CLSS: Load Sensing Circuit.

Section 2.4

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit
Introduction.
LS Pressure (PLS): is introduced into the LS system
only when one or more of the machines work
equipment hydraulic circuit are being used.
PLS is the network that makes the CLSS works.

The LS Pressure as three Vital Roles

1. LS Pressure is the signal between the control
valve and the main hydraulic pump to supply the
correct oil Quantity and Pressure.
2. Controls the compensation valves to ensure
when working a compound operation both circuits
receive an even amount of oil.
3. Shuts the Unload Valve OFF when hydraulic
circuits are being used.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

With the spools in the neutral position, Pump Pressure is closed off from the
Actuator Port.
The internal galleries in the spool are not exposed to the PP as the LS circuit is
now closed off by the valve body.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

When a spool is operated the connection between PP to the

Actuator port is complete, at the same time some PP passes
through the internal galleries in the spool feeling back into the LS
Circuit
Section 2.4 CLSS
 LS Circuit
Picture Cut-away.
The internal galleries in the spool have two sets of ports, as the spool is double
acting
Currently the spool is in the neutral position and the internal galleries are closed
off to all actuator ports

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

LS Shuttle Valves.
There’s a LS Shuttle Valve for each spool
except for the swing spool.
When LS pressure is introduced into the LS
circuit the shuttle valve lifts off to allow the
LS Shuttle PLS to pressurize the system and close off
Valves all other shuttle valves.
During compound operation the higher
pressure will dominate the LS circuit, as
the higher pressure will close off the lower
LS Select pressure shuttle valve.
Valve
The higher pressure needs to control the
LS circuit so the pump can react to the
higher demand.
If the Shuttle Valves were not in place the
high pressure would travel the route of less
resistance.
which would be into the lower pressure
circuits.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

2000 Kgs
500 Kgs.

LS Shuttle Valve
During compound operation
the LS circuit is controlled by
the higher pressure.

50 Kg/cm2

200 Kg/cm2
LS Shuttle valve is
pushed to the
rights by the higher
pressure, closing
off the lower
pressure circuit

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

Swing spool

Boom spool

LS Select Valve
This valve is only activated when
swing and boom lift are activated at
the same time. Boom lift pilot
pressure is connected to the LS
select valve.

This valve is to prevent high

pressure from being generated
when swing is operated.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

When pilot pressure is introduced

it pushes the valve to close off the
Swing LS pressure.
Pilot pressure is OFF when the
swing circuits is not being used.
LS pressure can enter the LS
circuit, providing work equipment
pressure is lower than the swing.

Select Valve OFF Select Valve ON

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

LS Bypass Valve.
LS Bypass Valve This is a fixed orifice,
O.25mm.
This reduces the
speed of the rise in the
LS pressure to prevent
any sudden changes in
oil pressure.
When all spools return
to the neutral position
the LS bypass valve is
the PLS only return
port back to tank.

LS Valve location

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

Compensation Valves.
The compensation performs two roles:
1. Load check valve.
2. Divides the oil evenly between the
circuits when a compound operation
is being preformed.
All compensation valves are interlinked
by a common gallery, this allows LS
pressure to

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

Two types of
Compensation
Valves.
1. Shuttle Valve inside the
compensation valve,
stops the piston form
separating from the valve
when the holding
pressure is generated.
2. No hold pressure is
generated in the travel
circuit, so pressure
compensation valves
don’t require the shuttle
valve.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

200 Kg/cm2

50 Kg/cm2

Load Check Valve.

The load check valve is not going to open and allow the oil to flow until the
pump has developed 200 Kg/cm2 or just better. This stops the work
equipment from dropping on initial opening of spool.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

50 Kg/cm2
200 Kg/cm2
PLS = 200 Kg/cm2 The Compensation Valves
Divide the oil to give a
smooth operation during a
compound operation.
The higher pressure always
controls the LS pressure.
The lower pressure circuit is
going to receive a greater
restriction through the
compensation valve to stop
all the flow going to the least
point of resistance.
The higher pressure circuit is
restricted by the weight that
circuit has to lift.

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit

PLS

Pressure Compensation During Compound Operation.

The Pressure Compensation Valve is closed by LS pressure, the oil down stream from
the spool must equal the PLS before the valve can open. If there is a low pressure
going to the actuator the load check valve will only open a small amount as the oil
behind the load check valve must maintain the higher pressure.
Section 2.4 CLSS
 LS Circuit

Complete CLSS Circuit.

The next slide has a diagram of a complete CLSS hydraulic circuit. The function its
performing is Arm In.
This diagram will demonstrate the relationship LS Pressure has with:
1. LS Valve on the Hydraulic Pump.
2. LS bypass valve.
3. Unload Valve.
4. How it interconnects all compensation valves.

Legend PP
PLS
PT
Residual pressure

Section 2.4 CLSS

 LS Circuit
LS Valves

Text

Unload Valve
(rear)

Unload Valve. (front)

Main relief Valve

(rear) Merge/Divide

Section 2.4 CLSS

 Heading

End of
LS Circuit

Section 2.4 CLSS