inches in length.  1.2 inches tall or  very low profile (VLP) format that is
     1.2 inches tall or  very low profile (VLP) format that is only 0.8 inches tall.
    only 0.8 inches tall.  Used on laptops or small form factor computers.
     Used in Desktop computers or Server systems.
    Single Sided (SS) vs Dual Sided (DS)
    Single Sided (SS) Dual Sided (DS)
     "Single sided" refers to a RAM expansion with  "Double sided" RAM has its chips divided into two sides (called
    a single "bank" of chips, which the computer can access all at "banks"), only one of which can be seen at a time by the computer.
    once. The physical expansion card may have chips on both of  To use the second half of the storage available, the computer must
    its sides, or only on one side, but is considered to be single
    switch to the second bank, and can no longer read or write to the first
    sided because the computer can "see" all of its memory at
    half until it switches back again.
    once.
    Registered / Buffered
    Memory
     Buffered memory is an older term for
    registered memory. Buffered refers to an
    electronic buffer placed between the memory
    and the memory controller.
     They place less electrical load on the memory
    controller and allow single systems to remain
    stable with more memory modules than they
    would have otherwise.
     Registered memory module is called
    an RDIMM.
     Registered memory is often more expensive.
     Most registered memory modules also feature
    Error-Correcting Code memory (ECC).
    ECC
    Error Correcting Code

     ECC memory is used in most computers


    where data corruption cannot be tolerated
    under any circumstances.
     ECC memory is capable of detecting and
    then correcting single-bit memory errors.
     Protects your system from potential crashes
    and inadvertent changes in data by
    automatically correcting data errors. 
     More Expensive
     Non-ECC Memory
    • Most non-ECC memory cannot detect errors
    although some non-ECC memory with parity
    support allows detection but not correction.
    Memory Channels

     Single-Channel Architecture :
    •  Single channel means that only 64 bits of
    information will be access by each cycle.
    • Usually are the DIMM that come alone.
     Dual-Channel Architecture :
    • Dual-channel architecture expands the number of
    data wires available in the memory data bus from
    64 to 128.
    • Usually the DIMMs come in pairs.
    • You will need 2 identical memory modules for this
    technology to work properly.
    Memory Channels

    VS

    Single-Channel Dual-Channel
    Memory Channels

     Triple-Channel Architecture:
    • As you can assume by the name, the triple-channel
    architecture triples the available memory bandwidth.
    • This is done by expanding the memory data bus to 192
    bits.
    • You will need 3 identical memory modules.
     Quad-Channel Architecture:
    • The quad-channel architecture quadruples the
    available memory bandwidth.
    • This is done by expanding the memory data bus to 256
    bits, which is accomplished by accessing four memory
    modules at the same time.
    • You will need 4 identical memory modules for this
    technology to work properly.

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