TEACHER INDUCTION

PROGRAM
MODULE 5
MODULE 5:
LEARNING PROCESS
 This module contains the topics on the
21st century learners where the newly-hired
teacher will identify the nature of learners in
various key learning stages in the
Philippines education setting and will be
working on a detailed lesson plan (DLP)
with parts that are aligned with the DepEd
Order #42 s. 2016 with a specific 21st
century skills that he would like his learners
to develop.
The teacher will also identify learning
programs implemented or offered in his
school or district that are responsive to
the needs of the learners in different key
learning stages.
Key Concepts:
1.Why is it important to understand the
principal of learner centered learning?

Learner-centered learning is an instructional

approach in which the learners influence the
content, activities, materials, and pace of
learning. This learning model places the
learner in the center of the learning process.
 The teacher provides learners
with opportunities to learn
independently and from one another
and coaches them in the skills they
need to do so effectively. ( Collins &
O’Brien, 2003)
 In a learner-centered learning
environment, McCombs and Whistler
(1997) state that learners are treated as
co-creators in the learning process, as
individuals with ideas and issues that
deserve attention and consideration.
 Learner-centered learning
environments recognize that the
prior knowledge of learners
powerfully influences future
learning and thus attempt to build
on prior knowledge.
2. Five Learner-Centered Learning Principles
by Weimer (2002):

a. Student-centered learning shifts the balance

of classroom power from teacher to student thus
fostering active learning and engagement among
peers.
b. Student-centered learning enables
critical thinking and is an means to
develop knowledge rather than a
collection of facts by building upon a
challenging prior learning.
c. Student-centered learning situates the
teacher as facilitator an contributor rather
than authoritarian and director of
knowledge.
d. Student-centered learning returns
the responsibility for learning to the
students, so students are able to
discover their strengths and
weaknesses and take part in directing
their own knowledge gain.
e. Student-centered learning employs
effective assessment to promote
learning and inform future practice.
3. How will teacher apply the learner-
centered approaches and strategies in the
classroom?
Republic Act No. 10533, SEC. 5.e. states
that, The curriculum shall use pedagogical
approaches that are constructivist, inquiry-
based, reflective, collaborative, and
integrative.
a.What is Constructivism?
• Learning is an active process
• Learning involves language
• Learning is a social activity
• Learning is a contextual
• One needs knowledge to learn
• Motivation is a key component in
learning
• Learning is not instantaneous
• Construction of knowledge
Learner’s prior knowledge
Have access to resources
Actively learn
Create, manipulate, and debate
knowledge.
• Process, not product
Learning environment tasks the
learner with creating or constructing
representations of individual meaning
Learners systematically gather and
evaluate information
• Multiple Perspectives
Collaboration allows learners to share
and reconcile multiple dissonant
perspectives or strategies and find
synergistic solutions.
Peers provide multiple
interpretations and models that
enable the learner to systematically
revisit, rearrange, and re-purpose
material from different conceptual
perspectives.
Cognitive apprenticeship
Process-based evaluation
4. What is Inquiry-Based Approach?
The main activity in a constructivist classroom
in solving problem. Students use inquiry methods
to ask questions, investigate a topic, and use a
variety of resources to find solutions and
answers.
As students explore the topic, they
draw conclusions, and, as exploration
continues, they revisit those
conclusions. Exploration of questions
leads to more questions.
5. What Is Reflective Approach?
Students control their own learning process,
and they lead the way by reflecting on their
experiences. This process makes them experts of
their own learning. The teacher helps create
situations where the students feel safe
questioning and reflecting on their own processes,
either privately or in group discussions. The
teacher should also create activities that lead the
student to reflect on his or her prior knowledge
and experiences. Talking about what was learned
and how it was learned is really important.
6. What Is Collaborative Approach?
The constructivist classroom relies heavily on
collaboration among students. There are many
reasons why collaboration contributes to
learning. The main reason it is used so much in
constructivism is that students review and reflect
on their learning process together, they can pick
up strategies and methods from one another.
7. What Is Integrative Approach?
Integrative learning requires the
teaching of intentional learning (taking a
deliberative and reflexive stance towards
knowledge acquisition): taking into
account different dimensions of a
problem, seeing it from different
perspectives, and making conceptual links
among the dimensions and perspectives.
 Integrative learning leads students to
synthesize learning from a wide array of sources,
learn from experience, and make significant and
productive connections between theory and
practice.
 This approach to teaching and learning is
necessary in today’s world where technology
and globalization transform knowledge
practices in all disciplines and professions:
disciplines are now less bounded, with new
areas of scientific knowledge emerging on
the boarders of old ones, and with a
significant exchange of concepts, methods,
and subject matter between the humanities,
the social sciences, and the arts.
8. What Are the Instructional Strategies
and Methods?
In planning lessons, teachers can choose from
a variety of a instructional models and their
corresponding strategies and methods.
 An instructional model is a teacher’s
philosophical orientation to teaching. It is
related to theories of learning including
behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism,
social interactionism, and others.
 An instructional strategy is a
teaching approach influenced by the
above mentioned educational
philosophies, while an instructional
method is the specific activity that
teachers and learners will do in the
classroom.
 An instructional strategy is what a
teachers uses inside the classroom to
achieve the objectives of a lesson. A
teacher can use a strategy or a
combination of strategies to do this. Below
are examples of different instructional
strategies briefly explained:
 a. Direct Instruction is systematic,
structured and sequential teaching. Its
basic steps include presenting the material,
explaining, and reinforcing it. According to
Borich (2001), direct instruction methods are
use to teach facts, rules, and action
sequences.
 Direct instruction methods include
compare and contrast, demonstrations,
didactic questions, drill and practice,
guides for reading, listening and
viewing, lecture, etc.
 b. Indirect Instruction is a teaching
strategy in which the learner is an active
and not passive participant. Indirect
instructions methods are used for concept
learning, inquiry learning and
problem-centered learning (Borich 2011).
 Indirect instruction methods include
case study, cloze procedure, concept
formation, inquiry, problem solving,
reflective discussion, etc.
 c. Interactive instruction is teaching
that addressees learners’ need to be
active in their learning and interact
with others including their teachers
and peers.
 Interactive methods of teaching
include brainstorming, debates,
cooperative learning, interviewing, small
group discussion, whole class discussion,
etc.
 e. Independent Study is teaching in
which the teacher’s external control is
reduced and students interact more with
the content (Petrina in press).
 Independent study methods aims to
develop learners’ initiative, self-reliance,
and self-improvement and include
assigned questions corresponding lessons,
computer assisted instruction, essays,
homework, learning contracts, reports,
research, projects, etc.
d. Experiential Instruction is teaching
students by directly involving them in a
learning experience. This strategy
emphasizes the process and not the
product of learning.
Experiential learning methods
include games, experiments, field
trips, model building, field
observations, role play, simulations,
etc.
Learning Enviroment

Key Concepts
1. Learning Environment
The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) highlights the role of teachers to provide
learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in order to promote learner
responsibility and achievement. This Domain centers on creating environment that is learning-focused
and in which teachers efficiently manage learner behavior in a physical and virtual space. It highlights
the need for teachers to utilize a range of resources an provide intellectually challenging and
stimulating activities to encourage constructive classroom interactions geared towards the attainment of
high standards for learning.
Learning Environment is the second domain of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).
This Domain centers on creating environment that is learning-focused and in which teachers efficiently
manage learner behavior in a physical and virtual space. It consists of six strands, namely:
1. Learner safety and security
2. Fair learning environment
3. Management of classroom structure and activities.
4. Support for learner participation
5. Promotion of purposive learning
6. Management of learner behavior